Dr. Urvashi Sharma, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychology at Sanskriti University, discusses psychological research in her document. She defines research as the systematic investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses. Research aims to describe, predict, explain, and control behavior in an objective manner. Some key goals of psychological research are to describe behaviors, explain why behaviors occur, predict behaviors based on previous research, and control behaviors through suitable interventions. Dr. Sharma provides examples of researching employee safety behaviors to illustrate these goals.
Cognitive psychology is a relatively young branch of psychology, yet it has quickly grown to become one of the most popular subfields. Few Practical Application of Cognitive Psychology(Science),Thinking, decision-making/increasing decision making accuracy, problem-solving, learning /structuring educational curricula to enhance learning , attention,Memory/Improving memory, forgetting, and
language acquisition.
But what exactly is cognitive psychology?
What do cognitive psychologists do?
Cognitive psychology is a relatively young branch of psychology, yet it has quickly grown to become one of the most popular subfields. Few Practical Application of Cognitive Psychology(Science),Thinking, decision-making/increasing decision making accuracy, problem-solving, learning /structuring educational curricula to enhance learning , attention,Memory/Improving memory, forgetting, and
language acquisition.
But what exactly is cognitive psychology?
What do cognitive psychologists do?
Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as introspection. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab, is often associated with this school of thought despite the fact that it was his student Edward B. Titchener who first coined the term to describe this school of thought.
Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.
Biopsychology is the study of why the brain is the command center and how it influences behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field of psychology has gained popularity in recent years, and much is being learned about the human mind.
The historical development of Abnormal Psychology or Psychopathology is worth studying. The progressive as well as conservative steps have contributed to a balanced view of abnormal behavior.
This slide explains various definitions of cognitive science, the scope of cognitive science in various disciplines, and the evolution of cognitive science from the beginning.
Originally Eysenck characterized an individual's personality on two scales. Introversion - extraversion and stable - unstable. A person may thus be
Introverted and Stable,
Introverted and Unstable,
Extraverted and Stable or
Extraverted and Unstable.
The scale, stable - unstable, measures an increasing level of neuroticism. Eysenck's term "neuroticism" does not mean that the persons actually have neurosis, only that they are more inclined to get one.
They are continuous scales, so one can of course also score in the middle, for example, only 50% unstable and only 50% introverted. Later in his career he added Psychoticism.
The systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc, in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Research is what we do when we have a question or a problem we want to resolve. Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. The first module highlights an overview of all concepts adopted in Research.
Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as introspection. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab, is often associated with this school of thought despite the fact that it was his student Edward B. Titchener who first coined the term to describe this school of thought.
Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.
Biopsychology is the study of why the brain is the command center and how it influences behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field of psychology has gained popularity in recent years, and much is being learned about the human mind.
The historical development of Abnormal Psychology or Psychopathology is worth studying. The progressive as well as conservative steps have contributed to a balanced view of abnormal behavior.
This slide explains various definitions of cognitive science, the scope of cognitive science in various disciplines, and the evolution of cognitive science from the beginning.
Originally Eysenck characterized an individual's personality on two scales. Introversion - extraversion and stable - unstable. A person may thus be
Introverted and Stable,
Introverted and Unstable,
Extraverted and Stable or
Extraverted and Unstable.
The scale, stable - unstable, measures an increasing level of neuroticism. Eysenck's term "neuroticism" does not mean that the persons actually have neurosis, only that they are more inclined to get one.
They are continuous scales, so one can of course also score in the middle, for example, only 50% unstable and only 50% introverted. Later in his career he added Psychoticism.
The systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc, in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Research is what we do when we have a question or a problem we want to resolve. Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. The first module highlights an overview of all concepts adopted in Research.
What is research, it's siganficance ,characteristic,research proposalPakLover
what business research ,it's significance, hallmarks ,types of research, process of research, research proposal,what is critical literature review it's purpose approach
WHAT IS METHODOLOGY?
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
WHAT IS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY?
STUDY DESIGNS
WHAT IS DESCRIPTIVE STUDY?
WHAT IS ANALYTICAL STUDY?
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
The need for good research is to find the best evidence for clinical
practice, for specific problems, and to address methods in reducing the
burden of illness on a larger scale.
It should reflect the aspirations and expectations of the research topic.
Chapter 1 A Primer of the Scientific Method and Relevant Components.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 1 A Primer of the Scientific Method and Relevant Components
The primary objective of this book is to help researchers understand and select appropriate designs for their investigations within the field, lab, or virtual environment. Lacking a proper conceptualization of a research design makes it difficult to apply an appropriate design based on the research question(s) or stated hypotheses. Implementing a flawed or inappropriate design will unequivocally lead to spurious, meaningless, or invalid results. Again, the concept of validity cannot be emphasized enough when conducting research. Validity maintains many facets (e.g., statistical validity or validity pertaining to psychometric properties of instrumentation), operates on a continuum, and deserves equal attention at each level of the research process. Aspects of validity are discussed later in this chapter. Nonetheless, the research question, hypothesis, objective, or aim is the primary step for the selection of a research design.
The purpose of a research design is to provide a conceptual framework that will allow the researcher to answer specific research questions while using sound principles of scientific inquiry. The concept behind research designs is intuitively straightforward, but applying these designs in real-life situations can be complex. More specifically, researchers face the challenge of (a) manipulating (or exploring) the social systems of interest, (b) using measurement tools (or data collection techniques) that maintain adequate levels of validity and reliability, and (c) controlling the interrelationship between multiple variables or indicating emerging themes that can lead to error in the form of confounding effects in the results. Therefore, utilizing and following the tenets of a sound research design is one of the most fundamental aspects of the scientific method. Put simply, the research design is the structure of investigation, conceived so as to obtain the “answer” to research questions or hypotheses.The Scientific Method
All researchers who attempt to formulate conclusions from a particular path of inquiry use aspects of the scientific method. The presentation of the scientific method and how it is interpreted can vary from field to field and method (qualitative) to method (quantitative), but the general premise is not altered. Although there are many ways or avenues to “knowing,” such as sources from authorities or basic common sense, the sound application of the scientific method allows researchers to reveal valid findings based on a series of systematic steps. Within the social sciences, the general steps include the following: (a) state the problem, (b) formulate the hypothesis, (c) design the experiment, (d) make observations, (e) interpret data, (f) draw conclusions, and (g) accept or reject the hypothesis. All research in quantitative methods, from experimental to nonexperimental, should employ the steps of the scientific method in an attempt to ...
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
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1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Psychological research.pptx
1. Psychological research
Dr. Urvashi Sharma
Assistant professor
Sanskriti University (chhata, Mathura)
9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 1
2. Introduction
Research in simple terms can be explained as
adding information to the existing fund of
knowledge. The term research is derived from the
French word ‘recherche’ which means to seek out
or to travel through, survey. Research can be
described as an enquiry that is not only critical but
complex as well. Research can also be described
as an analysis and recording of controlled
observation that is objective and systematic in
nature. 9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 2
3. Definition
Kerlinger (1995, page 10) defines scientific
research as “a systematic, controlled, empirical
and critical investigation of natural phenomenon
guided by theory and hypotheses about the
presumed relations among such phenomena”.
Research, in simple terms, can be defined as “a
systematic investigation to find answers to a
problem” (Burns, 2000).
9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 3
4. Cont..
Best and Kahn (1999) have defined
research as “systematic and objective
analysis and recording of controlled
observation that may lead to the
development of generalisation, principles
or theories, resulting in prediction and
possibly ultimate control of events”.
9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 4
5. Characteristics of research
It is systematic in nature
It is objective
It seeks answers to certain problem
Appropriate tools needs to be used for data
analysis.
With the help of research, generalizations
can be made and theory and principles can
also be developed
9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 5
6. Goal of psychological
research
Psychological research has the following goals: description, prediction, explanation,
and control of behavior, and application of knowledge so generated, in an objective
manner Psychological research focuses on four sets of concerns:
i) the stimulus events that cause a particular response to start, stop, or change in
quality of quantity;
ii) the structure of behavior that links certain actions in predictable, orderly ways to
other actions;
iii) the relationships between internal psychological processes or psychological
mechanisms and observable behavior patterns; and
iv) the consequences that behavior has on the individual’s social and physical
environment.
9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 6
7. Description
This is one of the prominent goals of research
that involves description of behavior in a
systematic manner. Description involves
information about what exactly is happening a
situation, where and with whom is it happening.
In description, a certain phenomenon/ event or
issue is identified and reported. For example,
safety behavior of employees can be observed
and described.
9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 7
8. Explanation
This mainly involves explaining why a
certain behavior/ phenomenon is
taking place. For example, if
employees in an organization are not
using safety devices, then explanation
can be generated as to why they are
doing so.
9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 8
9. Prediction
Yet another goal of psychological research is prediction.
That is, based on even previous research, certain
predictions are made about the behaviour under study.
In prediction, the factors that may be correlated or
related with certain behaviour or phenomenon are
identified. For example, predictions are made with
regard to why employees are not using safety devices
based on previous research and information.
9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 9
10. Control
Control is also an objective of research
which involves bringing about a change
in the behaviour with the help of suitable
intervention strategies. For example,
suitable intervention strategies can be
developed to promote use of safety
devices amongst the employees.
9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 10
11. Application:
Inferences can be drawn based on the
results obtained by carrying out the
research and these can then be
applied for problem solving as well as
decision making.
9/12/2022
Dr.Urvashi Sharma, Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology 11