This document discusses sexual dysfunctions and gender identity disorders. Sexual dysfunctions are disturbances in sexual function that are caused by emotional, mental, physical or medical issues. They include problems with sexual desire, arousal, orgasm or pain. Gender identity disorders involve a strong and persistent identification with the opposite gender. The document outlines various types of sexual dysfunctions and symptoms of gender identity disorders in children and adults. Treatment options discussed include medication, therapy, education and sex reassignment surgery.
Sexual dysfunction or sexual malfunction is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.It requires a person to feel extreme distress and interpersonal strain for a minimum of 6 months.
Sexual dysfunction or sexual malfunction is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.It requires a person to feel extreme distress and interpersonal strain for a minimum of 6 months.
Sexual Disorders
Sexuality
One of the most personal area of life. Each of us is sexual being with preferences and fantasies that may surprise or even shock us from time to time. Usually these are part of normal sexual functioning. But when our fantasies or desire begin to affect or other in unwanted or harmful ways, they begin to qualify as abnormal.
For perspective, we begin by briefly describing norms and healthy sexual behavior. Then we consider two forms of sexual problems: sexual dysfunctioning and paraphilias.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Consider contemporary Western worldviews that inhibition of sexual expression causes problems. Contrast this with nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century views that excess was culprit; in particular excessive masturbation in childhood was widely believe to lead to sexual problems in adulthood. Von Krafft-Ebing (1902) postulated that early masturbation damage the sexual organs and exhausted a finite reservoir of sexual energy, resulting in diminishing ability to function sexually in adulthood. Even in adulthood, excessive sexual activity was thought to underlie problems such us erectile failure. The general Victorian view was that sexual appetite was dangerous and therefore had to be restrained.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Other changes over time have influence people attitudes and experiences of sexuality.
Aside from changes over time and across generation, culture influences attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. In some culture, sexuality is viewed as an important part of well-being and pleasure, wheras in others, sexuality is viewed as relevant only for procreation (Bhurga, Popelyuk & McMullen, 2010). Cultures also vary in their acceptance of variation in sexual behavior.
In other culture it is common to stigmatize same-gender sexual behavior. Clearly, we must keep varying cultural norms in mind as we study human sexual behavior.
Gender and Sexuality
Across wide range of indices, men reported more engagement in sexual thought and behavior that do women.
Compared to women, men report thinking about sex, masturbation, and desiring sex more often, as well as desiring more sexual partner and having more partners.
Beyond these differences in sex drive Peplau (2003) has described several other ways in which the genders tend to differ in sexuality. Women tend to be more ashamed of any flaws in their appearance than the men, and this shame can interfere with sexual satisfaction (Sanchez & Kiefer, 2007)
Gender and Sexuality
For women, sexual appears more closely tied to relationship status and social norms that for men (Baumeister, 200).
Among women with sexual symptoms, more than half believe their symptoms are caused by relationship problems (Nicholls, 2008).
Men are more likely to think about their sexuality in terms of power than are women (Andersen, et al. 1999).
Gender and Sexuality
There are many parallels in men’s and women’s sexuality.
Sexual Disorders
Sexuality
One of the most personal area of life. Each of us is sexual being with preferences and fantasies that may surprise or even shock us from time to time. Usually these are part of normal sexual functioning. But when our fantasies or desire begin to affect or other in unwanted or harmful ways, they begin to qualify as abnormal.
For perspective, we begin by briefly describing norms and healthy sexual behavior. Then we consider two forms of sexual problems: sexual dysfunctioning and paraphilias.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Consider contemporary Western worldviews that inhibition of sexual expression causes problems. Contrast this with nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century views that excess was culprit; in particular excessive masturbation in childhood was widely believe to lead to sexual problems in adulthood. Von Krafft-Ebing (1902) postulated that early masturbation damage the sexual organs and exhausted a finite reservoir of sexual energy, resulting in diminishing ability to function sexually in adulthood. Even in adulthood, excessive sexual activity was thought to underlie problems such us erectile failure. The general Victorian view was that sexual appetite was dangerous and therefore had to be restrained.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Other changes over time have influence people attitudes and experiences of sexuality.
Aside from changes over time and across generation, culture influences attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. In some culture, sexuality is viewed as an important part of well-being and pleasure, wheras in others, sexuality is viewed as relevant only for procreation (Bhurga, Popelyuk & McMullen, 2010). Cultures also vary in their acceptance of variation in sexual behavior.
In other culture it is common to stigmatize same-gender sexual behavior. Clearly, we must keep varying cultural norms in mind as we study human sexual behavior.
Gender and Sexuality
Across wide range of indices, men reported more engagement in sexual thought and behavior that do women.
Compared to women, men report thinking about sex, masturbation, and desiring sex more often, as well as desiring more sexual partner and having more partners.
Beyond these differences in sex drive Peplau (2003) has described several other ways in which the genders tend to differ in sexuality. Women tend to be more ashamed of any flaws in their appearance than the men, and this shame can interfere with sexual satisfaction (Sanchez & Kiefer, 2007)
Gender and Sexuality
For women, sexual appears more closely tied to relationship status and social norms that for men (Baumeister, 200).
Among women with sexual symptoms, more than half believe their symptoms are caused by relationship problems (Nicholls, 2008).
Men are more likely to think about their sexuality in terms of power than are women (Andersen, et al. 1999).
Gender and Sexuality
There are many parallels in men’s and women’s sexuality.
Physical and Psychological Causes of Erectile Dysfunction.pptxKaySayAyurveda
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition in which a man is unable to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. ED can have both physical and psychological causes, and sometimes it is a combination of both.
Sexual and Intimate Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer: A Qual...Methodist HealthcareSA
Sexual and Intimate Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer: A Quality of Life Issue
Author: Sage Bolte, PhD, LCSW., Life With Cancer, Fairfax, VA
Presented to the 2010 Texas Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Conference hosted by Methodist Healthcare-San Antonio in October 2010
HUMAN SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS (1).pptxIshneetKaur41
Human Sexuality - Normal sexuality, normal sexual response, sexual identity and orientation and sexual dysfunctions with treatment - female sexual arousal disorder, anorgasmia, ejaculatory dysfunction, male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. Are disturbances in sexual
function secondary to
emotional and /or mental
causes.
This category includes
Sexual dysfunctions,
Sexual perversions
(paraphilias), and
Gender Identity
Disorders.
3. Characterized as a
disturbance of
sexual desire,
arousal, or orgasm;
sexual pain; or
difficulties with
sexual performance.
4. Desire disorders —lack of
sexual desire or interest in
sex
Arousal disorders —inability
to become physically
aroused or excited during
sexual activity
Orgasm disorders —delay or
absence of orgasm (climax)
Pain disorders — pain
during intercourse
5. Sexual dysfunction can
affect any age, although
it is more common in
those over 40 because it
is often related to a
decline in health
associated with aging.
6. In men:
Inability to achieve or
maintain an erection suitable
for intercourse (erectile
dysfunction)
Absent or delayed
ejaculation despite adequate
sexual stimulation (retarded
ejaculation)
Inability to control the
timing of ejaculation (early
or premature ejaculation)
7. In women:
Inability to achieve orgasm
Inadequate vaginal
lubrication before and
during intercourse
Inability to relax the vaginal
muscles enough to allow
intercourse
8. Physical causes — Many
physical and/or medical
conditions can cause problems
with sexual function. These
conditions include diabetes,
heart and vascular (blood
vessel) disease, neurological
disorders, hormonal
imbalances, chronic diseases
such as kidney or liver failure,
and alcoholism and drug abuse.
In addition, the side effects of
some medications, including
some antidepressant drugs, can
affect sexual function.
9. Psychological causes —
These include work-related
stress and anxiety, concern
about sexual performance,
marital or relationship
problems, depression,
feelings of guilt, concerns
about body image, and the
effects of a past sexual
trauma.
10. Most types of sexual dysfunction can be corrected by treating the
underlying physical or psychological problems. Other treatment
strategies include:
Medication — When a medication is the cause of the dysfunction,
a change in the medication may help. Men and women with
hormone deficiencies may benefit from hormone shots, pills, or
creams. For men, drugs, including sildenafil (Viagra®), tadalafil
(Cialis®), vardenafil (Levitra®, Staxyn®), and avanafil (Stendra®)
may help improve sexual function by increasing blood flow to the
penis.
Mechanical aids — Aids such as vacuum devices and penile
implants may help men with erectile dysfunction (the inability to
achieve or maintain an erection). A vacuum device (Eros) is also
approved for use in women, but can be costly. Dilators may help
women who experience narrowing of the vagina.
11. Sex therapy — Sex therapists can be very helpful to couples experiencing
a sexual problem that cannot be addressed by their primary clinician.
Therapists are often good marital counselors, as well. For the couple who
wants to begin enjoying their sexual relationship, it is well worth the time
and effort to work with a trained professional.
Psychotherapy — Therapy with a trained counselor can help a person
address sexual trauma from the past, feelings of anxiety, fear, or guilt,
and poor body image, all of which may have an impact on current sexual
function.
Education and communication — Education about sex and sexual
behaviors and responses may help an individual overcome his or her
anxieties about sexual function. Open dialogue with your partner about
your needs and concerns also helps to overcome many barriers to a
healthy sex life.
12. References
American Academy of Family Physicians/American Family
Physician. Female Sexual Dysfunction: Evaluation and
Treatment Accessed 1/28/2015.
Association of Reproductive Health Professionals. Size Up Your Sex
Life Accessed 1/28/2015.
Planned Parenthood. Sex and Sexuality Accessed 1/28/2015.
13. Gender identity disorders
characterize individuals
who desire to be—or
insist that they are—
members of the other
sex.
Gender identity disorder
symptoms can develop
as early as ages 2 to 4.
14. People with gender
identity disorder act
and present themselves
as members of the
opposite sex. The
disorder may affect self-
concept, choice of
sexual partners and the
display of femininity or
masculinity through
mannerisms, behavior
and dress.
15. Children:
Express the desire to be the
opposite sex
Have disgust with their own
genitals
Believe that they will grow
up to become the opposite
sex
Are rejected by their peer
group and feel isolated
Have depression
Have anxiety
16. Adults:
Desire to live as a person of
the opposite sex
Wish to be rid of their own
genitals
Dress in a way that is typical
of the opposite sex
Feel isolated
Have anxiety
17. A. Must persistently and
strongly identify with the
opposite gender (aside from
desiring any perceived
cultural advantage of being
the other gender).
B. A persistent discomfort
with his or her sex or sense
of inappropriateness in the
gender role of that sex.
18. Boys:
Disgust with own genitals
Belief that genitals will disappear
or that it would be preferable not
to have a penis
Rejection of male activities such as
rough and tumble play, games and
toys
Girls:
Rejection of urinating in seated
position
Desire not to develop breasts or
menstruate
Claims that she will have a penis
Strong dislike for typical female
clothing
19. In adolescents and adults, the
disturbance is manifested by
symptoms such as
preoccupation with getting
rid of primary and
secondary sex characteristics
(such as request for
hormones, surgery or other
procedures to physically
alter sexual characteristics to
simulate the other sex) or
belief that he or she was born
the wrong sex.
20. The feeling of being in the
body of the "wrong" gender
must persist for at least two
years for this diagnosis to
be made.
The cause is unknown, but
hormonal influences in the
womb and environmental
factors (such as parenting)
are suspected to be
involved.
21. Individual and family
counseling is recommended
for children, and individual
or couples therapy is
recommended for adults.
Sex reassignment through
surgery and hormonal
therapy is an option, but
severe problems may persist
after this form of treatment.
A better outcome is
associated with the early
diagnosis and treatment of
this disorder.
22. Sources:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
National Institutes of Health - National Library of Medicine