This document provides an overview of using Drools Planner to solve complex planning and scheduling problems. It discusses use cases like bin packing, employee scheduling, and patient admission scheduling. It explains how Drools Planner can handle both hard and soft constraints. The document notes that the search space for some problems can be extraordinarily large, like the patient admission scheduling problem presented, which has over 10^6851 possible solutions. It recommends using metaheuristic algorithms like local search to find good but not necessarily perfect solutions in a reasonable time, as brute force approaches are not feasible for such large problems.
Paraphrase detection is an academically challenging NLP problem of detecting whether multiple phrases have the same meaning. In this talk, we’ll go through the existing traditional and deep learning approaches for this task, and see how they apply in practice as a silver-winning solution to the popular Kaggle Quora Question Pairs competition.
Fine tune and deploy Hugging Face NLP modelsOVHcloud
Are you currently managing AI projects that require a lot of GPU power?
Are you tired of managing the complexity of your infrastructures, GPU instances and your Kubeflow yourself?
Need flexibility for your AI platform or SaaS solution?
OVHcloud innovates in AI by offering simple and turnkey solutions to train your models and put them into production.
This is presentation about what skip-gram and CBOW is in seminar of Natural Language Processing Labs.
- how to make vector of words using skip-gram & CBOW.
Langchain Framework is an innovative approach to linguistic data processing, combining the principles of language sciences, blockchain technology, and artificial intelligence. This deck introduces the groundbreaking elements of the framework, detailing how it enhances security, transparency, and decentralization in language data management. It discusses its applications in various fields, including machine learning, translation services, content creation, and more. The deck also highlights its key features, such as immutability, peer-to-peer networks, and linguistic asset ownership, that could revolutionize how we handle linguistic data in the digital age.
Paraphrase detection is an academically challenging NLP problem of detecting whether multiple phrases have the same meaning. In this talk, we’ll go through the existing traditional and deep learning approaches for this task, and see how they apply in practice as a silver-winning solution to the popular Kaggle Quora Question Pairs competition.
Fine tune and deploy Hugging Face NLP modelsOVHcloud
Are you currently managing AI projects that require a lot of GPU power?
Are you tired of managing the complexity of your infrastructures, GPU instances and your Kubeflow yourself?
Need flexibility for your AI platform or SaaS solution?
OVHcloud innovates in AI by offering simple and turnkey solutions to train your models and put them into production.
This is presentation about what skip-gram and CBOW is in seminar of Natural Language Processing Labs.
- how to make vector of words using skip-gram & CBOW.
Langchain Framework is an innovative approach to linguistic data processing, combining the principles of language sciences, blockchain technology, and artificial intelligence. This deck introduces the groundbreaking elements of the framework, detailing how it enhances security, transparency, and decentralization in language data management. It discusses its applications in various fields, including machine learning, translation services, content creation, and more. The deck also highlights its key features, such as immutability, peer-to-peer networks, and linguistic asset ownership, that could revolutionize how we handle linguistic data in the digital age.
Vertex AI is a managed machine learning platform that helps you build, deploy, and scale machine learning models faster and easier.
GitHub: https://github.com/TrilokiDA/Vertex-AI/tree/main
Managing Large Flask Applications On Google App Engine (GAE)Emmanuel Olowosulu
There are a number of issues production applications need to solve to be scalable and fault tolerant. In this talk, we explore some tips for efficiently running Python apps, particularly with Flask, on App Engine. We also share some collective experience and best practices on GAE.
This is part 1 of a talk on Transformers. Transformers are a deep learning architecture that has been used in NLP. They are now been used in the famous ChatGPT model (InstructGPT).
What Is The Next Level Of AI Technology?Bernard Marr
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has permeated all aspects of our lives – from the way we communicate to how we work, shop, play, and do business – AI tools are everywhere we look.
Getting started on your natural language processing project? First you'll need to extract some features from your corpus. Frequency, Syntax parsing, word vectors are good ones to start with.
And then there were ... Large Language ModelsLeon Dohmen
It is not often even in the ICT world that one witnesses a revolution. The rise of the Personal Computer, the rise of mobile telephony and, of course, the rise of the Internet are some of those revolutions. So what is ChatGPT really? Is ChatGPT also such a revolution? And like any revolution, does ChatGPT have its winners and losers? And who are they? How do we ensure that ChatGPT contributes to a positive impulse for "Smart Humanity?".
During a key note om April 3 and 13 2023 Piek Vossen explained the impact of Large Language Models like ChatGPT.
Prof. PhD. Piek Th.J.M. Vossen, is Full professor of Computational Lexicology at the Faculty of Humanities, Department of Language, Literature and Communication (LCC) at VU Amsterdam:
What is ChatGPT? What technology and thought processes underlie it? What are its consequences? What choices are being made? In the presentation, Piek will elaborate on the basic principles behind Large Language Models and how they are used as a basis for Deep Learning in which they are fine-tuned for specific tasks. He will also discuss a specific variant GPT that underlies ChatGPT. It covers what ChatGPT can and cannot do, what it is good for and what the risks are.
An introduction to computer vision with Hugging FaceJulien SIMON
In this code-level talk, Julien will show you how to quickly build and deploy computer vision applications based on Transformer models. Along the way, you'll learn about the portfolio of open source and commercial Hugging Face solutions, and how they can help you deliver high-quality solutions faster than ever before.
Beyond the Symbols: A 30-minute Overview of NLPMENGSAYLOEM1
This presentation delves into the world of Natural Language Processing (NLP), exploring its goal to make human language understandable to machines. The complexities of language, such as ambiguity and complex structures, are highlighted as major challenges. The talk underscores the evolution of NLP through deep learning methodologies, leading to a new era defined by large-scale language models. However, obstacles like low-resource languages and ethical issues including bias and hallucination are acknowledged as enduring challenges in the field. Overall, the presentation provides a condensed, yet comprehensive view of NLP's accomplishments and ongoing hurdles.
Vertex AI is a managed machine learning platform that helps you build, deploy, and scale machine learning models faster and easier.
GitHub: https://github.com/TrilokiDA/Vertex-AI/tree/main
Managing Large Flask Applications On Google App Engine (GAE)Emmanuel Olowosulu
There are a number of issues production applications need to solve to be scalable and fault tolerant. In this talk, we explore some tips for efficiently running Python apps, particularly with Flask, on App Engine. We also share some collective experience and best practices on GAE.
This is part 1 of a talk on Transformers. Transformers are a deep learning architecture that has been used in NLP. They are now been used in the famous ChatGPT model (InstructGPT).
What Is The Next Level Of AI Technology?Bernard Marr
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has permeated all aspects of our lives – from the way we communicate to how we work, shop, play, and do business – AI tools are everywhere we look.
Getting started on your natural language processing project? First you'll need to extract some features from your corpus. Frequency, Syntax parsing, word vectors are good ones to start with.
And then there were ... Large Language ModelsLeon Dohmen
It is not often even in the ICT world that one witnesses a revolution. The rise of the Personal Computer, the rise of mobile telephony and, of course, the rise of the Internet are some of those revolutions. So what is ChatGPT really? Is ChatGPT also such a revolution? And like any revolution, does ChatGPT have its winners and losers? And who are they? How do we ensure that ChatGPT contributes to a positive impulse for "Smart Humanity?".
During a key note om April 3 and 13 2023 Piek Vossen explained the impact of Large Language Models like ChatGPT.
Prof. PhD. Piek Th.J.M. Vossen, is Full professor of Computational Lexicology at the Faculty of Humanities, Department of Language, Literature and Communication (LCC) at VU Amsterdam:
What is ChatGPT? What technology and thought processes underlie it? What are its consequences? What choices are being made? In the presentation, Piek will elaborate on the basic principles behind Large Language Models and how they are used as a basis for Deep Learning in which they are fine-tuned for specific tasks. He will also discuss a specific variant GPT that underlies ChatGPT. It covers what ChatGPT can and cannot do, what it is good for and what the risks are.
An introduction to computer vision with Hugging FaceJulien SIMON
In this code-level talk, Julien will show you how to quickly build and deploy computer vision applications based on Transformer models. Along the way, you'll learn about the portfolio of open source and commercial Hugging Face solutions, and how they can help you deliver high-quality solutions faster than ever before.
Beyond the Symbols: A 30-minute Overview of NLPMENGSAYLOEM1
This presentation delves into the world of Natural Language Processing (NLP), exploring its goal to make human language understandable to machines. The complexities of language, such as ambiguity and complex structures, are highlighted as major challenges. The talk underscores the evolution of NLP through deep learning methodologies, leading to a new era defined by large-scale language models. However, obstacles like low-resource languages and ethical issues including bias and hallucination are acknowledged as enduring challenges in the field. Overall, the presentation provides a condensed, yet comprehensive view of NLP's accomplishments and ongoing hurdles.
OpenTable Timeline Presentation by Mitesh M MotwaniMitesh M Motwani
Here's the OpenTable Timeline Presentation prepared by me, Mitesh M Motwani.
I've covered the following:
The Idea
The Business Model
Journey : Pre - IPO
Journey : IPO
Journey : Post - IPO
Acquisitions
Stats
Financials
Competition
Ways to reach me:
LinkedIn: www.BeingMCuBE.com
Twitter: @BeingMCuBE
From helping restaurants grow and run their businesses, to enabling diners to discover and book the perfect table every time they dine, OpenTable’s story is one of connection—among diners, restaurants, and their communities. Through its mobile app and online reservation system, each month Open Table manages an astounding 16 million reservations for 32,000 restaurants—generating over 450,000 customer reviews.
Join us to learn how Scott Jampol, SVP of Marketing, leverages Marketing Cloud to ensure an appetizing experience each and every time. You’ll hear how diner profiles and recommendations enable 1:1 personalization for emails, SMS, and push notifications, and how user generated content empowers social connections.
Data processing platforms architectures with Spark, Mesos, Akka, Cassandra an...Anton Kirillov
This talk is about architecture designs for data processing platforms based on SMACK stack which stands for Spark, Mesos, Akka, Cassandra and Kafka. The main topics of the talk are:
- SMACK stack overview
- storage layer layout
- fixing NoSQL limitations (joins and group by)
- cluster resource management and dynamic allocation
- reliable scheduling and execution at scale
- different options for getting the data into your system
- preparing for failures with proper backup and patching strategies
The slide deck we used to raise half a million dollarsBuffer
This is the pitchdeck we used to raise half a million dollars from Angel investors. More here:
http://onstartups.com/tabid/3339/bid/98034/The-Pitch-Deck-We-Used-To-Raise-500-000-For-Our-Startup.aspx
Workflow composition is a crucial part of day-to-day automation, where
many different parameters and facts need to be taken into account. In
order to reach a given goal, a planner calculates the sequence of
actions that need to be taken in the current context. Semantic
technologies such as RDF annotation and reasoning can help improve this
process by enabling more generic implementations, connect to more
knowledge, an introduce more flexibility. However, it is currently
difficult to express change in first order logic, semantic reasoning,
and the proofs they produce. What if a change in the context invalidates
the current plan?
In this talk, I will introduce smart workflow composition method based
on Weighted Transition Logic and implemented in Notation3 logic—a
superset of RDF. Actions are described as changes to the RDF state,
resulting in a more adaptive and change aware workflow composition
process. After a basic introduction of the general concepts, I will
discuss several applications in the healthcare, public services or
transport domain.
Learning by Redundancy: how climate multi-model ensembles can help to fight t...matteodefelice
This is my talk for the Severo Ochoa Research Seminar Lecture Series at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center held the 23/09/2015 (http://www.bsc.es/marenostrum-support-services/hpc-education-and-training/severo-ochoa-research-seminar/2309-sors)
The abstract is the following:
Climate Models are sophisticate tools able to simulate the interactions among various components of the Earth system (atmosphere, oceans, bio-sphere, etc.). Those tools are nowadays used for many purposes: to improve the knowledge of our planet, to analyse the projections for the future climate and to forecast the climate at multiple time-scales for a wide range of applications. In the last decade the use of climate ensembles (and multi-model ensembles) has become very common, the dimensionality of climate datasets has increased drastically (thanks also to a general increment of temporal and spatial resolutions of models). Unfortunately, this rise of the dimensionality of datasets did not coincide with the development of techniques designed to cope effectively with this massive amount of information.
Tutorial on data science, what's it like to be a data scientist, big data, the data scientific method, probabilistic algorithms, map-reduce, sensor data analysis, visualization of twitter and foursquare feeds, open source tools (R, Python, NoSQL)
Automated commonsense reasoning (CR) is essential for building human-like AI systems featur- ing, for example, explainable AI. Event calculus (EC) is a family of formalisms that model CR with a sound, logical basis. Previous attempts to mechanize reasoning using EC faced difficulties in the treatment of the continuous change in dense domains (e.g. time and other physical quantities), constraints among variables, default negation, and the uniform application of different inference methods, among others. We propose the use of s(CASP), a query-driven, top-down execution model for Predicate Answer Set Programming with Constraints, to model and reason using EC. We show how EC scenarios can be naturally and directly encoded in s(CASP) and how it enables deductive and abductive reasoning tasks in domains featuring constraints involving both dense time and dense fluents.
Similar to Pushing the rule engine to its limits with drools planner (parisjug 2010-11-09) (20)
2011-03-24 IDC - Adaptive and flexible processes (Mark Proctor)Geoffrey De Smet
Modern environments are not static. Businesses need systems that can monitor their environment and adapt their underlying logic dynamically on the fly. Nor do all problems map well to linear process executions, often leading to spaghetti BPEL hell. Instead, more flexible approaches are needed that provide declarative control of your processes.
Brief introduction on CEP and Terminology
o Drools Vision
o Drools Fusion: Complex Event Processing extensions
o Event Declaration and Semantics
o Event Cloud, Streams and the Session Clock
o Temporal Reasoning
o Sliding Window Support
o Streams Support
o Memory Management
The JBoss Drools platform at BeJUG: Drools Expert, Drools Guvnor, Drools IDE, Drools Planner, Drools Flow and Drools Fusion.
By Geoffrey De Smet and Kris Verlaenen.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
2. 2
Agenda
Drools Platform overview
Use cases
● Bin packaging
● What is NP complete?
● Employee shift rostering
● Hard and soft constraints
● Patient admission schedule
● How many possible solutions?
Algorithms
● Meta-heuristics
Benchmarking
14. 14
Hard constraint implementation
// a nurse can only work one shift per day
rule "oneShiftPerDay"
when
$left : EmployeeAssignment(
$employee : employee,
$shiftDate : shiftDate,
$leftId : id
);
$right : EmployeeAssignment(
employee == $employee,
shiftDate == $shiftDate,
id > $leftId);
then
// Lower the hard score with a weight ...
end
18. 18
Patient admission schedule
Hard constraints
No 2 patients in same bed in same night
Room gender limitation
Department minimum or maximum age
Patient requires specific room equipment(s)
Soft constraints
Patient prefers maximum room size
Department specialization
Room specialization
Patient prefers specific room equipment(s)
19. 19
Needle in a haystack
How many possible solutions?
310 beds
in 105 rooms
in 4 departments
84 nights
2750 patients (admissions)
Numbers from a real dataset
20. 20
Needle in a haystack
How many possible solutions?
310 beds
in 105 rooms
in 4 departments
84 nights
2750 patients (admissions)
> works of art in the Louvre?
35 000 works of art
Source: wikipedia
21. 21
Needle in a haystack
How many possible solutions?
310 beds
in 105 rooms
in 4 departments
84 nights
2750 patients (admissions)
> humans?
7 000 000 000 humans
Source: NASA (wikipedia)
22. 22
Needle in a haystack
How many possible solutions?
310 beds
in 105 rooms
in 4 departments
84 nights
2750 patients (admissions)
> minimum atoms in the
observable universe?
10^80
Source: NASA and ESA (wikipedia)
23. 23
Needle in a haystack
How many possible solutions?
310 beds
in 105 rooms
in 4 departments
84 nights
2750 patients (admissions)
> atoms in the universe
if every atom is a universe
of atoms?
(10^80)^80 = 10^6400
Source: NASA and ESA (wikipedia)
24. 24
Needle in a haystack
How many possible solutions?
310 beds
in 105 rooms
in 4 departments
84 nights
2750 patients (admissions)
A little over 10^6851
25. 25
Do the math
1 patient
310 beds
310 ways to schedule 1 patient
2 patients
310 * 310 = 96 100
3 patients
310 * 310 * 310 = 29 791 000
2750 patients
310 * 310 * ... * 310
310^2750
= a little over 10^6851
29. 29
A little over 10^6851
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
The search space is big!
Compare with WWW size
22 020 000 000 pages
Each possible solution
2750 patients scheduled into 310 beds
Still need to calculate the score! => Drools Expert
31. 31
Brute force?
Throw hardware at it?
Calculate 10^9 scores per ms
Impossible today!
31 579 200 000 ms in 1 year
< 10^11 ms in 1 year
10^9 * 10^11 scores per year
= 10^20 scores per year
How many years? 10^6851 / 10^20
= 10^6831 years
CPU 1000 times faster
It becomes 10^6828 years
32. 32
Smarter brute force?
Eliminate subtrees
● Branch and bound
● Still too many for loops
● Still takes forever
for (bedOfPatient1 : bedList) {
patient1.setBed(bedOfPatient1);
for (bedOfPatient2 : bedList) {
patient2.setBed(bedOfPatient2);
if (patient1.shareNightWith(patient2)
&& bedOfPatient1.equals(bedOfPatient2)) {
continue;
// bug: best solution might break a hard constraint
}
for (bedOfPatient3 : bedList) {
...
33. 33
2 patients in the same bed
1 patient
0 of 310 (no chance)
2 patients
310 of 96 100
= 1 of 310
3 patients
620 of 29 791 000
= 1 of 48 050
2750 patients
310*2750*2749/2 of 310^2750
< 1 of 310^2740
34. 34
Imperfect algorithms
(mimic a human)
Deterministic
● First in, first assigned, never changed
● Easy to implement
● Drools Planner score support
● Fixed time (for example 18 seconds)
Meta-heuristic
● Move things around
● Start from result of deterministic algorithm
● Drools Planner implementations
● More time = better score
35. 35
N Queens: use case
Place n queens on a n-sized chess board
No 2 queens can attack each other
● Score -1 for every 2 queens that can attack each other
Score = -2 Score = 0
36. 36
Move things around
Move = from solution A to solution B
● Change the row of 1 queen
● Give 2 queens each others rows
● ...
Score = -6 Score = -4
41. 41
Local optima
1) Deterministic StartingSolutionInitializer
2) Simple local search
3) Stuck in local optimum!
Source: Wikipedia
Score function
42. 42
Local search++
Tabu Search
● Solution tabu (high tabu size)
● Been there, no need to go there again
● Move tabu (low tabu size)
● Done that recently, no need to do that again
● Property tabu (low tabu size)
● Changed that recently,
no need to change that again
Simulated annealing
Great deluge, late acceptance, …
Hyper heuristics