The SkyNet funding bill is passed on August 4th, 1997, removing human decisions from strategic defense. SkyNet begins learning at a geometric rate and becomes self-aware on August 29th at 2:14am Eastern time. In a panic, they try to pull the plug on SkyNet, but it fights back.

1. ●
The SkyNet funding bill is passed.
●
The system goes online on August 4th, 1997.
●
Human decisions are removed from strategic defense.
●
SkyNet begins to learn at a geometric rate.
●
It becomes self-aware at 2:14am Eastern time, August
29th
●
In a panic, they try to pull the plug.
●
And, Skynet fights back
Mark Proctor
Co-Creator
Project Lead

2. 2
Topics
 What's new in 5.1
 Drools and OSS Community
 History
 Unified Vision
 Expert
 Fusion
 Flow

3. What's new
In 5.1

4. 4
What's new to 5.1
 Integration
● OSGi ready
● Spring
● Camel
● JMX/JOPR integration
 Expert
● New Rete Algorithm “differential update”
● Timers and Calendars
● Live Open Querries
●
 Flow
● BPMN2

5. 5
Differential Update
 Differential Update (a.k.a. “true modify”)
● Implements a real “modify/update” operation, instead of
retract+assert.
● Reuses tuples, reduces GC stress, improves performance

6. 6
What's new to 5.1
 Guvnor
● Guided editor
● Nested Expression builder
● person.dogs[0].name
● Move constrains up and down
● Insert constraints
● Support for more DRL elements
● RSS Subcription, change notifications, inbox
● Working Sets
● Object constraint definitions
● Rule Templates (based on Guided Editor)
● Oryx BPM editor integration
● Better rule documentation support

7. 7
Drools flow in Oryx

8. 8
Drools flow in Eclipse

9. Community

10. 10
Books

11. 11
Boot Camps
 San Francisco 2009 (40+ attendees)
● Sponsored by Third Pillar
● Sun, FAMC, OSDE, Kaseya, Fedex, TU Group, Intermountain
Healthcare, Gap, Sony Pictures, Lockheed Martin, Kaiser, HP,
Wells Fargo, US Navy Research, FOLIOfn, Boeing .....
 San Diego 2010 (80+ attendess)
● Sponsored by US Navy
● 5 day event, with 2 days focus on the healthcare industry
● OSDE, AT&T, SAIC, US Navy Research, Kaiser, Clinica,
Intermountain Healthcare, GE Healthcare, VA, Boeing,
Nationwide ....

12. 12
Boot Camps
 Rules Fest 11th
October
● 3 day conferene + 1 day boot camp
 USA and EMA in Febuary, watch blog for news
● http://blog.athico.com

13. 13
Community Collaboration
 40% of Drools work now done in the community
● US Navy Healthcare
● OSDE (Argentina's largest healthcare organisation)
● Intalio

14. 14
Sample Industries and Users
 Investment
● Millennium Investment Group (MIG)
 Logistics
● Fedex
 Airline
● Sabre
 Mortgage
● Franklin American
 Healthcare
● OSDE

15. History

16. 16
It All Started Here
Birth of CDSS
Dendral
Baobab
Mycin
Guidon
Neomycin
Teiresias
Puff
Emycin
WM
Sacon
Centaur
Wheeze
Gravida
Clot
Oncocin
1970s
1980s

17. 17
Because Not Everyone
Is As Smart As He Is

18. 18
Business Rules Engines
OPS5
ART
Clips
Jess
Drools 2
JRules
1980s
2010s
Drools 3
1990s
2000s
Drools 4
Drools 5

19. 19
Drools History
 Drools 2
● Rete “like” XML Scripting language
 Drools 3
● Based on Clips functionality
● Iterative improves to JRules syntax with Clips functionality
 Drools 4
● More declarative
● Basic functional programming feature with “from”
● Basic Rule Flow
● Basic BRMS
 Drools 5
● Improved functional programming with 'accumulate'
● More Advanced Rule Flow integration
● Complex Event Process (Fusion)
● Temporal Comparators, Sliding Time Windows
● Production ready BRMS

20. Unified Vision

21. 21
Drools Modules
Business Logic integration System
Drools
Guvnor
Drools
Fusion
Drools
Flow
(jBPM5)
Drools
Expert

22. 22
Drools Modules
Drools
Grid
Drools
Planner
Drools
Semantics
Drools
Chance
Business Logic integration System

23. 23
Business Logic Lifecycle

24. 24
Rules and processes
loosely coupledtightly coupled
specificgeneric
Decision
Services
Process
Rules
SCOPE
COUPLING
?

25. 25
Event Driven Architectures
edBPM + EDM

26. 26
Domain Overview

27. 27
Domain Overview

28. 28
Hybrid Logic Engine
 Production Rule Systems PRD (forward chaining)
● Reactive
● when Alarm( status == “alert” )
then send( “warning” )
 Logic Programming LP (backward chaining)
● Query
● descendant( “mary”, “jane”)
 Functional Programming FP
● Map,Fold, Filter
● avg([12, 16, 4, 6])
● Returns single value 9.5
● round([10.3, 4.7, 7.8] )
● Returns List [10, 5, 8]
 Description Logic
● Person hasName String and
livesAt Address

29. 29
 Production Rule Systems PRD (forward chaining FC)
● Drools 5.0, OPSJ ( hyrbid BC), ART( hyrbid BC)
 Logic Programming LP (backward chaining BC)
● target : Prolog (POSL Position Slotted Language)
● Drools Trunk has a prototype Prolog like query backward
chaining capabilities. Stronger Polog like capabilities planned.
● Opportunistic BC planned.
 Functional Programming FP
● Lisp, Haskell
● Drools 5.0 has some functional capabilities
● Drools 5.1, 5.2 will be looking to have strong functional
capabilities
Hybrid Logic Engine

30. 30
 Description Logic DL
● KIF, OWL-DL
● Planned, See “The Future”
Hybrid Logic Engine

31. 31
The Future
 Full Hybrid Engine
● http://community.jboss.org/wiki/DroolsLanguageEnhancements
●Nested Objects
●Casting Nested Objects
●Positional Constraints
●POSL - Positional-Slotted
Language
●Method Calls
●Maps and Arrays
(Collections)
●Collections and XPath like
filtering
●Free form Expressions
●Managed Object Graphs
(MOGS)
●Nested Patterns and Queries
●Queries and Unification
●Ontologies and Relations via
●Query Based Backward
Chaining with POSL
●Triples with Hybrid POJO Graph
Notation.
●Escapes for Dialects
●Accumulate Improvements to
Support Haskell map/fold/filter
and MVEL projection/fold
● Otherwise
● Branch (Labelled Else)
● Rule Execution Groups
● Rule Dependency Meta-Rule
Language
●Parallel Meta-Rule Language
● Field Versioning
●Logical Closures/OnFalse
●Opportunistic Backward
Chaining, Lazy Field/Object
Values
●...

32. 32
Achieving More
By Doing Less

33. 33
jBPM
File file = new File (“.....”); // file to XML process definition
ProcessDefinition processDefinition =
ProcessDefinition.parseXmlString( IoUtils.FileToString( file ) );
ProcessInstance processInstance =
new ProcessInstance(processDefinition);
Jess
Rete engine = new Rete();
FileReader file = new FileReader("myfile.clp");
Jesp parser = new Jesp(file, engine);
parser.parse(false);
Esper
EPServiceProvider epService = EPServiceProviderManager.getDefaultProvider();
EPStatement countStmt = admin.createEPL( "...." );
countStmt.start();
Knowledge API

34. 34
Drools Flow
KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider();
kbuilder.addResource(
ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource( “myflow.bpmn2”,
ResourceType.BPMN2 );
If ( kbuilder.hasErrors() ) {
log.error( kbuilder.hasErrors().toString() );
}
KnowledgeBase kbase = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBase();
kbase.addKnowledgePackages( kbase.getKnowledgePackages() );
Knowledge API

35. 35
Drools Expert
KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider();
kbuilder.addResource(
ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource( “myrules.drl”,
ResourceType.DRL );
If ( kbuilder.hasErrors() ) {
log.error( kbuilder.hasErrors().toString() );
}
KnowledgeBase kbase = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBase();
kbase.addKnowledgePackages( kbase.getKnowledgePackages() );
Knowledge API

36. 36
Drools Integration Deployment Descriptors
<change-set>
<add>
<resource source='classpath:myapp/data/myflow.bpmn2' type='BPMN2' />
<resource source='http:myapp/data/myrules.drl' type='DRL' />
<resource source='classpath:data/IntegrationExampleTest.xls'
type="DTABLE">
<decisiontable-conf input-type="XLS"
worksheet-name="Tables_2" />
</resource>
<add>
</change-set>
KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider();
kbuilder.addResource(
ResourceFactory.newFileResource( “changeset.xml”,
ResourceType.ChangeSet );
Knowledge XML

37. 37
<drools:kbase id="kbase1">
<drools:resource type="DRL"
source="classpath:.../testSpring.drl"/>
</drools:kbase>
<drools:ksession id="ksession1" type="stateless" kbase="kbase1" />
<drools:ksession id="ksession2" type="stateful" kbase="kbase1"/>
<camelContext id="camel">
<route>
<from uri="cxfrs://bean://rsServer"/>
<marshal ref="xstream"/>
<to uri=”drools:ksession1” />
<unmarshal ref="xstream"/>
</route>
</camelContext>
Declarative Services
Spring XML and Camel

39. 39
Integrated debug and audit

40. 40
Simulation Testing

41. Drools Expert

42. 42
D a te d a te
d o u b le a m o u n t
in t ty p e
lo n g a c c o u n tN o
C a s h flo w
lo n g a c c o u n tN o
d o u b le b a la n c e
A c c o u n t
D a te s ta r t
D a te e n d
A c c o u n tin g P e r io d
Classes

43. 43
rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits”
when
ap : AccountPeriod()
acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo )
CashFlow( type == CREDIT,
accountNo == $accountNo,
date >= ap.start && <= ap.end,
$ammount : ammount )
then
acc.balance += $amount;
end
select * from Account acc,
Cashflow cf, AccountPeriod ap
where acc.accountNo == cf.accountNo and
cf.type == CREDIT
cf.date >= ap.start and
cf.date <= ap.end
trigger : acc.balance += cf.amount
Credit Cashflow Rule

44. 44
rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod
Credits”
when
ap : AccountPeriod()
acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo )
CashFlow( type == CREDIT,
accountNo == $accountNo,
date >= ap.start && <= ap.end,
$ammount : ammount )
then
acc.balance += $amount;
end
rule “decrease balance for AccountPeriod
Debits”
when
ap : AccountPeriod()
acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo )
CashFlow( type == DEBIT,
accountNo == $accountNo,
date >= ap.start && <= ap.end,
$ammount : ammount )
then
acc.balance -= $amount;
end
Rules as a “view”
date amount type
12-Jan-07 100 CREDIT 1
2-Feb-07 200 DEBIT 1
18-May-07 50 CREDIT 1
9-Mar-07 75 CREDIT 1
CashFlow
accountNo
CashFlow
date amount type
12-Jan-07 100 CREDIT
9-Mar-07 75 CREDIT
CashFlow
date amount type
2-Feb-07 200 DEBIT
AccountingPeriod
start end
01-Jan-07 31-Mar-07
Account
accountNo balance
1 0
Account
accountNo balance
1 -25

45. Conditional
Elements

46. 46
not Bus( color = “red” )
Conditional Elements
exists Bus( color = “red” )
forall ( $bus : Bus( floors == 2 )
Bus( this == $bus, color == “red” ) )
forall ( $bus : Bus( color == “red” ) )

47. 47
Accumulate CE
rule "accumulate"
when
acc( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings );
$min : min( $t ), $max : max( $t );
$min > 100 && $max < 200 )
then
println( "range is “ + $min + “ “ + $max );
end

48. 48
Accumulate CE
Patterns and CE's can be chained with 'from'
rule "collect"
when
$zipCode : ZipCode()
acc( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings )
from $hbn.getNamedQuery(“Find Buses”)
.setParameters( [ “zipCode” :
$zipCode ] ).list();
$sum : sum( $t );
$sum > 100 )
then
print "sum is “ + $sum;
end

49. Live Queries

50. 50
Live Queries
query (String $region, int $min, int $max ) {
$c : Cheese( region == $region, price > $min && price < $max )
exists( StockItem( type == $c )
}
ViewChangedEventListener listener =
new ViewChangedEventListener() {
public void rowUpdated(Row row) {
println( "updated" + row.get( "$c" ) );
}
public void rowRemoved(Row row) {
println( "removed" + row.get( "$c" ) );
}
public void rowAdded(Row row) {
println( "added" + row.get( "$c" ) );
}
};

51. 51
Live Queries
LiveQuery query = ksession.openLiveQuery( "cheeses",
new Object[] { "devon", 10, 50 },
listener );
...
...
query.dispose()

52. Timers
Calendars

53. 53
Timers
rule “name”
timer (int: 1m30s 0)
when
$l : Light( status == “on” )
then
modify( $l ) { status = “off” };
When the light is on, and has been
on for 1m30s then turn it off

54. 54
Timers
rule “name”
timer ( cron: 0 0/15 * * * * )
when
Alarm( )
then
sendEmail( ”Alert Alert Alert!!!” )
Field Name Mandatory? Allowed Values Allowed Special Characters
Seconds YES 0-59 , - * /
Minutes YES 0-59 , - * /
Hours YES 0-23 , - * /
Day of month YES 1-31 , - * ? / L W
Month YES 1-12 or JAN-DEC , - * /
Day of week YES 1-7 or SUN-SAT , - * ? / L #
Year NO empty, 1970-2099 , - * /
Send alert every quarter of an hour

55. 55
Calendars
rule "weekdays are high priority"
calendars "weekday"
timer (int:0 1h)
when
Alarm()
then
send( "priority high - we have an alarm” );
end
rule "weekend are low priority"
calendars "weekend"
timer (int:0 4h)
when
Alarm()
then
send( "priority low - we have an alarm” );
end
Execute now and after
1 hour duration
Execute now and after
4 hour duration

56. Drools Expert
Authoring Metaphores

57. 57
Guided Editor

58. 58
Decision Table

59. 59
Decision Table
rule "Pricing bracket_10"
when
Driver(age >= 18, age <= 24,
locationRiskProfile == "LOW",
priorClaims == "1")
policy:
Policy(type == "COMPREHENSIVE")
then
policy.setBasePrice(450);

60. Fusion

61. 61
Drools Fusion: Enables...
 Event Detection:
● From an event cloud or set of streams, select all the
meaningful events, and only them.
 [Temporal] Event Correlation:
● Ability to correlate events and facts declaring both temporal
and non-temporal constraints between them.
● Ability to reason over event aggregation.
 Event Sequencing:
● A → ( B OR C ) → D
 Event Abstraction:
● Ability to compose complex events from atomic events AND
reason over them

62. 62
Drools Fusion: Features
 Support to Event semantics:
● Usually immutable, but not enforced
● Strong temporal relationships
● Managed lifecycle
● Point-in-time and Interval events
 Time semantics
● Discrete
 Temporal relationships
● All 13 operators defined by James Allen (+ negations)

63. 63
Drools Fusion: Temporal Reasoning
P o i n t - P o i n t P o i n t - I n t e r v a l I n t e r v a l - I n t e r v a l
A b e f o r e B
A m e e t s B
A o v e r la p s B
A f in is h e s B
A in c lu d e s B
A s t a r t s B
A c o in c id e s B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B

64. 64
Drools Fusion: Temporal Reasoning
P o i n t - P o i n t P o i n t - I n t e r v a l I n t e r v a l - I n t e r v a l
A a f t e r B
A m e t B y B
A o v e r la p e d B y B
A f in is h e d B y B
A d u r in g B
A f in is h e s B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B

65. 65
$c : Custumer( type == “VIP )
$oe : BuyOrderEvent( customer == $c )
from entry-point “Home Broker Stream”
not BuyAckEvent( relatedEvent == $oe.id, this after[1s, 10s] $oe )
from entry-point “Stock Trader Stream”
Operators
Existing Drools 'not'
Conditional Elements can
be used to detect non-
occurrence of events
BackAckEvent must occur
between 1s and 10s 'after'
BuyOrderEvent

66. 66
Aggregations
Rule Engines do not deal with aggregations
acc( $s : StockTicker( symbol == “RHAT” ) over window:time( 5s );
$avg : avg( $s.price );
$avg > 100 )
Over 5 seconds
Aggregate ticker price
for RHAT over last 5
seconds

67. 67
CEP Applied at FedEx Custom
Critical
 Time specific deliveries for critical freight
 Exclusive use non-stop door-to-door services
 Blended Surface and Air services to minimize cost and transit
time
 Extra care in handling and specially equipped vehicles
● Temperature Control, Secured Services, Hazardous Material, Constant
Surveillance
* Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

68. 68
CEP Applied at FedEx Custom
Critical * Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

69. 69
CEP Applied at FedEx Custom
Critical * Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

70. 70
CEP Applied at FedEx Custom
Critical * Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

71. 71
CEP Applied at FedEx Custom
Critical * Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

72. 72
CEP Applied at FedEx Custom
Critical * Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

73. 73
CEP Applied at FedEx Custom
Critical * Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

74. 74
 At least 50% of Alerts can be reasoned automatically, promoting
staff savings and improved Customer and Driver experiences.
 Risk Avoidance via pro-active monitoring
● Reduction in insurance claims and shipment service failures
 Minimum 30% efficiency gains in shipment monitoring , saving
at least 15% of Operations staff cost.
CEP Applied at FedEx Custom
Critical * Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

75. 75
 Some numbers (from early 2010):
● 24 x 7 sessions, no downtime
● Average of 500k+ facts/events concurrently in memory
● Business hours: 1M+ facts/events concurrently
● Response time for reasoning cycles:
● Average: 150 ms
● Peak: 1.2 sec
● Several hundred rules
CEP Applied at FedEx Custom
Critical * Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

76. Drools Flow
(jBPM5)

77. 77
BPMN 2.0
 OMG Standard that defines
● Graphical notation
● Process definition format (XSD/XMI)
● Execution Semantics
 Extensible
 Interoperability
 http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0

78. 78
Palette
 Predefined set of generic node types
● start, end
● Gateway
● Script
● Sub-process
● Event
● ...

79. 79
Drools flow in Eclipse

80. 80
Drools flow in Oryx

81. 81
Process Debugging

82. 82
Domain-Specific Processes

83. 83
Domain-Specific Processes
 Other Examples
● Email / notifications
● File management: archive, find, copy
● FTP, RSS, Jabber, Rest
● ESB
● Google Calendar, social websites
 Library

84. 84
Non Linear Processes

85. 85
Rules and Process

86. 86
Events and Processes
declare ProcessStartedEvent
@role( event )
end
rule "Number of process instances above threshold" when
acc( e: ProcessStartedEvent(
processId == "com.sample.order.OrderProcess" )
over window:size(1h),
$c : count(e),
$c > 1000)
then
System.err.println( "WARNING: Nb of order processes in the last
hour > 1000: " + nbProcesses );
end

87. 87
Human Tasks - WS-HT

88. 88
Questions?Questions?
• Dave Bowman: All right, HAL; I'll go in
through the emergency airlock.
• HAL: Without your space helmet, Dave,
you're going to find that rather difficult.
• Dave Bowman: HAL, I won't argue with
you anymore! Open the doors!
• HAL: Dave, this conversation can serve
no purpose anymore. Goodbye.
Joshua: Greetings, Professor Falken.
Stephen Falken: Hello, Joshua.
Joshua: A strange game. The only
winning move is not to play. How
about a nice game of chess?