There are many common punctuation marks including periods, commas, colons, apostrophes, dashes, ellipses, exclamation points, hyphens, parentheses, question marks, quotation marks, and semicolons. Each punctuation mark has specific uses such as separating elements in a list (comma), showing possession (apostrophe), introducing a list (colon), emphasizing a statement (exclamation point), and connecting independent clauses (semicolon). Proper use of punctuation helps clarify meaning and improve readability.