The document discusses the history and philosophy of community mental health and deinstitutionalization. It describes how mental health treatment has shifted from institutions to community-based care and prevention since the 1960s with the Community Mental Health Centers Act. The document then outlines various roles, interventions, and approaches used in community mental health, such as prevention, early intervention, family support, rehabilitation, and addressing mental health issues across the lifespan from children to older adults.

2. The methods of treating mental illness have changed
dramatically in the past century. Community mental
health as a treatment philosophy was mandated by the
community Mental Health centures Act of 1963, thus
bringing about the shift of mental health care from the
institution to the community and heralding the era of
deinstitutionalization.

3. It is the application of specialized knowledge to populations
and communities to promote and maintain mental health
and to rehabilitate populations at risk that continue to have
residual effects of mental illness.

4. • To provide prevention activities to populations. for the purpose of
promoting mental health.
• To provide interventions as early as possible.
• To provide corrective learning experiences for the patient.
• To anticipate when populations become at risk for particular
emotional problems.
• To develop innovative approaches to primary prevention
activities.
• To assist in providing mental health education to populations.

5. • Assessment
• Intervention
 Consultive role
 Clinician role
 Therapeutic role
 Assessor or researcher role
 Educator
 Trainer or manpower facilities
 Manager or administrator
 Domiciliary care
 Liaison role
 Preventive role

6. Beliefs about mental illness have been characterized by superstition, ignorance
and and fear. some misconceptions are as follows
– Mental illness is caused by supernatural power and is the result of a curse or possession
by evil spirit.
– Mentally ill people show bizarre behaviour
– Mentally ill people are dangerous
– Mental illness is something to be ashamed of
– Mental illness is not curable
– Mental illness is contagious
– Mental illness is hereditary
– Marriage can cure mental illness
– Mental hospitals are places where only dangerous mentally ill individuals are treated

8. • Individual centered intervention
• Interventions oriented to the child in the school
• Family centered interventions
• Interventions oriented to keep families intact
• Interventions for families in crisis
• Mental health education
• Society centered preventive measures

9. • Early diagnosis and case finding.
• Early reference.
• Screening programs.
• Consultation services.
• Crisis intervention.

10. • Effective follow up.
• Occupational and recreational activities and community
based programs.
• Effective communication.
• Training in Community living program(TCL).
• Monitoring community attitudes.

12. Rehabilitation is," an attempt to provide the best possible
community role which will enable the patient to achieve
the maximum range of activity, interest and of which he is
capable"
¬ Maxwell Jones

13. Disorders like:
– Schizophrenia,bipolar disorder and substance abuse
– Symptoms of illness, disability improvement requires

14. • Increasing independence
• Improvememt of capabilities and competence
• Active participation
• Skill development

15. • Psychoeducation
• Working with families
• Group therapy
• Social skill training

16. • Reduction of impairment
• Remediation of disabilities
• Remediating disabilites through supportive intervention
• Remediation of handicaps

17. • Assesment
• Planning and implementation
• Community intervention
• Evaluation

18. Vocational rehabilitation is a part of continuous and co-
ordinated process of rehabilitation which involves the
provision of those vocational services designed to enable
a disabled person secure and retain suitable
environment.

19. • Vocational assesment.
• Vocational couselling.
• Vocational retaining .
• Job exploration .
• Job placement.
• Follow up.

20.  AT PRIMARY LEVEL:
 Subcentres.
 primary health centres.
 Community mental heath centres.
 SECONDARY LEVEL:
 General hospital psychiatric units.
 Government and private psychiatric hospitals.
 Voluntary organization.
 TERTIARY LEVEL:
 Rehabilitation centres.
 Voluntary organization .
 Non governmental mental health organizations.

22. • Disease:
 Mood & Anxiety Disorder
 Antisocial Behavior
• Causes:
 Family problem
 Health problem
 Poverty
 Separation

23. 10-19 years
Setting goals, decision making, identify crisis, emotional instability
• Disease:
 BPAD
 Schizophrenia
 Suicidal
 Antisocial
 Juvenile crime
 Substance abuse
 Depression
• Causes:
 Family problem
 Negligency
 Poverty
 Stressed life

24. Highly prone to mental morbidities due to aging of brain, associated physical health problem, cerebral pathology,
socioeconomic factors like breakdown of family support system and decrease economic independence
• Common mental issues:
 Death of spouse, friends, other loved ones.
 Breakdown of joint family system.
 Retirement.
 Loss of physical and psychological ability.
 Elder abuse.
• Strategies for successful aging are:
 Maintaining health by healthy lifestyle
 Having strong support system of family, friends, neighbor
 Being able to adjust and adopt changes
 Having adequate income and being independent
 Developing new interests and participating in volunteering and employment

25. Women represent a special group for mental health care.
Psychiatric disorders are more common in women because of
genetic differences, societal pressure on differences in rearing
pattern & cultural expectations.
• Common disorders: major depression, neurotic depression,
anxiety, adjustment problem, attempted suicide, anorexia
nervosa.
• Psychiatric disorders include:
1. Premenstrual syndrome.
2. Menopausal Syndrome.
3. Psychiatric disorder associated with child birth.

26. 1. Premenstrual Syndrome
• Starts 5-10 days
• Symptoms: sadness, suspiciousness, anxiety, insomnia, social withdrawal
• Management: medicine (progesterone, oral contraceptives, antidepressants)
 Psychological and cognitive behavior therapy
2. Menopausal Syndrome
• 45-53 years of age
• Symptoms:anxiety, decrease confidence, vaginal atrophy, cognitive and affective
disorder
• Management: Hormonal disturbance, reassurance, counseling, psychological support

27. 3) Psychiatric disorders associated with childbirth:
• During pregnancy
 Disorders:Neurosis, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia.
 Occurs: in 1st trimester resolve in 2nd trimester.
 Causes: marital tension, history of previous abortion.
 Management: psychological support.
• Postpartum disorders are:
 Baby blues
 Postpartum depression
 Postpartum Psychosis

28. • Get enough rest.
• Regular exercise.
• Call family & friends for help.
• Eat balanced diet.
• Delay going back to work.

29. • Identify the risk sample
• Educate women and their partner about necessity of
parenting
• Antenatal visits
• Structure counselling program

31. It includes the act of international physical mental or
emotional heart initiate on a child by parent or other person
such as respected repeated injuries harassment
punishment and sexual abuse.
• Nursing intervention.

32. A pattern of coefficiency behaviour such as repeated
bittering and injury psychological abuse sexual assault the
privation and intinidation
• Nursing interventions.

33. Sexual assault is the force perpetration of an act of
sexual contact with another person without concert a
rape victim experience increased anxiety action
depression suicidal behaviour etc.
• Nursing interventions.

34. • Government and Voluntary, National and international.
 Mental health agencies-Goverment at National level.
 Mental health agencies-International.
 The world Federation for Mental health.
 The internal society for Mental health online.
 National alliances for mentally ill.
• Mental health agencies-voluntary /Non governmental organizations.