Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event that involved threat of death or serious injury. Symptoms include intrusive memories of the event, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, increased anxiety and emotional arousal. Treatment options include psychotherapy, support groups, relaxation training, physical activity, and medication in severe cases. Improving mental health services and increasing resources for patients are important to provide proper treatment and support.

2. • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
• People experienced or witnessed the
trauma of a major security threat to life or
accident.
• Great fear and other psychological
and physiological reactions.
• If the reaction continues over a month, it
can affects the normal living, post-
traumatic stress reactions will become
disease.

3. 3 months or more
Symptoms of chronic PTSD for a long time, you may need a longer
time and more in-depth of treatment. And is likely lead to other
psychiatricsymptoms.
1-3 months
Acute PTSD in the acute stage of active treatment if the case can reduce
the risk of developing a chronic PTSD
Non-
PTSD
Acute stress disorder less than one
month

4. • The events can not be expected to make experience
and feel the life or physical safety of bystanders
threatened event.
Here are some examples:
-Sexual assault (性侵犯)
-Suffering from life-threatening diseases
(患上威脅生命的疾病)
-Violence (暴力)
-Huge natural disasters, such as tornadoes, storms,
earthquakes and tsunamis (巨大的自然災害，如龍捲風
、暴 風、地震和海嘯)
-Childhood abuse or witnessing domestic violence

5. • Flashbacks
• Event see again and again
• Upsetting dreams about the traumatic
event
Intrusive
memorie
s
• Trying to avoid thinking or talking about the traumatic
event
• Hopeless about the future
• Memory problems
• Difficulty maintaining close relationship
• Trouble sleeping
• Hearing or seeing things those aren’t
there
• Self-destructive behaviour
Avoidance
&
Emotional
numbing
Anxiety &
Increased
emotional
arousal

6. • Consciously recalled the incident
• Will feel the sound, image and body
sensation
• At the night time
Repeat
experience (
重複經歷)
• Avoid any person, places and things that
related to the incidents
• Change their habits and the lifestyle
Escape(逃
避)
• Physical and mental health of the patients are on
the alert
• Easily rouse suddenly from sleep
An allergic
reaction (過
敏反應)
In addition three types of symptoms,
the patients generally have more anxiety, easy to anger and confusion,
loss of interest in the activity, perceived inability to concentrate, feeling depressed and
helpless. Some patients may experience headaches, stomachaches or other physical
symptoms.

7. Individual
psychothera
py
• Only treat one patient
• More easy to talk about his/her feelings
• Correct techniques and cognitive behaviour to reduce the
patients' s fears and concerns
• Help the family members to give supports the
patients
• Help them deal with their feelings
Family therapy
Suppo
rt
group
s
• Members that had same experience
• Share their feelings and experience through the right
way

8. Psychothera
py
(認知行為治療)
• Helps patients to understand the thoughts and feelings
• Helping the patients to alleviate the psychiatric
symptomatology by listening, explaining and providing
perspective and support
Relaxatio
n
training
• After the incident the patient is hardto relax
themselves
Physic
al
trainin
g
• Do more exercise is the best way for them to release
stress
Medicatio
n
• Used include lithium carbonate, carbamazepine and
valproate
• Treated with mood stabilizes

9. Allow effective utilization of staff and resources by allocating to appropriate
treatment area according to their conditions
Provide documentation patients’ condition, time of triage and preliminary
treatment
given in triage
• Providing designated care and
rehabitation
programmers to psychogeriatric patients
Community
Medical Services-
Community
Psychogeriatric and
Psychiatric Teams
• Provide total care for the terminally-ill through the following inter-
disciplinary
efforts. Includes:
• 1) Psychological counseling and support to patients
• 2) Arrange and co-ordinate social and recreational activities for patients
• 3) Spiritualsupport
Palliative Care
Service

10. • Only one time for each of two
doctors
• Just in the morning
• 3/12 of private hospitals offer
psychiatry c l i n i c s  can’t
a
f
f
o
r
d
• Inadequate services hours for
supporting the need of mental
patients
Con
s
• Provide opportunities for the
psychotics
to recover
• Raise public (psychotic) awareness
Pron

11. • The United Christian Nethersole Community
Health Service (基 督 教 聯 合 那 打 素 社 康
服 務 UCN )
• Established in 1972
• providing preventive medicine & clinical
service , Chinese medicine service, mental
health & social service etc.

12. • Providing : clinical psychology, emotional health education, health
promoting school project, good neighbour network, integrated home
care service, day care centre for the elderly.
• Activities and
provide pick-up
services to
patients with
chronic illness.
• Increase their
knowledge about
the mood
disorders.
Good
Neighbou
r
Network

13. • To promote emotional
health and positive living
in the community,
improve their quality of
life.
• To prevent emotional
diseases.
• To provide method to
anyone who have
emotional problem and
their relatives the method
of helping themselves,
strength their ability to cope
with difficult.
• To provide training for
professionals, help them
assist their services
receivers to handle
Emotion
al
Health
Educatio
n
Mental health & social
service

14. • Hong Kong Christian Service
• Hong Kong Mood Disorders Centre
• Society for Community Organization
• United Centre of Emotional Health & Positive
Living
• Baplist Oi Kwan Social Service
• Caritas Family Service Unit
• Christian Family Service Centre

15. • Health care workers discharged patients subject to treatment and
rehabilitation needs, arrange them in psychiatric clinics or
psychiatric day hospital for follow-up treatment, or by community
psychiatric nurses to provide outboundservices.
• Also take into account the welfare of discharged patients, refer their
cases to the resident medical social workers to follow up and refer
them to apply for rehabilitation services and community support
services.
• The HA will arrange for community psychiatric nurses to follow up
on these priority categories of high-risk patients to provide a
special follow- up after discharge, including home visits in
advance.

16. • Mental patients to public hospitals for outpatient waiting a long time,
and treatment time is short, the problem getting worse.
• Statistics show that Hong Kong is only about 300 psychiatrists, less
than 2,000 psychiatric nurses and psychiatric beds in public
hospitals onlyabout 3,600.
• Lack of medical resources, enough for a small number of patients
to be hospitalized for observation.
Tai Wan
Hong
Kong

17. • Starting as early as 75 years, already begun to
promote prevention and treatment of mental
illness.
• Since 86 years, the comprehensive promotion of
community mental health care plan.
• Before 2010 Mental health care from outpatient,
emergency, intensive care unit, acute wards, chronic
wards, rehabilitation wards, day hospital, community
rehabilitation center, home to the rehabilitation of self-
contained health care system covers the complete set of.

18. • Few people are willing to become a medical
graduate psychiatrists, services for psychiatric
patients.
• Government health administration departments
responsible for the lack of mental health and mental
health promotion agencies, mental health and social
welfare insurance bill yet to see.
• Mental health facilities is a serious shortage of manpower
and budget.
• Home treatment services still partial to the "hospital-
based“ service type due to unequal distribution of
medical resources.

19. • Tell them something that not
under our control
• Accept the situation
• Know that it is already past
D
o
• Don't talk about this ( because it
may still recall)
• Avoid dating with others
• Don't think that I shouldn't still
alive
Don'
t

20. • Listen to them patiently
• Tolerate and forgive them
• spend time with them >let them to understands they
are cared and loved.
e.g. family days> closer relationship>relieve
depression
and other negative emotions > build up positive
emotion
D
o
• Don't force them to look back what awful things
they experienced
• Irritate and motive them
Don’
t

21. • More training to doctors and nurses
• Improve the mental publicity
• Development of working hours
• Actively develop mental health services
• To have a longer treatment time, it can be in-
depth understanding of the psychological status
of patients
• The outpatient waiting time is too l o n g  The
governmentshould have had more social workers
counseling patients temporarily

22. • Crosses modules (psychological health and
health services)
• Can train our thinking and henceapply
our knowledge
• Understood the health care services more
deeply because the applied learning course

23. ☺