The document outlines a conceptual framework named pykquery designed to manage the complexity of data-driven interactive single-page applications. It highlights the framework's focus on maintaining clean backend code, facilitating user interactivity, and maximizing design efficiency. The document also addresses various data interactivity challenges and potential solutions through a structured approach to querying and rendering data.

1. A conceptual framework for data-interactivity
PykQuery.js
Ritvvij Parrikh,
Founder, pykih.com | pykcharts.com

2. Genesis
Pykih is a data design company. We make
data human i.e. we use algorithms and
design to help humans consume data.

3. Genesis
Built for FirstPost.com - As seen on History Channel Documentary - Vital Stats of India

4. Genesis
GapMinder style design for 500 startups (VC) to analyse their portfolio

5. Genesis
Real-time social media dashboard for Microsoft World Partner Conference

6. Genesis
Nature of our business:
• Data can be streaming live or static
• Data could be big or small
• User can be on mobile or laptop
• Traffic can be in millions (media) or few hundreds (ERP)
• Good Design and interactivity is a must
2, 10, 30, 50 projects later… we realised the need for PykQuery

7. Warning
What it is NOT
• NOT an Angular / React alternative
• Does NOT help with data binding
• NOT a monolithic framework
• NOT an isomorphic framework (e.g. Meteor)
• NOT a non-isomorphic framework
• Does NOT choose the database for you (e.g. Meteor is built for MongoDB)

8. What
PykQuery is a conceptual framework that help
organise complexity around data-driven
interactive single page apps.

9. What
PykQuery is a conceptual framework that help
organise complexity around data-driven
interactive single page apps.
Even MVC sites
have 1 or 2 very
powerful single
page apps inside
them
Searching,
Filtering,
Analytics,
Visualisation,
Dashboards, etc.
You can use our
code or use the
concepts to write
your own code.

10. Why (Developer)
PykQuery is a conceptual framework that help
organise complexity around data-driven
interactive single page apps.
• Maintainable Code
• Black box out data-related code
• Black box out interactivity related code

11. Why (Business)
PykQuery is a conceptual framework that help
organise complexity around data-driven
interactive single page apps.
• Invest maximum time on design

12. Types of Interactivity
Interactive visual and data driven analytics provides different ways to extract
knowledge from very large data sets:
Visual Interactivity —Visual interactivity allows user to change the styling/
visual appearance of elements by clicking on other elements.
Data driven Interactivity — Data driven interactivity extends this to the
capability of changing the data itself, allowing user to discover more things about
data, on their own.

13. Is data interactivity only for data visualisation?

14. E-commerce Laptop Search Page

15. How we do it today?
• Expose backend API that gives us
list of all countries
• Expose backend code to give us
languages for selected country
Backend Front-end
• Ajax call to this API 1
• Render dropdown
• User selects country
• Ajax call to API 2 with selected
country
• Render dropdown

16. Extrapolate this 100x and see problems
Spreadsheet for geo-spatial analysis

17. Problems with data interactivity
#1 - Messy Backend Code
• Front-end team dependent on backend team to write APIs
• 5 min. to write drop down code; 15 min. to expose 1 API and deploy to prod.
• Prod. code ends up with multiple APIs
• Front-end can stop using the APIs without telling backend (dead code in prod.)

18. Step #1 - Run a backend server
Download a piece of backend code - http://github.com/pykih/PykQuery.rb
Connect to your database
Switch on server

19. Step #2 - Write a query in JSON in browser
{
"dataformat":"json”,
"scope":"local”,
"impacts":[],
"impactedby":["connector1”],
"div_id":"map_local”,
"alias":{},
"rumiparams":"pykih/icici-ha/untitled-grid-13-csv/“,
"metrics":{},
"filters”:[
{
"column_name":"city”,
"condition_type":"values”,
"next":"AND”,
"in":["mumbai”],
"not_in":[]
}
],
"limit":2000,
"sort":[{"price_for_sorting":"desc"}],
“dimensions”:["price_for_sorting","name","map_coordinate_lat",
"map_coordinate_lon","city","address","computed_rating","slug”],
"offset":0,
"mode":”aggregation"
}

20. Step #3 - Call the .call method
c.call();

21. Step #4 - Render the DOM for the data received

22. Turns out most UI elements are SELECT queries

23. 1 scalable backend API for 70% of your front-end data needs
Front-end developer with basic SQL knowledge writes a JSON object
Chooses if he wants the API to be in GET or POST
Chooses if he wants the API to be with or without tokens
Chooses if he wants the output to be in CSV, JSON or XML or 2d Array
Sends it to the API
And he receives back response
PostGreSQL
MySQL
Oracle
MS SQL
PykQuery Object
SQL
API
Data

24. Problems with data interactivity
#1 - Messy Backend Code
#2 - No consistent way to propagate WHERE clauses
onSelect of country —>
Append “where country = selected_country”
to Language query

25. Interactivity Management
Disclaimer: This is a screenshot of BookMyShow and Pykih has no relation with BookMyShow.

26. Let’s abstract
#cities
#movies
#cinemas
#shows

27. How it works?
#cities
#movies
#cinemas
#shows

28. Theoretically speaking
#cities
Interactivity is a graph problem and hence theoretically there can be n*n-1
relationships for every n nodes.
#movies
#shows
#cinemas

29. Problems with data interactivity
#1 - Messy Backend Code
#2 - No consistent way to propagate WHERE clauses
#3 - Managing complex interactivity

30. Conceptual Abstraction - Connector Object
Each PykQuery object has a scope: NODE or CONNECTOR
Connector PykQuery Object holds:
• where clauses
• “impacted by” and “impacts” relationships
Advantages
• Number of relationships are down to 8 from 12
• You debug only the connector object and not every one
#cities
#shows
#cinemas #moviesConnector

31. Step #5 - Define the interactivity
#cities
#shows
#movies#cinemas
Connector PykQuery Object

32. Problems with data interactivity
#1 - Messy Backend Code
#2 - No consistent way to propagate WHERE clauses
#3 - Managing complex interactivity
#4 - UI for the big data age is the browser (<5MB)
• The problem is further aggravated for Mobile WEB where not only is the
browser’s RAM less but the bandwidth is also poor.

33. Step #6 - Lazy load DB data. Query in-browser to render
Pull slices from DB and query them in-browser
Inspiration: Paging data between Cache, RAM and HDD
DB
Browser
Memory /
IndexedDB
Rendered
DOM
API
PykQuery
In-browser
Querying
PykQuery
DB
Querying

34. Example use case

35. Problems with in-browser querying
No good way of doing it
• DB querying and in-browser querying APIs are not same.
• In-browser querying is complex. Developers need to use individual functions,
think and write logic to build.
Native Underscore Crossfilter Angular
In-browser querying Yes Yes Yes No
In-browser data interactivity No No Yes No
Grouping two columns No Complex Complex No
Handles data across multiple
API responses
No Yes No No

36. In-Browser adapter on the PykQuery Object
• Same interface to write query
• Switch adapter attribute to “inbrowser" from “db”

37. Problems with data interactivity
#1 - Messy Backend Code
#2 - No consistent way to propagate WHERE clauses
#3 - Managing complex interactivity
#4 - UI for the big data age is the browser (<5MB)
#5 - Can we save interactivity states?
• You have a doctor or hospital discovery front-end. My friend’s father needs
urgent surgery and I’m helping him out to find the right hospital. I filter on your
UI to find the right hospitals. Next, I want to take the results found and share it
with my friend. How are we doing this today?

38. Today
• URL parameters
http://www.flipkart.com/laptops/pr?p%5B%5D=facets.price_range%255B
%255D%3DRs.%2B60001%2Band%2BAbove&sid=6bo
%2Cb5g&q=laptops&ref=704d2c01-1701-4abf-b0c3-6276d7bd24cc

39. Step #7 - Save the PykQuery Object!
• A built in function to list and delete filters
• Save a filtered scenario
• Load a saved scenario
• Create an animation from a list of saved interaction states
• Undo an interaction

40. Step #8 - Focus on design
With data in your browser, data interactivity
defined and taken care of, now your design team
can focus maximum time on building the right UX.

41. Philosophical Construct
Apps keep changing. Data is eternal.
The river is your primary app. but around it you will build multiple canals that will pull data from the river for
specific purposes. E.g. Why can’t a travel company build a micro-site that optimises on only Kumbh Mela
related travel. It internally reuses the same infrastructure.

42. PykQuery v/s JS Alternatives
Native Underscore Crossfilter Angular PykQuery
In-browser querying Yes Yes Yes No Yes
In-browser data
interactivity
No No Yes No Yes
Grouping two columns No Complex Complex No Yes
Handles data across
multiple API responses
No Yes No No
In-browser No
but DB yes
DB querying No No No No Yes
DB data interactivity No No No No Yes
Data Binding (DOM) No No No Yes No

43. Releasing
https://github.com/pykih/PykQuery.js — JS Library
https://github.com/pykih/PykQuery.rb — Backend code in Ruby for PostGreSQL

44. We are @pykih
http://PykCharts.com: 26 d3.js charts without the complexity of d3.js.

45. Countries Drop down Code
A JSON Object that encapsulates all types of SELECT queries (except joins).
<select id="c"></select>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.c = new PykQuery.init("aggregation", "node", “c”, "db");
c.dimensions = [“country”];
c.sort = [{“country”: "asc"}];
c.call();
var data = c.flushToGet();
for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){
$("#c").append('<option value='+data[i].country
+'>'+data[i].country+'</option>');
}
</script>

46. Languages Dropdown code
<select id="c"></select>
<select id="l"></select>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.l = new PykQuery.init("aggregation", "node", "l", "db");
l.dimensions = ["language"];
l.sort = [{"language": "asc"}];
l.executeOnFilter = function() {
var data = l.flushToGet();
for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){
$("#c").append('<option value='+data[i].language+'>'+data[i].language+'</
option>');
}
};
l.call();
c.addImpacts(["l"], false);
$("#c").change(function() {
c.addFilter([[{"column_name": "country",
"condition_type": "values",
"in": ["India"]}]], false, true);
});
</script>

47. addImpacts function
<select id="c"></select>
<select id="l"></select>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.l = new PykQuery.init("aggregation", "node", "l", "db");
l.dimensions = ["language"];
l.sort = [{"language": "asc"}];
l.executeOnFilter = function() {
var data = l.flushToGet();
for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){
$("#c").append('<option value='+data[i].language+'>'+data[i].language+'</
option>');
}
};
l.call();
c.addImpacts(["l"], false);
$("#c").change(function() {
c.addFilter([[{"column_name": "country",
"condition_type": "values",
"in": ["India"]}]], false, true);
});
</script>

48. addFilter function
<select id="c"></select>
<select id="l"></select>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.l = new PykQuery.init("aggregation", "node", "l", "db");
l.dimensions = ["language"];
l.sort = [{"language": "asc"}];
l.executeOnFilter = function() {
var data = l.flushToGet();
for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){
$("#c").append('<option value='+data[i].language+'>'+data[i].language+'</
option>');
}
};
l.call();
c.addImpacts(["l"], false);
$("#c").change(function() {
c.addFilter([[{"column_name": "country",
"condition_type": "values",
"in": ["India"]}]], false, true);
});
</script>

49. executeOnFilter
<select id="c"></select>
<select id="l"></select>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.l = new PykQuery.init("aggregation", "node", "l", "db");
l.dimensions = ["language"];
l.sort = [{"language": "asc"}];
l.executeOnFilter = function() {
var data = l.flushToGet();
for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){
$("#c").append('<option value='+data[i].language+'>'+data[i].language+'</
option>');
}
};
l.call();
c.addImpacts(["l"], false);
$("#c").change(function() {
c.addFilter([[{"column_name": "country",
"condition_type": "values",
"in": ["India"]}]], false, true);
});
</script>

50. The whole code
<select id="c"></select>
<select id="l"></select>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.l = new PykQuery.init("aggregation", "node", "l", "db");
l.dimensions = ["language"];
l.sort = [{"language": "asc"}];
l.executeOnFilter = function() {
var data = l.flushToGet();
for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){
$("#c").append('<option value='+data[i].language+'>'+data[i].language+'</
option>');
}
};
l.call();
c.addImpacts(["l"], false);
$("#c").change(function() {
c.addFilter([[{"column_name": "country",
"condition_type": "values",
"in": ["India"]}]], false, true);
});
</script>

51. In-browser querying
DB #raw data
Node DB
PykQuery Object
1.
Data:
country, language
US, English
US, Spanish
India, English
…
window.rawdata = new PykQuery.init("aggregation", "node", "rawdata", "db");
rawdata.dimensions = ["country","language"];
rawdata.call();

52. In-browser querying…
Connector Obj.
Flush
Raw data#raw data
Node DB
PykQuery Object
1.
2.
window.connector_pykquery = new PykQuery.init("connector", "connector",
"connector_pykquery", "inbrowser");
connector_pykquery.rawdata = JSON.parse(rawdata.flushToGet());

53. In-browser querying…
#countries
Node InBrowser
PykQuery Object
Connector Obj.
InBrowser Query
Data for Countries
2.
3.
#raw data
Node DB
PykQuery Object
1.
window.c = new PykQuery.init("aggregation", "node", "c", "inbrowser");
c.addImpacts(["connector_pykquery"], false);
c.dimensions = ["country"];
c.call();
var data = c.flushToGet();
//LOOP on variable data to add OPTIONS to dropdown countries (#c)

54. In-browser querying…
#countries
Node InBrowser
PykQuery Object
#languages
Node InBrowser
PykQuery Object
onSelect
3.
4.
#raw data
Node DB
PykQuery Object
1.
2.
Connector Obj.
window.l = new PykQuery.init("aggregation", "node", "l", "inbrowser");
connector_pykquery.addImpacts(["l"], false);
l.dimensions = ["language"];
l.executeOnFilter = function() {
var data = l.flushToGet();
//LOOP on variable data to add OPTIONS to dropdown languages (#l)
};
l.call();

55. In-browser querying…
#languages
Node InBrowser
PykQuery ObjectInBrowser Query
Data for Languages
4.
5.
#raw data
Node DB
PykQuery Object
1.
2.
Connector Obj.
#countries
Node InBrowser
PykQuery Object
3.
$("#c").change(function() {
c.addFilter([[{"column_name": "country", "condition_type": "values",
"in": ["India"]}]], false, true);
});