PSpiceを活用した太陽光システムシミュレーション

PSpiceを活用した太陽光システムシミュレーション
株式会社ビー・テクノロジー
http://www.bee-tech.com/
horigome@bee-tech.com
1
Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Inc. 2010

Designer
EDA
Device
Model
Technology
of
Simulation
2

回路解析シミュレータ
PSpice (ABMライブラリーが豊富)
デザインキット
回路方式のテンプレート
モデル
3
ABM=Analog Behavior Model

スパイス・パーク http://www.spicepark.com/
55種類のデバイス、3,316モデル(2010年6月30日現在)をご提供中。
現在、グローバル版スパイス・パークを準備中。
4

バッテリーのスパイスモデルの推移
放電特性
付加抵抗
一定
放電特性
付加抵抗
可変
充電特性
+
放電特性
5
リチウムイオン電池
ニッケル水素電池
鉛蓄電池

6
リチウムイオン電池の充放電特性シミュレーションのセミナー及びデモは、
2010年7月28日(水曜日)東京
2010年7月29日(木曜日)大阪で開催致します。info@bee-tech.comまでお問い合わせ下さい。

PV Li-Ion Battery System
Design Kit
7

BAYSUN’s Lithium-Ion Batteries Pack : Power Battery Plus (PBT-BAT-0001)
• Capacity............................65[Wh], 4400[mAh] (Approximately)
• Rated Current....................3[A]
• Input Voltage.......................20.5 [Vdc]
• Output Voltage....................12.8 ~ 16.4 [Vdc] ( 4 cells )
• Charging time......................5[hours] (Approximately)
1.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries Pack Specification
8

1.2 Discharge Time Characteristics
0.2C ( 880 mA )
0.5C ( 2200 mA )
1C ( 4400 mA )
Batteries Pack Model Parameters
NS (number of batteries in series) = 4 cells
C (capacity) = 4400 mA
SOC1 (initial state of charge) = 100%
TSCALE (time scale) , simulation : real time
1 : 3600s or
1s : 1h
Discharge Rate : 0.2C(880mA), 0.5C(2200mA), and 1C(4400mA)
0
Hi
0
DMOD
D1
Voch
16.8Vdc
0
+ -
U1
PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600
SOC1 = 100
C1
1n
0
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.01, 0, rate*CAh )
GVALUE
PARAMETERS:
rate = 1
CAh = 4400m
Time
0s 1.0s 2.0s 3.0s 4.0s 5.0s 6.0s
V(Hi)
8V
10V
12V
14V
16V
18V
TSCALE=3600 means
time Scale (Simulation
time : Real time) is
1:3600
9

1.3 Single Cell Discharge Characteristics
• Single cell discharge characteristics are compared between measurement data and simulation data.
Measurement Simulation
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
VOLTAGE
[V]
SOC [%]
0.2C ( 880mA )
0.5C ( 2200mA )
1.0C ( 4400mA )
Single cell
10

1.4 Charge Time Characteristics
SOC [%]
Vbatt [V] ICharge [A]
Batteries Pack Model Parameters
NS (number of batteries in series) = 4 cells
C (capacity) = 4400 mA
SOC1 (initial state of charge) = 100%
TSCALE (time scale) , simulation : real time
1 : 3600s or
1s : 1h
Charger Adaptor
Input Voltage = 20.5 Vdc
Input Current = 880 mA(max.)
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1, 0, rate*CAh )
GVALUE
DMOD
D1
Voch
16.8Vdc
0
0
+ -
U1
PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600
SOC1 = 0
Vin
20.5Vdc
0
Hi
0
C1
1n
PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2
CAh = 4400m
Time
0s 1.0s 2.0s 3.0s 4.0s 5.0s 6.0s 7.0s
1 V(Hi) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
8V
10V
12V
14V
16V
18V
1
0A
1.0A
2.0A
3.0A
4.0A
5.0A
2
>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
20V
40V
60V
80V
100V
SEL>>
11

BP Solar’s photovoltaic module : SX330
• Maximum power (Pmax)..............30[W]
• Voltage at Pmax (Vmp).............16.8[V]
• Current at Pmax (Imp)...............1.78[A]
• Short-circuit current (Isc)...........1.94[A]
• Open-circuit voltage(Voc)...........21.0[V]
2.1 Solar Cells Specification
502mm
595mm
12

2.2 Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation
SX330
+
U1
SX330
SOL = 1
Parameter, SOL is added as
normalized incident radiation,
where SOL=1 for AM1.5 conditions
V_V1
0V 5V 10V 15V 20V 25V 30V
I(Isence)* V(V1:+)
0W
10W
20W
30W
40W
SEL>>
I(Isence)
0A
0.5A
1.0A
1.5A
2.0A
2.5A
SOL=1
SOL=0.5
SOL=0.16
SOL=1
SOL=0.5
SOL=0.16
Current
(A)
Power
(W)
Voltage (V)
SX330 Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation
13

3. Solar Cell Battery Charger
• Solar Cell charges the Li-ion batteries pack (PBT-BAT-001) with direct connect technique.
Choose the solar cell that is able to provide current at charging rate or more with the
maximum power voltage (Vmp) nears the batteries pack charging voltage.
• PBT-BAT-0001 (Li-ion batteries pack)
– Charging time is approximately 5 hours with charging rate 0.2C or 880mA
– Voltage during charging with 0.2C is between 14.7 to 16.9 V
Time
0s 1.0s 2.0s 3.0s 4.0s 5.0s 6.0s 7.0s
1 V(Hi) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
8V
10V
12V
14V
16V
18V
1
0A
1.0A
2.0A
3.0A
4.0A
5.0A
2
SEL>>
SEL>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
20V
40V
60V
80V
100V
14.7 V
14.9 V
0.2C or 880mA
14

3.1 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit
Lithium-Ion
Batteries Pack
Photovoltaic
Module
Over Voltage Protection
Circuit
16.8V Clamp Circuit
PBT-BAT-0001 (BAYSUN)
DC12.8～16.4V (4 cells)
4400mAh
SX 330 (BP Solar)
Vmp=16.8V
Pmax=30W
Short circuit current ISC
depends on condition: SOL
15

3.2 PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit
• Input value between 0-1 in the “PARAMETERS: sol = ” to set the normalized incident
radiation, where SOL=1 for AM1.5 conditions.
DMOD
D1
Voch
16.8Vdc
0
0
Hi
0
C1
1n
PARAMETERS:
sol = 1
SX330
+
U2
SX330
SOL = {sol}
0
pv
+ -
U1
PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600
SOC1 = 0
16

Time
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10s
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
20V
40V
60V
80V
100V
3.3 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition
• Simulation result shows the charging time for sol = 1, 0.5, and 0.16.
sol = 1.00
sol = 0.50
sol = 0.16
17

3.4 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit
+ Constant Current
Lithium-Ion
Batteries Pack
Photovoltaic
Module
Circuit
16.8V Clamp Circuit
DC12.8～16.4V (4 cells)
4400mAh
SX 330 (BP Solar)
Vmp=16.8V
Pmax=30W
Constant
Current
Control
Circuit
Icharge=0.2C (880mA)
Short circuit current ISC
depends on condition: SOL
18

3.5 Constant Current PV Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit
• Input the battery capacity (Ah) and charging current rate (e.g. 0.2*CAh) in the
• “PARAMETERS: CAh = 4400m and rate = 0.2 ” to set the charging current.
DMOD
D1
Voch
16.8Vdc
0
0
Hi
0
C1
1n
PARAMETERS:
sol = 1
SX330
+
U2
SX330
SOL = {sol}
0
pv
PARAMETERS:
rate = 0.2
CAh = 4400m
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1, 0, rate*CAh)
GVALUE
+ -
U1
PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600
SOC1 = 0
19

Time
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10s
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
20V
40V
60V
80V
100V
3.6 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition
(Constant Current)
• Simulation result shows the charging time for sol = 1, 0.5, and 0.16. If PV can generate
current more than the constant charge rate (0.2A), battery can be fully charged in about 5
hour.
sol = 1.00
sol = 0.50
sol = 0.16
20

4.1 Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery System in 24hr.
Lithium-Ion
Batteries Pack
Photovoltaic
Module
Circuit
16.8V Clamp Circuit
DC12.8～16.4V (4 cells)
4400mAh
SX 330 (BP Solar)
Vmp=16.8V
Pmax=30W
DC/DC
Converter
Vopen= (V)
Vclose= (V)
The model contains 24hr.
solar power data (example).
DC Load
VIN=10~18V
VOUT=5V
VIN = 5V
IIN = 1.5A
Low-Voltage
Shutdown
Circuit
21

4.2 Short-Circuit Current vs. Time (24hr.)
• Short-circuit current vs. time characteristics of photovoltaic module SX330 for 24hours as the
solar power profile (example) is included to the model.
Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
I(X_U1.I_I1)
0A
0.4A
0.8A
1.2A
1.6A
2.0A
SX330
+
U2
SX330_24H_TS3600
The model contains
24hr. solar power data
(example).
22

4.3 PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit
Ronof f 1
100
dchth
Low-Voltage Shutdown Circuit
DC/DC Converter
DMOD
D1
Voch
16.8Vdc
0
0
batt
0
C1
100n
IC = 16.4
0
pv
+ -
U1
PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600
SOC1 = 70
SX330
+
U2
SX330_24H_TS3600
batt1
C3
10n
+
-
+
-
S2
S
VON = 0.7
VOFF = 0.3
ROFF = 10MEG
RON = 0.01
0
0
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
ecal_Iomax
n*V(%IN+, %IN-)*I(IN)/5
EVALUE
Iomax
0
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
E2
IF( V(lctrl) > 0.25 ,Lopen ,Lclose)
EVALUE
0
PARAMETERS:
Lopen = 14
Lclose = 15.2
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
E1
IF(V(batt1)>V(dchth),5,0)
EVALUE
Ronof f
100
Conof f
1n
IC = 5
Lctrl
PARAMETERS:
n = 1
I1
1.5Adc
0
OUT
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
E3
IF( I(OUT)-V(Iomax) > 0 ,n*V(%IN+, %IN-)*I(IN)/(I(OUT)+1u), 5 )
EVALUE
out_dc
DMOD
D2
Conof f 1
100n
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
Limit( V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1, 1m, 5*I(out)/(n*limit(V(%IN+, %IN-),10,25)) )
GVALUE
IN
Solar cell model with
24hr. solar power
data.
Lopen value is load
shutdown voltage.
Lclose value is load
reconnect voltage
Set initial battery
voltage, IC=16.4, for
convergence aid.
SOC1 value is initial
State Of Charge of the
battery, is set as 70%
of full voltage.
7.5W Load
(5Vx1.5A).
 Simulation at 15W load, change I1 from 1.5A to 3A
23
DCDCコンバータの簡易モデル
DCACコンバータの簡易モデルもあります。

Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
1
400mA
500mA
600mA
2
SEL>>
SEL>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
25V
50V
75V
100V
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
12.5V
15.0V
17.5V
1
>>
-2.0A
0A
2.0A
2
I(pv)
0A
1.0A
4.3.1 Simulation Result (SOC1=100)
• C1: IC=16.4
• Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
• Step size: 0.01s
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=100 Fully charged,
stop charging
Battery supplies current when solar
power drops.
PV module charge the battery
Charging
time
24

Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
1
0A
0.5A
1.0A
2
>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
25V
50V
75V
100V
10.152m,69.889)
12.5V
15.0V
17.5V
1
-2.0A
0A
2.0A
2
SEL>>
SEL>>
(7.6750,15.199)
(5.1850,14.000)
I(pv)
0A
1.0A
• C1: IC=16.4
• SKIPBP
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
SOC1=70
V=Lopen
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged,
stop charging
power drops.
Charging
time
25

Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
1
0A
0.5A
1.0A
2
>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
100V
SEL>>
(12.800m,29.854)
12.5V
15.0V
17.5V
1
-2.0A
0A
2.0A
2
>> (1.6328,14.004)
(7.6150,15.193)
I(pv)
0A
1.0A
• C1: IC=15
• Total job time = 2s
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
SOC1=30
V=Lopen
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged,
stop charging
power drops.
Charging time
26

Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
1
0A
0.5A
1.0A
2
>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
100V
12.5V
15.0V
17.5V
1
-2.0A
0A
2.0A
2
SEL>>
SEL>>
(7.6163,15.200)
I(pv)
0A
1.0A
• C1: IC=14.4
• SKIPBP
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options RELTOL=0.01
SOC1=10
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged,
stop charging
power drops.
Charging time
27

Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
1
0A
1.0A
2.0A
2
>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
25V
50V
75V
100V
12.5V
15.0V
17.5V
1
-2.0A
0A
2.0A
2
SEL>>
SEL>>
(20.473,14.003)
(7.6086,15.200)
(3.8973,14.000)
I(pv)
0A
1.0A
4.3.5 Simulation Result (SOC1=100, IL=3A or 15W load)
• C1: IC=16.4
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
SOC1=100 Fully charged,
stop charging
power drops.
Charging
time
V=Lopen
Shutdown
V=Lopen
Shutdown
28

4.3.4 Simulation Result (Example of Conclusion)
• If initial SOC is 100%,
– this system will never shutdown.
– this system will shutdown after 5.185 hours (about 5:11AM.).
– system load will reconnect again at 7:40AM (Morning).
– this system will start shutdown.
– this system will reconnect again at 7:37AM (Morning).
• With the PV generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about 4.25
hours.
29
The simulation start from midnight(time=0).
The system supplies DC load 7.5W.

4.3.4 Simulation Result (Example of Conclusion)
– this system will shutdown again at 8:28 PM (Night).
• With the PV generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about
5.5 hours.
30
The simulation start from midnight(time=0).
The system supplies DC load 15W.

お問合わせ先)
info@bee-tech.com
Bee Technologies Group
【本社】
株式会社ビー・テクノロジー
〒105-0012 東京都港区芝大門二丁目2番7号 7セントラルビル4階
代表電話: 03-5401-3851
設立日:2002年9月10日
資本金:8,830万円
【子会社】
Bee Technologies Corporation (アメリカ)
Siam Bee Technologies Co.,Ltd. (タイランド)
デバイスモデリング
スパイス・パーク(スパイスモデル・ライブラリー)
デザインキット
デバイスモデリング教材
31
本ドキュメントは予告なき変更をする場合がございます。
ご了承下さい。また、本文中に登場する製品及びサービス
の名称は全て関係各社または個人の各国における商標
または登録商標です。本原稿に関するお問い合わせは、
当社にご連絡下さい。

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