The document discusses adopting modern muffle furnace technology for the process of marana in Rasashastra instead of traditional puta furnaces. It defines puta and muffle furnaces, noting their similarities in isolating materials from fuel and allowing for gradual temperature changes. The muffle furnace structure and heating elements are described, and advantages like uniform heat distribution and easier temperature regulation are contrasted with disadvantages like higher electricity use. While puta allows heating anywhere and is cheaper, muffle furnaces offer more standardized, environmentally friendly heating better suited for large-scale bhasma production demanded today.

1. ADOPTING MODERN TECHNOLOGY INTO RASASHASTRA W.S.R TO
PUTAAND MUFFLE FURNACE
BY
Dr. RAHUL YASHAVANTH
IInd YEAR PG SCHOLAR
DEPT OF RASASHASTRA
SDMCA, UDUPI

2. INTRODUCTION
 Marana is a process by which metals and minerals are converted into a
consumable form (Bhasma), which makes them easily assimilable with higher
medicinal values.
 Puta is one of the major principles of marana. It indicates the quantum of heat
required for the paka of rasadi dravyas.
 To save the manual labour, prevention of pollution, bulk production and
ultimately for the better result the modern devices are the need of the time.
 Among the various types of furnace, muffle furnace can be correlated to puta.
Details of their working performance and output should be established, drying,
heating are the important steps hence before shifting on them temperature
pattern should be standardized and then these can be utilized.

3. DEFINITION
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5. FURNACE
 Derivation – Latin word “Fornax” meaning oven.
 An enclosure in which energy in a nonthermal form is converted to heat,
especially such an enclosure in which heat is generated by the combustion of a
suitable fuel.
 Muffle furnace is a furnace in which the subject material is isolated from the
fuel.
 It is usually a front-loading box-type oven or kiln for high-temperature
applications .
 The furnace is usually heated to desired temperatures
by conduction, convection or blackbody radiation from electrical resistance
heating elements.

6. STRUCTURE
 This muffle furnace is made of standard quality materials which make it
durable, reliable and perfect for long time use. The outer case or cabinet of this
muffle furnace is made of thick PCRC sheet. The case is painted with stove
enable that keeps the unit rust free.
 For heating elements class A-1 heating wires are used in coil form and
embedded in high grade refractory cement and backed by high temperature
ceramic wool insulation. This helps in keeping the unit safe from loss of
energy and also ensures uniform distribution of heat.
 The door comes with strong lid which can be used to open and close the unit at
any temperature. The temperature control unit comprises of regulator control
in front of the unit with pilot lamps

8. SIMILARITIES
 Both Puta and muffle furnace:-
 Are meant for high temperature applications.
 Subject material is isolated form the fuel.
 Gradual reduction in the temperature after heating.
 Available in different types depending upon the substance to be subjected for
heating.

10. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 MUFFLE FURNACE – ADVANTAGES
 Less labour work.
 Uniform distribution of heat
 Gradual increase and decrease in the temperature.
 Regulation of temperature.
 Temperature indicator.
 Envoirmental friendly.
 DISADVANTAGES
 Consumes more electricity.
 Not suitable in the areas prone to power cuts.

11.  PUTA – ADVANTAGES
 Can be given at any place .
 Cheap compared to muffle furnace.
 DISADVANTAGES
 Lack of availability of upala.
 Lack of standardization of upala.
 Difficulty in maintaining the temperature.
 More labour work.
 Temerature has to be recorded manually using a pyrometer.
 Climatic conditions can vary the temperature.
 Pits of various sizes are required for different puta.
 Maximum heat loss as it is a open structure.

12. CONCLUSION
 Marana literally means killing the metal and minerals which is possible by
subjecting a drug to a particular temperature through puta.
 In the present era where there is a huge demand for bhasma, preparation of the
same using a puta is not a convinent method due to lack of availability of fuel
and other reasons mentioned.
 On the other hand muffle furnace can be used instead of puta provided the
temperature pattern is standardized