Puppeteer is a Node library that provides a high-level API to control Chrome or Chromium using the DevTools Protocol. It allows users to take screenshots, generate PDFs, automate form submissions, and test Chrome extensions through programmatic control of the browser. Some key features include taking screenshots, generating PDFs, automating UI interactions and testing across different devices. The documentation provides code samples for taking screenshots of pages, generating PDFs, automating form submission, and testing a page across different emulated devices.