This document summarizes Freud's theories of anxiety and defense mechanisms. It explains that anxiety arises from unacceptable impulses approaching consciousness. The ego uses defense mechanisms like denial, repression, and rationalization to reduce anxiety by distorting or transforming threatening thoughts and desires. Freud identified three types of anxiety - reality anxiety from real threats, neurotic anxiety from unconscious fears, and moral anxiety from violating social codes.
Defense Mechanisms: Our In-built Coping Strategies By Ms. Paulomi Pandit held on 18 Sep 2015
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For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
Defense Mechanisms: Our In-built Coping Strategies By Ms. Paulomi Pandit held on 18 Sep 2015
Defense Mechanisms are our inbuilt coping strategies, they are helpful, yet if they are out done or go off context then they create a problem.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
Just a simple presentation to understand some few defense mechanisms in Psychology. I hope you find it useful. Give some hearts if you like and you may comment if you wish to have a copy. Thank you. :)
The term got its start in psychoanalytic therapy, but it has slowly worked its way into everyday language. In Sigmund Freud's topographical model of personality, the ego is the aspect of personality that deals with reality. While doing this, the ego also has to cope with the conflicting demands of the id and the superego. The id seeks to fulfil all wants, needs and impulses while the superego tries to get the ego to act in an idealistic and moral manner. What happens when the ego cannot deal with the demands of our desires, the constraints of reality and our own moral standards?
DEFENSE MECHANISM IS THE UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISM EMPLOYED BY US WHICH PREVENTS US FROM FALLING PREY TO INTOLERABLE ANXIETY, HOWEVER AT TIMES WE OFTEN PAY A HEAVY COST FOR USING IT IN PATHOLOGICAL WAYS.
Just a simple presentation to understand some few defense mechanisms in Psychology. I hope you find it useful. Give some hearts if you like and you may comment if you wish to have a copy. Thank you. :)
The term got its start in psychoanalytic therapy, but it has slowly worked its way into everyday language. In Sigmund Freud's topographical model of personality, the ego is the aspect of personality that deals with reality. While doing this, the ego also has to cope with the conflicting demands of the id and the superego. The id seeks to fulfil all wants, needs and impulses while the superego tries to get the ego to act in an idealistic and moral manner. What happens when the ego cannot deal with the demands of our desires, the constraints of reality and our own moral standards?
DEFENSE MECHANISM IS THE UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISM EMPLOYED BY US WHICH PREVENTS US FROM FALLING PREY TO INTOLERABLE ANXIETY, HOWEVER AT TIMES WE OFTEN PAY A HEAVY COST FOR USING IT IN PATHOLOGICAL WAYS.
Psychoanalytic theories explain human behaviour in terms of the interaction of various components of personality. Sigmund Freud was the founder of this school.
Freud drew on the physics of his day (thermodynamics) to coin the term psycho-dynamics. Based on the idea of converting heat into mechanical energy, he proposed psychic energy could be converted into behaviour.
Freud's theory places central importance on dynamic, unconscious psychological conflicts.
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2. ANXIETY
According to Freud, anxiety (intense feelings
of nervousness, tension or worry) occurs
because the unacceptable impulses are
getting closer and closer to consciousness,
as well as closer and closer to the limits of
the ego to hold them in check
3. REDUCING/AVOIDING ANXIETY
Unconscious themes: aggressive thoughts,
incestuous thoughts, memories of traumatic
childhood experiences, etc.
Freud believed it was so threatening, that the
main goal of the ego is to actively keep these
thoughts in the unconscious to avoid/reduce
anxiety.
Anxiety is similar to nervousness, worry,
agitation or panic.
Awareness of particular unacceptable material =
anxiety.
4. FREUD’S THREE TYPES OF ANXIETY
Reality Anxiety : the most basic
form, rooted in reality. Fear of a
dog bite, fear arising from an
impending accident. It is considered
to be an Ego based anxiety. The
most common tension reduction
method is to remove oneself from
the harmful situation.
Neurotic Anxiety : Anxiety which
arises from an unconscious fear
that the impulses of the Id will take
control at an inappropriate time.
This type of anxiety is driven by a
fear of punishment that will result
from expressing the Id's desires
without channeling it through some
socially acceptable action.
Moral Anxiety : Anxiety which results
from fear of violating moral or
societal codes; moral anxiety
appears as guilt or shame.
5. DEALING WITH ANXIETY-PROVOKING MATERIAL
The ego uses many different techniques
Collectively known as defence mechanisms
Used to deal with unwanted thoughts and
desires.
All Defense Mechanisms share two common
properties :
1) They can operate unconsciously
2) They can distort, transform, or falsify
reality is some way.
7. DENIAL
Refusing to admit that something unpleasant
is happening, or that a taboo emotion is
being experienced
E.g. 16-year old Buster Baxter was using
drugs, but his parents didn’t believe the
principal when he/she told them about the
problem.
The more we use is, the less we are in touch
with reality and the less likely we are to
function fully.
8. SUBLIMATION
Rechannels an unacceptable impulse into a
more socially desirable outlet
According to Freud, the only truly successful
defence mechanism.
Freud suggested that sublimation was crucial to
the development of culture and civilization.
E.g. sexual activity may be redirected into
athletics
May explain why some people choose certain
occupations.
9. REPRESSION
Active effort by the ego to block a threatening
memory from consciousness
E.g. People held in concentration camps may
not be able to remember what happened while
there
Freud believed that all of us use repression,
however, the more repression, the less
remaining energy for our egos to function.
Without a strong ego, a stable personality is at
risk
10. RATIONALISATION
Justifying one’s failure with socially
acceptable reasons instead of the real
reasons.
E.g. After Blair rejected him, Chuck told
friends he didn’t think she was attractive, and
he wasn’t crazy about her anyway.
11. DISPLACEMENT
Redirecting an emotional response from a
dangerous object to a safe one
E.g. After her new baby brother came home
from the hospital, the parents discovered Cheryl
had dismembered her favourite doll
Freud noted that many irrational fears or
phobias are merely symbolic displacements.
E.g. a fear of one’s father might be displaced to
something that symbolically represents the
father, such as strong and powerful horses.
13. REGRESSION
Returning to a more primitive level of
behaviour when a person felt safe and
secure
E.g. After Sue Ann’s baby brother was born,
she began to suck her thumb
14. REACTION FORMATION
The individual attempts to hide from a
threatening idea/urge by becoming
overzealous in the opposite direction.
E.g. Treating someone whom you intensely
dislike in a friendly manner.
15. INTELLECTUALISATION
Removal of emotional content from the idea.
Examining the idea in a strictly intellectual,
unemotional manner
E.g. a wife with a dying husband tries to
learn all she can about the disease,
prognosis, treatment options. By doing this
she can help repress the emotional
onslaught of feelings of loss and anger which
can accompany the death of a loved one.