Pruning and Training of Trees.pdf

Pruning and Training of Trees
AG 2209
Practical No. 03
P.A.S.S. Pushpakumara | ATI - GAMPAHA

Why prune?
1. to maintain plant health.
2. to remove misshapen, crowded and rubbing branches and branches
with narrow crotch angles.
3. to increase flowering and fruiting.
4. to train plants to a particular size or shape
5. to rejuvenate old, overgrown shrubs and restore plant density, shape
and vigor.

Tools of the pruning
1. Secateurs

2. Loppers

3. Hedge Shears

4. Pruning Saw

5. Pole saw

6. Hedge trimmer

Proper pruning techniques

Thinning cuts
• to remove a main or side branch

Severe renewal pruning

When to prune?
Physiological considerations
• When plants are dormant and before buds start to swell and open.
• After the foliage has matured
• When powdery mildew or fire blight diseases are active

When to prune?
Habits of flowering trees and shrubs
• pruning in early season promotes shoot growth and allows time for
new flower buds to develop for next season.
• As needed, lightly thin branches on the plant during the dormant
season in fruit trees.

When to prune?
Habits of broadleaf and narrow-leaf evergreens
• Evergreens are pruned primarily to increase foliage density and to
reduce plant size.
• Conifers, broadleaf and narrow-leaf evergreens may be pruned any
time.
Habits of vines and ground covers
• once or twice during the growing season to control growth.

• Remove branches that grow inward or
threaten to rub against nearby branches.
• Remove branches that grow downward from
the main limbs
• Prune branches damaged by insects,
diseases, winter cold or storms below the
damaged area.
• Remove at the base of the trunk and many
upright succulent shoots (or watersprouts)
along the main branches.

Training - Terminology
• Trunk: Main stem of the plant.
• Head: Point on the trunk from which first branch arise
• Scaffold branches: Main branches arising from the head are known as
scaffold branches.
• Crotch: The angle made by scaffold limb to the trunk or the secondary
branch to scaffold limb is called crotch.
• Leader: The main growing branch from ground level upto the tip
dominating all other branches.
• Spur: Numerous shoot growth which are abundant over the fruit
trees and upon which most of the fruit is borne

A well-shaped tree with a central leader form.
Note
the even spacing of the scaffold branches down
the trunk & wide branch angles.

Branches that begin to grow inward toward the center of the tree should be cut out, as shown.
• A tree pruned properly
when young should
need little pruning
when mature.
• Desuckering may be
necessary, along with
removal of branches broken
by wind or
growing toward the
center of the tree.

Pruning Shrubs - Thinning
Thinning can be done with
hand pruners, if stems are
small, or with loppers, if the shrub is
heavily overgrown
with large stems.

Pruning Shrubs - Heading Back
• Heading back is
done with hand
pruners to remove
straggly growth or
to limit size.
Pruning a shrub to increase its density by heading back.

Pruning to an outward-pointing bud.
If possible, stems should
be cut back to just above
an outward-pointing bud
or branch.
This will encourage new
growth to develop outward
and eliminate crossing
branches.

Pruning Shrubs - Renewal Pruning
• half the
branches can be
removed
the first year
and the
remainder the
second year.

Hedge trimming

Pruning Shrubs - Hedges

Thank You

Pruning and Training of Trees.pdf

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