High frequency Sine wave inverter -Challenges in voltage feedback

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The document discusses challenges in using a potential transformer (PT) for voltage feedback in a high frequency sine wave inverter. A PT can only provide accurate feedback at the fundamental frequency of 50/60Hz and cannot account for any DC offset. This leads to instability issues. The proposed solution is to use instantaneous control with PT feedback and pure software techniques to generate a clean output waveform without needing expensive isolation components. Experimental results show the approach produces a stable output voltage.

Technology

High frequency Sine wave inverter

Challenges in voltage feedback

www.controltrix.com

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

System
Configuration
• DSC on primary (low voltage) side
• Front end Switched mode isolated converter
• Boost battery voltage to 400V
• Hi bridge Inverter to generate sine wave

Objective
• Control the output to a sine wave under various loads

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

Requirements of feedback circuit
• High Voltage feedback
• Isolation
• Low cost /rugged
• Linearity

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

RMS control mode
• Measure rms voltage err. @ (50Hz/60Hz freq)
• Change ONLY modulation index ‘m’ with RMSV err
• Duty d = m.sin(2. .f.t) is
• @ Steady state maintains sine wave
• Poor /slow dynamic response approximately 100ms
• Distortion under non linear loads like rectifier
• Extremely low bandwidth
• Low computation load req.
• Low execution rate

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

RMS control mode feedback
• Std Low grade/low cost 50Hz Potential Transformer(PT)
• Std part in electric metering (widely available)
• Satisfies 4 desirables

 Isolation
 Low cost
 Ruggedness
 Linearity @ 50/60 Hz output voltage

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

Instantaneous control
• Industry term for Hi bandwidth digital control
• Hi sampling frequency and code execution rate ~ 20 KHz
• Great dynamics approx.
• ~400 us step response
• Non linear and fast changing loads handled
• Large stiffness (low output impedance)
• Perfect regulation even with leading /lagging PF

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

Feedback requirement
Need
• Accurate real-time fast high bandwidth voltage feedback

PT limitations
• PT magnetically coupled device
• No output of PT for DC component in input signal
• Any DC offset will not be visible to DSC/DSP

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

PT feedback characteristics

PT input with DC offset PT output (DC offset blocked)

• Low and High frequency signals undergo significant distortion

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

Challenge
Using PT feedback would lead to…

Output Voltage
• Unstable or saturated intermittently (+/-400 Vdc)

Result
• Malfunction of Downstream equipment
• Damage to Downstream equipment
• Catastrophic results or shutdown !!!!

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

Actual voltage: 200 V/div

PT output

output voltage and PT feedback are not correlated

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

Summary
• The PT works properly only @ 50/60Hz sine wave is being
measured
• To get accurate sine wave the PT needs to work properly in closed
loop
• Vicious dependency deadlock causes catastrophe !!!!

• Chicken and egg problem !!!!

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

Proposed Solution
• No DC offset in output waveform
• PT based feedback instantaneous control
• Pure software solution
• Low THD (slightly worse wave shape than ideal feedback)
• Expensive, Complex ,Non linear isolation solutions not needed !!!
• E.g. : Opto-couplers, voltage to frequency converters,
PWM generators
• Patent pending

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

Experimental results
Instantaneous closed loop control system

Voltage output
100 V/div

PT output

Final output voltage waveform
copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

Thank You
consulting@controltrix.com

copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

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High frequency Sine wave inverter -Challenges in voltage feedback

2. System Configuration • DSC on primary (low voltage) side • Front end Switched mode isolated converter • Boost battery voltage to 400V • Hi bridge Inverter to generate sine wave Objective • Control the output to a sine wave under various loads copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

4. RMS control mode • Measure rms voltage err. @ (50Hz/60Hz freq) • Change ONLY modulation index ‘m’ with RMSV err • Duty d = m.sin(2. .f.t) is • @ Steady state maintains sine wave • Poor /slow dynamic response approximately 100ms • Distortion under non linear loads like rectifier • Extremely low bandwidth • Low computation load req. • Low execution rate copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

5. RMS control mode feedback • Std Low grade/low cost 50Hz Potential Transformer(PT) • Std part in electric metering (widely available) • Satisfies 4 desirables  Isolation  Low cost  Ruggedness  Linearity @ 50/60 Hz output voltage copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

6. Instantaneous control • Industry term for Hi bandwidth digital control • Hi sampling frequency and code execution rate ~ 20 KHz • Great dynamics approx. • ~400 us step response • Non linear and fast changing loads handled • Large stiffness (low output impedance) • Perfect regulation even with leading /lagging PF copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

7. Feedback requirement Need • Accurate real-time fast high bandwidth voltage feedback PT limitations • PT magnetically coupled device • No output of PT for DC component in input signal • Any DC offset will not be visible to DSC/DSP copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

8. PT feedback characteristics PT input with DC offset PT output (DC offset blocked) • Low and High frequency signals undergo significant distortion copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

9. Challenge Using PT feedback would lead to… Output Voltage • Unstable or saturated intermittently (+/-400 Vdc) Result • Malfunction of Downstream equipment • Damage to Downstream equipment • Catastrophic results or shutdown !!!! copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

11. Summary • The PT works properly only @ 50/60Hz sine wave is being measured • To get accurate sine wave the PT needs to work properly in closed loop • Vicious dependency deadlock causes catastrophe !!!! • Chicken and egg problem !!!! copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

12. Proposed Solution • No DC offset in output waveform • PT based feedback instantaneous control • Pure software solution • Low THD (slightly worse wave shape than ideal feedback) • Expensive, Complex ,Non linear isolation solutions not needed !!! • E.g. : Opto-couplers, voltage to frequency converters, PWM generators • Patent pending copyright 2011 controltrix corp www. controltrix.com

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