Public policy beyond the nation-state refers to the development and implementation of policies that transcend national borders and involve cooperation and coordination among multiple countries or international actors. This approach recognizes that many contemporary challenges, such as climate change, migration, terrorism, and global health pandemics, cannot be effectively addressed by individual nations acting alone. Here are some key aspects of public policy beyond the nation-state: Multilateralism: Multilateralism involves cooperation among multiple countries through international organizations, treaties, and agreements to address common challenges. Examples include the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and regional bodies like the European Union and the African Union. Multilateral approaches allow countries to pool resources, share expertise, and negotiate.

1. Welcome to our Presentation e

2. Public Policy beyond the Nation-state
Course Code: 0314 16 Soc 5107
Course Title: Public Policy Formulation and Analysis
Presented By (Group F)
Marazana Houqe Mitu (241606)
Srabonty Sadhu (241614)
Ashik Mondal (241622)
Rafid Rahman (241631)

3. Introduction
Public policy beyond the nation-state refers to the idea that
some policy issues and challenges extend beyond the
borders of individual countries and require coordinated
efforts on a global scale. In an increasingly interconnected
world, where problems like climate change, transnational
crime, and global health crises transcend national
boundaries, addressing these issues effectively often
requires collaboration and cooperation among multiple
nations.

4. Interconnectedness of the world
 Global Trade Networks
 Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
 Financial Markets
 Migration and Cultural Exchange
 Climate Change
 Trade and Economics
 International Organizations
 Cybersecurity
 Global Health
 Transnational Crime and Terrorism

5. Globalization and Public Policy
 Globalization puts pressure on nations to reduce tariffs,
subsidies and other barriers to free trade. This promotes
economic growth, creates jobs, makes companies more
competitive and lowers prices for consumers. Spurring
economic development.
 At its core, globalization encompasses a vast web of
economic, cultural, social, and political connections and
processes that regularly surpass national borders.
 This phenomenon necessitates the examination of public
policy from perspectives that span both national and
transnational domains.
 Furthermore, globalization exerts its influence on both
developed and developing countries alike

6. Example of Public Policy beyond the Nation-state
Climate change poses a significant threat to the planet, impacting ecosystems, weather
patterns, and human societies. The key challenges include rising global temperatures, sea
level rise, extreme weather events, and disruptions to ecosystems
Temperature Increase
Sea Level Rise
Extreme Weather Events
Biodiversity Loss
International Agreements
Kyoto Protocol (1997)
Paris Agreement (2015)
Climate Diplomacy

7. Global Health Governance
Public health transcends national borders, as diseases can spread
rapidly in our interconnected world. Global health focuses on
addressing health issues that affect populations worldwide and
requires collaborative efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to
health threats.
Examples of International Responses to Pandemics:
•COVID-19 (2019-present)
•Ebola Outbreak (2014-2016)
•HIV/AIDS Pandemic (ongoing)

8. Role of Global Health Organizations
 World Health Organization (WHO)
 UNICEF (United Nations International Children's
Emergency Fund
 The Global Fund
 Coalitions and Partnerships

9. International Trade and Economic Policies
The modern world is characterized by a high degree of
economic interdependence, where nations are interconnected
through international trade, finance, and investment. This
interconnectedness implies that economic events in one country
can have widespread repercussions globally.
•Economic Growth
•Job Creation
•Foreign Exchange
•Technology Transfer

10. Financial Institutions
•International Monetary Fund (IMF)
•World Bank
•WTO (World Trade Organization)
The role of institutions like the IMF in influencing
economic policies:
•Crisis Intervention
•Policy Advice
•Surveillance

11. Human Rights and International Norms
International Human Rights Treaties:
Such as the International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights (ICESCR), in codifying human rights
principles.
International Organizations and Human Rights
Bodies:
The role of international organizations,
particularly the United Nations (UN), in
promoting and monitoring human rights.

12. Migration and Refugees
 International Cooperation: Bilateral and multilateral agreements
 Humanitarian Assistance:United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR)
 Border Security and Management
Terrorism and Transnational Crime international
agreements
 United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime (UNTOC)
 International Maritime Organization (IMO) Conventions
 INTERPOL General Assembly Resolutions
 Bilateral and Regional Agreements

13. Global Social Policy
Global social policy refers to the set of principles, strategies, and actions
developed and implemented on an international scale to address social challenges
and promote well-being across nations. It encompasses a range of issues,
including poverty, education, healthcare, human rights, and social justice.
Examples of Global Social Policies:
•Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): Adopted by the United
Nations, the UDHR serves as a foundational document guiding global efforts to
protect and promote human rights universally.
•Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The SDGs outline a comprehensive
set of global targets to address poverty, hunger, health, education, gender
equality, and environmental sustainability by 2030.
•International Labor Organization (ILO) Conventions: The ILO establishes
international labor standards through conventions addressing issues such as
workers' rights, child labor, and workplace safety

14. The Impact of Globalization on Welfare States
Normative Impact
•International Discourse: Globalization involves discussions and shared
beliefs on how societies should function on a global scale. This influences
social policies by promoting certain norms and values. For example,
international agreements may advocate for human rights, gender equality,
and environmental sustainability as integral components of social policy.
Practical Impact
•Constraints on Social Policy: Globalization can limit a country's ability to
shape its own social policies due to international pressures or agreements.
For instance, a nation may face restrictions on certain social policies to align
with international standards, impacting its autonomy in decision-making.
•Reduced Fiscal Capacity: As countries engage in global trade, they might face
challenges in financing social policies domestically. This could happen
when resources that could be allocated to social programs are instead
directed towards addressing economic demands from the global market.

15. There are two primary scenarios in the context of
globalization and policy choices:
1.Convergence Thesis
2.Race to the Bottom Thesis
Three distinct streams can be identified
• Global social politics and policy prescriptions
• Global social regulation and provision
• Transnational policy innovation, learning and transfer

16. The Impact of Globalization on Welfare States
Others Impact
1.Economic Effects
2.Policy Space and Sovereignty
3.Migration
4.Social and Cultural Impacts
5.Technological Changes
6.Global Challenges
7.Policy Innovation

17. Opportunities:
1.Addressing Global Challenges
2. Sharing Best Practices
3.Pooling Resources
4.Human Rights and Values
5. Economic Opportunities
6. Innovation and Technology Transfer
Challenges:
1.Coordination and Cooperation
2.Sovereignty Concerns
3.Inequality and Power Dynamics
4.Cultural and Contextual
Differences
5.Enforcement and Compliance

18. Conclusion
In conclusion, navigating public policy beyond the nation-
state requires a delicate balance between addressing global
challenges and respecting national sovereignty. While
challenges such as coordination, sovereignty concerns, and
power imbalances persist, the opportunities for addressing
common issues, sharing best practices, and fostering
international cooperation are significant.

19. References
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globalization. Social Policy & Administration, 32(5), 481-500.
Bender, T. (2015). Beyond the Nation-State. Teaching American History in a
Global Context, 38.
Hay, C. (2018). Globalization and public policy.
Mishra, R. (2012). Beyond the nation state: social policy in an age of
globalization. Social Policy & Administration, 32(5), 481-500.
Hunter, D. J. (2003). Public health policy (pp. 1-30). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Keating, M. (2021). Beyond the nation-state: Territory, solidarity and welfare in a
multiscalar Europe. Territory, Politics, Governance, 9(3), 331-345.
Hartmann, S., Lindner, T., Müllner, J., & Puck, J. (2022). Beyond the nation-state:
Anchoring supranational institutions in international business research. Journal of
International Business Studies, 53(6), 1282-1306.

20. Have Any Question?