Psychological approach
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The psychological approach is a unique form of criticism in that it draws upon psychological theories in its interpretation of a text. Psychological Analysis, in its simplest form, is the dissection of an author’s works and the use of these parts to understand their subconscious
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Literary criticism powerpoint
This document provides an overview of 5 major types of literary criticism: formalism, reader response, archetypal, feminist, and Marxist criticism. It describes the key concepts and approaches of each type of criticism, provides examples of the types of questions critics using each approach may ask, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
Moralistic approach
This document discusses different approaches to literary criticism, focusing on the moralistic approach. It provides an overview of how moralism has been an important approach throughout history, from Plato emphasizing the moral attitude in works of art, to neo-humanists in the 20th century viewing literature as a criticism of life. A moralistic critic judges works based on ethical standards, believing the most important role of literature is to teach moral values and guide society in the right direction.
Sociological Approach
The sociological approach views literature as a product of social institutions and interprets works in terms of their connection to social, political, and economic forces. It insists that literature cannot be separated from its social context since language, literary conventions, writers, and subjects are all social in nature. A sociology of literature studies literature as a reflection of social realities, the social situation of writers, and how works are received by society over time. The sociological approach is preoccupied with the social circumstances surrounding a work to aid in interpretation, not as ends in themselves.
Intro to-literary-criticism
Literary criticism involves analyzing and interpreting works of literature. There are several approaches to literary criticism, including formalist, which focuses on elements like structure and symbolism within the text; biographical, which examines the influence of the author's life; and psychological, which applies theories like Freudian concepts to understand characters. Literary theory provides different lenses through which texts can be interpreted.
Literary criticism
The document provides an overview of literary criticism, beginning with its origins in classical works and early modern critics. It discusses different approaches to literary criticism such as formalism, reader-response criticism, structuralism, biographical criticism, and sociological criticism including feminist criticism and Marxist criticism. The document examines key concepts and theorists associated with different approaches to literary criticism.
Difference between Theoretical and Practical Criticism
Theoretical criticism, practical criticism, theories,experimental or applied criticism, dof perspective, mint to world and world to mind direction of fit
Formalism (Literary Theory)
Literary theory provides principles for interpreting and analyzing literature. It focuses on analyzing the formal elements of a text, such as structure and language, rather than historical context. There are several benefits to studying different literary theories. It can affirm one's perspective, help understand other viewpoints, and provide a deeper understanding of a work by considering multiple interpretations. Formalism is a major literary theory that emerged in the early 20th century. It emphasizes close analysis of literary form and technique rather than historical context. Two influential forms of formalism were Russian Formalism and New Criticism. Russian Formalism studied poetic language and techniques like defamiliarization, while New Criticism advocated intensive analysis of the text itself.
Literary theories
This document provides an overview of various approaches to literary criticism and analysis. It discusses formalist, reader response, new historicist, Marxist, psychoanalytic, archetypal, feminist, existentialist, and postcolonial approaches. For each approach, it outlines key concepts, principles, and advantages and disadvantages. The overall document serves as a primer on different theoretical lenses through which literary works can be examined and interpreted.
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Literary criticism powerpoint
This document provides an overview of 5 major types of literary criticism: formalism, reader response, archetypal, feminist, and Marxist criticism. It describes the key concepts and approaches of each type of criticism, provides examples of the types of questions critics using each approach may ask, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
Moralistic approach
This document discusses different approaches to literary criticism, focusing on the moralistic approach. It provides an overview of how moralism has been an important approach throughout history, from Plato emphasizing the moral attitude in works of art, to neo-humanists in the 20th century viewing literature as a criticism of life. A moralistic critic judges works based on ethical standards, believing the most important role of literature is to teach moral values and guide society in the right direction.
Sociological Approach
The sociological approach views literature as a product of social institutions and interprets works in terms of their connection to social, political, and economic forces. It insists that literature cannot be separated from its social context since language, literary conventions, writers, and subjects are all social in nature. A sociology of literature studies literature as a reflection of social realities, the social situation of writers, and how works are received by society over time. The sociological approach is preoccupied with the social circumstances surrounding a work to aid in interpretation, not as ends in themselves.
Intro to-literary-criticism
Literary criticism involves analyzing and interpreting works of literature. There are several approaches to literary criticism, including formalist, which focuses on elements like structure and symbolism within the text; biographical, which examines the influence of the author's life; and psychological, which applies theories like Freudian concepts to understand characters. Literary theory provides different lenses through which texts can be interpreted.
Literary criticism
The document provides an overview of literary criticism, beginning with its origins in classical works and early modern critics. It discusses different approaches to literary criticism such as formalism, reader-response criticism, structuralism, biographical criticism, and sociological criticism including feminist criticism and Marxist criticism. The document examines key concepts and theorists associated with different approaches to literary criticism.
Difference between Theoretical and Practical Criticism
Theoretical criticism, practical criticism, theories,experimental or applied criticism, dof perspective, mint to world and world to mind direction of fit
Formalism (Literary Theory)
Literary theory provides principles for interpreting and analyzing literature. It focuses on analyzing the formal elements of a text, such as structure and language, rather than historical context. There are several benefits to studying different literary theories. It can affirm one's perspective, help understand other viewpoints, and provide a deeper understanding of a work by considering multiple interpretations. Formalism is a major literary theory that emerged in the early 20th century. It emphasizes close analysis of literary form and technique rather than historical context. Two influential forms of formalism were Russian Formalism and New Criticism. Russian Formalism studied poetic language and techniques like defamiliarization, while New Criticism advocated intensive analysis of the text itself.
Literary theories
This document provides an overview of various approaches to literary criticism and analysis. It discusses formalist, reader response, new historicist, Marxist, psychoanalytic, archetypal, feminist, existentialist, and postcolonial approaches. For each approach, it outlines key concepts, principles, and advantages and disadvantages. The overall document serves as a primer on different theoretical lenses through which literary works can be examined and interpreted.
Psychological criticism
This document provides an overview of psychological criticism as a method of literary analysis. It explains that psychological criticism examines the minds of characters and authors by applying theories from fields like psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and theories of human needs and development. The document recommends choosing a psychological theory to research and apply when conducting a psychological criticism of a literary work. It also notes some limitations but emphasizes the benefits of exploring psychology in literature.
Marxist criticism presentation
The poem "Manggagawa" by Jose Corazon de Jesus depicts the disparity between the wealthy bourgeoisie and the lower class proletariat in a capitalist society through vivid descriptions of the hard labor of workers and the luxuries enjoyed by the rich. It highlights the oppression and control the bourgeoisie have over wealth production as well as the government, reflecting Marx's theories. In the end, the poem calls loudly for equality and due recognition of the working class's contributions to society and the nation's progress.
Psychoanalytical criticism
Psychoanalytical criticism uses theories of psychology to analyze literature by focusing on the author's state of mind or the mind of fictional characters. It originated from Sigmund Freud's theories about the id, ego, and superego that make up the human mind. Freudian critics examine works for unconscious motives, feelings, and classic psychoanalytic symptoms. Carl Jung expanded on this to look at collective unconscious themes and universal symbols manifested in literature. Harold Bloom applies Freudian concepts like repression to literary history, arguing poets unconsciously rewrite predecessors while struggling with anxiety of influence.
Unit 1 introduction to Literary Theory & Criticism
This document provides an introduction to literary theory and criticism. It defines key terms like "criticism", discusses what literary criticism is, and defines a literary critic. It also explains literary theory as different lenses that critics use to analyze works. The document outlines four main types of literary criticism: practical, theoretical, descriptive, and prescriptive. It also summarizes four major theories of literary criticism: mimetic, pragmatic, expressive, and objective. Finally, it discusses traditional approaches like historical/biographical and moral/philosophical criticism as well as modern approaches like formalism, psychoanalysis, feminism, and Marxism.
Feminist criticism final
Feminist criticism examines literature from a feminist perspective by analyzing the portrayal and treatment of women. It has two premises: 1) how women are presented by male authors from a male point of view and 2) how women are presented by female authors from a female point of view. Feminist criticism aims to understand gender inequality and promote women's rights. There are three waves of feminism - first wave focused on women's suffrage, second wave on social inequality, and third wave on diversity and intersectionality. Major feminist theorists discussed include Beauvoir, Showalter, Irigaray, Cixous, and Haraway.
Psychoanalytic Criticism
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) created psychoanalytic theory and psychotherapy. He believed unconscious sexual drives and dreams provided insight into human behavior. Freud analyzed the mind into conscious, preconscious, and unconscious parts. The unconscious consists of the id, ego, and superego. The id seeks pleasure, ego mediates reality, and superego acts as a conscience. Psychoanalytic criticism applies Freudian techniques to interpret texts and view characters as projections of the author's psyche, revealing unconscious desires, anxieties, and childhood traumas. It examines works for psychological conflicts and seeks to understand characters and relationships in psychological terms.
Literary criticism
Knowing the critic's specific purpose may be to make value judgments on a work, to explain his or her interpretation of the work, or to provide other readers with relevant historical or biographical information and the critic's general purpose, in most cases that is to enrich the reader's understanding of the literary work presented.
READERS' RESPONSE CTICISM
It is actually how would the readers response to the message of the writer. Without the writer making his work, there would not be readers. And out readers reading the writers' work, there would not be sense of having it. It is actually a vice-versa relationship where both should function according to their role.
The Scarlet Letter
This document provides background information and a summary of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It includes sections on the author, the historical time period the novel is set in, major themes of the work, a synopsis of the plot, and character analyses of the two main characters Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. The synopsis outlines the key events of the story, including Hester being punished for adultery, the arrival of her long-lost husband who seeks revenge on her lover, and the ultimate confessions and deaths of Dimmesdale and Hester's husband years later.
Archetypal approach
This document discusses the archetypal approach to analyzing literature. The archetypal approach examines universal patterns and symbols like "the hero's journey" that are common across different cultures and time periods. It identifies archetypes like water, gardens, deserts, and colors that evoke shared meanings among all people. Analyzing how these archetypes function in a work can provide insight into why certain literature remains powerful over time. However, this approach risks overlooking the artistic qualities of individual works by focusing too much on identifying archetypes.
The Story of an Hour
1) The story describes Mrs. Mallard learning of and reacting to the news of her husband's death. She is initially overcome with grief but then feels a sense of freedom and joy at the thought of being liberated from her oppressive marriage.
2) After an hour of contemplating her newfound independence alone in her room with the window open, Mrs. Mallard's husband suddenly appears, having not actually died.
3) Upon seeing her husband, Mrs. Mallard dies of shock, as her dreams of independence collapse. The open window had symbolized her vision of a free life without her husband.
Formalism presentation
Formalism is a literary theory that focuses on analyzing inherent features of a text such as grammar, syntax, and literary devices like metaphor, ignoring historical or cultural context. There are different schools of formalism including Russian formalism and New Criticism. Russian formalists aimed to analyze texts scientifically and defined literary techniques like defamiliarization, where common things are presented in unfamiliar ways to enhance perception. Defamiliarization makes objects strange through language, characterization, or illustration to transform ordinary prose into art. Examples include metaphors, Gulliver's Travels, and poems by Wordsworth, Keats, and Plath.
1. literary theory vs literary criticism
An overview on the binary opposition of Literary Theory and Literary Criticism presented to our dear professor Dr. Arnold Gatus
Definition of Literature for Fundamentals of Literature
Fundamentals of Literature
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
1.1 Definition of Literature
Nature and function of literary criticism
This presentation is useful for someone initiating in the wonderful world of literature and criticism
Reader response theory
Reader Response Theory emerged in the 1930s and focuses on the reader's interaction with the text rather than the author's intentions. It is based on the idea that meaning is created through this interaction between reader and text, not inherent in the text itself. Key proponents include Stanley Fish, Wayne Booth, and Louise Rosenblatt. The theory assumes that literature is performative and each reading produces a unique interpretation. The reader plays an active role in determining meaning, not just passively receiving the author's message. Reader Response Theory emphasizes the importance of both text and reader in constructing meaning and reality through individual interpretation.
New criticism
- New Criticism emerged in the 1940s-1960s as a reaction against biographical and historical criticism that focused on external context like an author's life.
- New Critics examined only what was in the text itself using close reading of elements like metaphor, irony, tension and ambiguity to interpret a work's true meaning.
- They believed the text should be treated as a self-contained object and that meaning comes from analyzing linguistic devices rather than the author's intent or a reader's subjective response.
Biographical criticism
Biographical criticism examines how an author's life experiences are reflected in and can help explain their creative works. It asserts that an author's personal history unintentionally affects their writing. To perform a biographical criticism, one must first gather biographical facts about the author, then analyze how autobiographical elements are portrayed accurately or changed in the work, and determine if insights into the author's life are revealed and how their life experiences deepen understanding of the text. Key questions focus on identifying biographical details used or altered in the work and how the author viewed their own life as typical or extraordinary.
Archetypal Criticism
An archetype refers to universal symbols, themes, characters and images found across literature that reveal basic human truths. Archetypal criticism seeks to identify these recurring patterns and interpret them as manifestations of universal human experiences. Examples of archetypes include common literary tropes like the hero's journey, conflicts between order and chaos, and stock characters like the innocent youth, bully, or wise old man. Archetypal critics believe these patterns resonate with all people regardless of time or place.
Theory of Deconstruction with Examples
This document provides an overview of the theory of deconstruction as developed by French philosopher Jacques Derrida. It discusses Derrida's influences including Martin Heidegger and Ferdinand de Saussure. Key concepts of deconstruction discussed include binary oppositions, logocentrism, and analyzing what a text omits in addition to what it includes. As an example, the document deconstructs the poem "Snow" by Frederick Seidel to explore symbolic meanings beyond what is directly stated.
Literarytheory
This document provides an introduction to postmodern literary theory. It begins with an agenda outlining topics such as modernity, liberal humanism, and the differences between modernism and postmodernism. It then discusses several literary theories that developed prior to postmodernism such as New Criticism. The document goes on to explain key concepts of postmodernism such as the rejection of master narratives, skepticism of objective truths, and viewing language and knowledge as social constructs. It concludes by discussing some characteristics of postmodern literature such as experimental forms and integrating pop culture references.
Romanticism detailed information regarinding great writers.(.wordsworth and ...
The document discusses the key ideas and characteristics of Romanticism. It originated in the late 18th century as a reaction against Enlightenment and Neoclassical thought. Some of the core tenets of Romanticism included emphasizing emotion, nature, imagination, individualism, and the supernatural. Major Romantic writers like Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, and Shelley produced works exploring these themes through a focus on subjects like nature, the sublime, and the imagination.
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Psychological criticism
This document provides an overview of psychological criticism as a method of literary analysis. It explains that psychological criticism examines the minds of characters and authors by applying theories from fields like psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and theories of human needs and development. The document recommends choosing a psychological theory to research and apply when conducting a psychological criticism of a literary work. It also notes some limitations but emphasizes the benefits of exploring psychology in literature.
Marxist criticism presentation
The poem "Manggagawa" by Jose Corazon de Jesus depicts the disparity between the wealthy bourgeoisie and the lower class proletariat in a capitalist society through vivid descriptions of the hard labor of workers and the luxuries enjoyed by the rich. It highlights the oppression and control the bourgeoisie have over wealth production as well as the government, reflecting Marx's theories. In the end, the poem calls loudly for equality and due recognition of the working class's contributions to society and the nation's progress.
Psychoanalytical criticism
Psychoanalytical criticism uses theories of psychology to analyze literature by focusing on the author's state of mind or the mind of fictional characters. It originated from Sigmund Freud's theories about the id, ego, and superego that make up the human mind. Freudian critics examine works for unconscious motives, feelings, and classic psychoanalytic symptoms. Carl Jung expanded on this to look at collective unconscious themes and universal symbols manifested in literature. Harold Bloom applies Freudian concepts like repression to literary history, arguing poets unconsciously rewrite predecessors while struggling with anxiety of influence.
Unit 1 introduction to Literary Theory & Criticism
This document provides an introduction to literary theory and criticism. It defines key terms like "criticism", discusses what literary criticism is, and defines a literary critic. It also explains literary theory as different lenses that critics use to analyze works. The document outlines four main types of literary criticism: practical, theoretical, descriptive, and prescriptive. It also summarizes four major theories of literary criticism: mimetic, pragmatic, expressive, and objective. Finally, it discusses traditional approaches like historical/biographical and moral/philosophical criticism as well as modern approaches like formalism, psychoanalysis, feminism, and Marxism.
Feminist criticism final
Feminist criticism examines literature from a feminist perspective by analyzing the portrayal and treatment of women. It has two premises: 1) how women are presented by male authors from a male point of view and 2) how women are presented by female authors from a female point of view. Feminist criticism aims to understand gender inequality and promote women's rights. There are three waves of feminism - first wave focused on women's suffrage, second wave on social inequality, and third wave on diversity and intersectionality. Major feminist theorists discussed include Beauvoir, Showalter, Irigaray, Cixous, and Haraway.
Psychoanalytic Criticism
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) created psychoanalytic theory and psychotherapy. He believed unconscious sexual drives and dreams provided insight into human behavior. Freud analyzed the mind into conscious, preconscious, and unconscious parts. The unconscious consists of the id, ego, and superego. The id seeks pleasure, ego mediates reality, and superego acts as a conscience. Psychoanalytic criticism applies Freudian techniques to interpret texts and view characters as projections of the author's psyche, revealing unconscious desires, anxieties, and childhood traumas. It examines works for psychological conflicts and seeks to understand characters and relationships in psychological terms.
Literary criticism
Knowing the critic's specific purpose may be to make value judgments on a work, to explain his or her interpretation of the work, or to provide other readers with relevant historical or biographical information and the critic's general purpose, in most cases that is to enrich the reader's understanding of the literary work presented.
READERS' RESPONSE CTICISM
It is actually how would the readers response to the message of the writer. Without the writer making his work, there would not be readers. And out readers reading the writers' work, there would not be sense of having it. It is actually a vice-versa relationship where both should function according to their role.
The Scarlet Letter
This document provides background information and a summary of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It includes sections on the author, the historical time period the novel is set in, major themes of the work, a synopsis of the plot, and character analyses of the two main characters Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. The synopsis outlines the key events of the story, including Hester being punished for adultery, the arrival of her long-lost husband who seeks revenge on her lover, and the ultimate confessions and deaths of Dimmesdale and Hester's husband years later.
Archetypal approach
This document discusses the archetypal approach to analyzing literature. The archetypal approach examines universal patterns and symbols like "the hero's journey" that are common across different cultures and time periods. It identifies archetypes like water, gardens, deserts, and colors that evoke shared meanings among all people. Analyzing how these archetypes function in a work can provide insight into why certain literature remains powerful over time. However, this approach risks overlooking the artistic qualities of individual works by focusing too much on identifying archetypes.
The Story of an Hour
1) The story describes Mrs. Mallard learning of and reacting to the news of her husband's death. She is initially overcome with grief but then feels a sense of freedom and joy at the thought of being liberated from her oppressive marriage.
2) After an hour of contemplating her newfound independence alone in her room with the window open, Mrs. Mallard's husband suddenly appears, having not actually died.
3) Upon seeing her husband, Mrs. Mallard dies of shock, as her dreams of independence collapse. The open window had symbolized her vision of a free life without her husband.
Formalism presentation
Formalism is a literary theory that focuses on analyzing inherent features of a text such as grammar, syntax, and literary devices like metaphor, ignoring historical or cultural context. There are different schools of formalism including Russian formalism and New Criticism. Russian formalists aimed to analyze texts scientifically and defined literary techniques like defamiliarization, where common things are presented in unfamiliar ways to enhance perception. Defamiliarization makes objects strange through language, characterization, or illustration to transform ordinary prose into art. Examples include metaphors, Gulliver's Travels, and poems by Wordsworth, Keats, and Plath.
1. literary theory vs literary criticism
An overview on the binary opposition of Literary Theory and Literary Criticism presented to our dear professor Dr. Arnold Gatus
Definition of Literature for Fundamentals of Literature
Fundamentals of Literature
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
1.1 Definition of Literature
Nature and function of literary criticism
This presentation is useful for someone initiating in the wonderful world of literature and criticism
Reader response theory
Reader Response Theory emerged in the 1930s and focuses on the reader's interaction with the text rather than the author's intentions. It is based on the idea that meaning is created through this interaction between reader and text, not inherent in the text itself. Key proponents include Stanley Fish, Wayne Booth, and Louise Rosenblatt. The theory assumes that literature is performative and each reading produces a unique interpretation. The reader plays an active role in determining meaning, not just passively receiving the author's message. Reader Response Theory emphasizes the importance of both text and reader in constructing meaning and reality through individual interpretation.
New criticism
- New Criticism emerged in the 1940s-1960s as a reaction against biographical and historical criticism that focused on external context like an author's life.
- New Critics examined only what was in the text itself using close reading of elements like metaphor, irony, tension and ambiguity to interpret a work's true meaning.
- They believed the text should be treated as a self-contained object and that meaning comes from analyzing linguistic devices rather than the author's intent or a reader's subjective response.
Biographical criticism
Biographical criticism examines how an author's life experiences are reflected in and can help explain their creative works. It asserts that an author's personal history unintentionally affects their writing. To perform a biographical criticism, one must first gather biographical facts about the author, then analyze how autobiographical elements are portrayed accurately or changed in the work, and determine if insights into the author's life are revealed and how their life experiences deepen understanding of the text. Key questions focus on identifying biographical details used or altered in the work and how the author viewed their own life as typical or extraordinary.
Archetypal Criticism
An archetype refers to universal symbols, themes, characters and images found across literature that reveal basic human truths. Archetypal criticism seeks to identify these recurring patterns and interpret them as manifestations of universal human experiences. Examples of archetypes include common literary tropes like the hero's journey, conflicts between order and chaos, and stock characters like the innocent youth, bully, or wise old man. Archetypal critics believe these patterns resonate with all people regardless of time or place.
Theory of Deconstruction with Examples
This document provides an overview of the theory of deconstruction as developed by French philosopher Jacques Derrida. It discusses Derrida's influences including Martin Heidegger and Ferdinand de Saussure. Key concepts of deconstruction discussed include binary oppositions, logocentrism, and analyzing what a text omits in addition to what it includes. As an example, the document deconstructs the poem "Snow" by Frederick Seidel to explore symbolic meanings beyond what is directly stated.
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Unit 1 introduction to Literary Theory & Criticism
Unit 1 introduction to Literary Theory & Criticism
Definition of Literature for Fundamentals of Literature
Definition of Literature for Fundamentals of Literature
Similar to Psychological approach
Literarytheory
This document provides an introduction to postmodern literary theory. It begins with an agenda outlining topics such as modernity, liberal humanism, and the differences between modernism and postmodernism. It then discusses several literary theories that developed prior to postmodernism such as New Criticism. The document goes on to explain key concepts of postmodernism such as the rejection of master narratives, skepticism of objective truths, and viewing language and knowledge as social constructs. It concludes by discussing some characteristics of postmodern literature such as experimental forms and integrating pop culture references.
Romanticism detailed information regarinding great writers.(.wordsworth and ...
The document discusses the key ideas and characteristics of Romanticism. It originated in the late 18th century as a reaction against Enlightenment and Neoclassical thought. Some of the core tenets of Romanticism included emphasizing emotion, nature, imagination, individualism, and the supernatural. Major Romantic writers like Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, and Shelley produced works exploring these themes through a focus on subjects like nature, the sublime, and the imagination.
Psychoanalytic Essay
Psychoanalytic criticism examines literature through the theories of Sigmund Freud regarding the unconscious mind. The document discusses three key aspects of psychoanalytic criticism:
1) Creativity and neurosis - Some critics argue that creativity stems from neuroses in the unconscious mind. Edmund Wilson discusses this in relation to the works of Sophocles, André Gide, and John Jay Chapman focusing on their interest in the tale of Philoctetes.
2) Author psychology - Examining an author's psychology can provide insight into their works and vice versa. Wilson argues Sophocles wrote Philoctetes because he identified with the mad character.
3) Psycho-biography - Literary critics may psychoanalyze
Hist Over Psych Anth S10
Herbert Spencer developed a theory of social evolution in the 19th century that applied concepts of biological evolution to societies. He believed societies evolved from primitive to advanced stages through a process of "survival of the fittest." Spencer's ideas influenced early anthropology and psychology, as both fields applied an evolutionary model to understand individual and cultural development. However, his views were criticized for being overly simplistic and for justifying social policies that disadvantaged certain groups.
PROJECT #3RETAIL LOCATIONSInstructions1. In an Word d.docx
PROJECT #3
RETAIL LOCATIONS
Instructions:
1. In an Word document, use the list provided at the end of these instructions to describe the following for each retail establishment listed:
a. Type of retail location
b. Factors affecting location (consumer shopping situations)
c. What considerations might the retailer had to have considered when thinking about their location
d. Parking considerations?
e. Who is close to this particular retailer? How will that affect the business?
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The Return of the Repressed
Psychology's Problematic Relations With Psychoanalysis, 1909-1960
Gail A. Hornstein Mount Holyoke College
When psychoanalysis first arrived in the United States,
most psychologists ignored it. By the 1920s, however, psy-
choanalysis had so captured the public imagination that
it threatened to eclipse experimental psychology entirely.
This article analyzes the complex nature of this threat
and the myriad ways that psychologists responded to it.
Because psychoanalysis entailed precisely the sort of rad-
ical subjectivity that psychologists had renounced as un-
scientific, core assumptions about the meaning of science
were at stake. Psychologists' initial response was to retreat
into positivism, thereby further limiting psychology's rel-
evance and scope. By the 1950s, a new strategy had
emerged: Psychoanalytic concepts would be put to exper-
imental test, and those that qualified as "scientific" would
be retained. This reinstated psychologists as arbiters of
the mental world and restored "objective" criteria as the
basis for making claims. A later tactic—co-opting psy-
choanalytic concepts into mainstream psychology—had
the ironic effect of helping make psychology a more flexible
and broad-based discipline.
Freud and Jung were having dinner in Bremen. It was
the evening before they set sail for the Clark conference,
the occasion of Freud's only visit to America. Jung started
talking about certain mummies in the lead cellars of the
city. Freud became visibly disturbed. "Why are you so
concerned with these corpses?" he asked several times.
Jung went on talking. Suddenly, without warning, Freud
fell to the floor in a faint. When he recovered, he accused
Jung of harboring death wishes against him. But it was
not Jung who wanted Freud dead. Had Freud only known
what American psychologists were about to do to psy-
choanalysis, he might never have gotten up off the floor.
There is no easy way to talk about psychology's re-
lations with psychoanalysis.1 It is a story dense with dis-
illusionment and the shapeless anger of rejection. Each
side behaved badly, and then compounded its insensitivity
with disdain. Their fates bound together like Romulus
and Remus, psychology and psychoanalysis struggled to
find their separate spheres, only to end up pitted against
one another at every turn. To.
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Key proponents
What is Mythology/ Archetype ?
Gallery of Archetype
Basic theoretical tenets
Jung and Freude
Strength and Objections
Basic questions
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Wrapping up
are incorporated in the following slide
Literary Theory & criticism
This document provides information about Kunvarani Nidhi K's literary theory paper on diaspora, psychoanalytical criticism, Marxist criticism, and eco-criticism. It defines key terms like diaspora, provides an overview of psychoanalytical criticism including Freudian examples, explains Marxist criticism and its aims, and defines eco-criticism and provides an example of its application. It also includes bibliographic information about M.H. Abrams and cites a poem by Sujata Bhatt as an example of diaspora literature.
Modernism In Literature
The document provides an overview of literary modernism in the early 20th century. It defines modernism as an international movement characterized by experimentation with form and a rejection of absolute knowledge. The document lists some key dates and developments in modernist literature, painting, music, and thought. It discusses some of the major themes, techniques, and influential figures of modernism, including a rejection of tradition, focus on individual experience, and interest in the unconscious and primitive cultures.
Modernism by Monir Hossen
The document provides an overview of modernism in literature during the early 20th century. It defines modernism as an international movement marked by experimentation with form and a rejection of absolute knowledge. Some key features of modernist literature included fragmentation, ambiguity, and a focus on form over meaning. Influential thinkers like Einstein, Freud, and Jung challenged previous worldviews. Modernist works experimented with techniques like stream of consciousness, interior monologue, and nonlinear narratives. The movement influenced literature, visual arts, music and other fields in the early 1900s.
Freudessays
This document is an introduction to a collection of critical essays about Sigmund Freud. It argues that Freud's work has become influential in culture and thought in a way that has made psychoanalysis seem like a natural truth rather than a literary achievement. It aims to show how Freud can be seen as both a theorist of literature and a practitioner of literature in his own writing. The introduction provides an overview of how literature has incorporated Freud and increasingly understood the unconscious as a literary rather than scientific concept, moving from seeing it as a reservoir of instincts to understanding it in linguistic terms.
Northrop frey
Northrop Frye was a highly influential Canadian literary critic known for his theories of archetypal criticism. He argued that literature depicts recurring myths and narrative patterns reflective of universal human experiences. Frye broke from Jung's theories of archetypes residing in the collective unconscious, and instead focused on how archetypes function within literature itself. He proposed that all literature fits within four genres - comedy, romance, tragedy, satire - corresponding to the four seasons and depicting recurring plots of birth, struggle, death and rebirth. Frye's 1957 book Anatomy of Criticism established archetypal criticism as a major approach and influenced generations of critics.
The Archetypal Criticism'. P-109_ Literary Theory & Criticism and Indian Aest...
This PPT is based on Presentation of Semester 2 Submitted to DoE, MKBU.
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The present paper discusses one of Pinter’s plays, The Birthday Party, in the light of the notion of antihumanism as proposed by Foucault, Althusser, and Freud. Arguing that an important aspect of Harold Pinter’s plays is the description of how people are forced into an antihuman state in which they have no opportunity to show and practice their individuality and free will, the present research applies Foucault to see how antihumanism is created through politics, applies Althusser to see it coming through ideology, and applies Freud to find how it comes through psychological mechanisms. Thus, all through the research, Foucault’s notions of disindividualization and institutionalization, Althusser’s notions of Repressive State Apparatus and Ideological State Apparatuses, and Freud’s notions of id-ego-superego and defense mechanism act as the theoretical framework to discuss how antihumanism is created in the course of the play.important figures
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- 1. Psychological Criticism PREPARED BY DR. T. LILLY GOLDA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH A.P.C. MAHALAXMI COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, THOOTHUKUDI
- 2. What is Psychology? Psychology is a field of study that focuses on human mind, behaviour, and experiences. It is both an academic discipline and applied science which pursues to interpret a group or individual by means of founding principles through case study and research.
- 3. Impact of Freud Freud’s Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex The Interpretation of Dreams A. A. Brill’s translations in 1910 & 1912 Dr. Ernest Jones’ Oedipus Complex as an Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery
- 4. Freudian theory Literary Naturalism Man is a victim of environment Man is sick rather than villainous French Symbolists & Experimentalists – method of the unconscious
- 5. Impact of Psychology upon literature Adler’s concept of inferiority complex Jung’s theory of collective unconscious Those influenced by Freud Lawrence, Mann, Sherwood Anderson May Sinclair, Joyce, Katherine Mansfield, Graham Green, Dylan Thomas
- 6. Psychology vs Puritanism & Victorianism Randolph Bourne’s The Puritan’s Will to Power He attempts to destroy the retention of traditional values. He attacks the puritanical spirit which celebrates denial and attacks freedom and expressiveness of the full person.
- 7. Psychology in literary criticism Those who popularized the psychological approach: Concord Aiken’s Skepticisms: Notes on Contemporary Poetry Max Eastman Floyd Dell Robert Graves’ use of W. H. River’s theory of the conflict of unconscious personalities Herbert Read’s Reason and Romanticism
- 8. Application of psychological knowledge to art Three kinds of illumination Aesthetic experience Literary biography Explaining fictitious characters
- 9. Application of psychological knowledge to art Aesthetic experience I. A. Richards’ Principles of Literary Criticism Kenneth Burke’s Antony in Behalf of the Play
- 10. Application of psychological knowledge to art Literary biography Study of the lives of authors as a means of understanding their art Edmund Wilson’s The Wound and the Bow
- 11. Application of psychological knowledge to art Explaining fictitious characters F. L. Lucas Literature and Psychology Ernest Jones’ Study of Hamlet Henry James’ The Turn of the Screw
- 12. Limitations of the Psychological Approach Over simplification Van Wyck Brook’s The Ordeal of Mark Twain 1920 Lewisohn’s Expression in America 1934 Art is different from dream; art can be controlled, dream cannot be Lionel Trilling, Kenneth Burke