Research is defined as a systematic, logical, and empirical effort to gain new knowledge by defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The goals of research include gaining familiarity with phenomena, explaining the unknown, accurately portraying situations, and determining relationships between variables. Research should follow specified steps in a defined sequence according to rules and apply logical reasoning and induction or deduction. It should also be based on observations and experimentation rather than judgments to be replicable. Motivations for research include obtaining degrees or benefits, facing challenges, understanding relationships, intellectual enjoyment, and serving society. Quantitative research aims to quantify problems numerically through structured data collection and statistical analysis, while qualitative research is less structured

2. Definition of Research:
• According to Redman and Mory (1923), research is a "systematized
effort to gain new knowledge"
• According to Clifford Woody, research comprises "defining and
redefining problems, formulating hypotheses or suggested solutions;
collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and
reaching conclusions; and finally, carefully testing the conclusions to
determine whether they fit the formulated hypotheses".
• D. Slesinger and M. Stephenson define research as "the manipulation of
things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalising to
extend,correct or verify knowledge,wether that knowledge aids in
construction of theory or in the practice of an art.

3.  To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new
insights into it.
 To explain the unknown/unexplained phenomenon.
 To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular
individual, situation or a group.
 To determine the frequency with which something occurs or
with which it is associated with something else.
 To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables.
 To study social life and understand social behaviour.

4. • Should be systematic in nature such that specified steps are taken in
a specified sequence in accordance with the defined set of rules,
• Should be loqical, i.e. logical reasoning and the logical process of
induction or deduction should be applied.
• Should be empirical, i.e. It should be based on observations and
experimentation and on existing theories.
• Should be replicable in nature so that the research results can be
verified.
• Should be unbiased and should not be based on judgments.

5. Motivation in Research
• Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential
benefits.
• Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems.
• Desire to understand causal relationships.
• Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work.
• Desire to be of service to the society.

6. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Approach
to Research
Quantitative Approach
• Quantitative research is used to quantify the problem by way of
generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into useable
statistics,
• The goal w of quantitative measurement is to run statistical analysis, so
data has to be in numerical form.
• Quantitative data collection methods are much more structured than
Qualitative data collection methods.
• Surveys, structured interviews & observations, and reviews of records or
documents for numeric information are some common methods used in
quantitative research.
• Validity and reliability largely depends on the measurement device or
instrument used.