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The document discusses and compares three major international frameworks for reducing poverty: 1. Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) - Adopted in 1999 by the World Bank and IMF, PRSPs require nationally-owned strategies for concessional lending and debt relief. Targets for PRSPs in Bangladesh included 10% GDP growth by 2017 and 100% free primary education by 2010. 2. Millennium Development Goals (MDG) - Adopted in 2000, MDGs aimed to reduce extreme poverty, hunger, promote education and gender equality, and improve health by 2015. Targets included eliminating poverty and hunger. 3. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) -
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Economic planning in india mod
The document discusses the different models of economic growth pursued in India since independence. It begins by describing the Nehru-Mahalanobis model which emphasized rapid development of heavy industry to create an industrial base and self-reliance. This was later supplemented by the Gandhian model focusing on agriculture and small industries for employment. Finally, the Rao-Manmohan model introduced in 1991 focused on liberalization, privatization and globalization.
EEDC Brochure English
This document is a brochure for the Egypt Economic Development Conference (EEDC). It includes welcoming remarks from the President of Egypt highlighting the conference's vision of hope and opportunity for Egypt's economic prosperity. It outlines the conference objectives of presenting Egypt's economic development vision and investment opportunities. The brochure provides an introduction to Egypt's economic development strategy focusing on macroeconomic stability, social inclusion, and job-creating growth. It also lists the sectors seen as having the highest potential, such as housing, energy, agriculture, and information technology.
Planning mechanism in India
Planning is the deliberate control of an economy by a central authority to achieve targets within a specified period. There are various types of planning based on factors like time, geography, and level of centralization. Centralized planning involves a central authority making all decisions, while decentralized planning involves grassroots input. Socialist planning relies entirely on the central authority, while capitalist planning allows more market forces. The success of planning depends on choosing the appropriate type to meet a country's needs and objectives like development, employment, and resource allocation.
Economic planning
The document discusses economic planning, defining it as making decisions about how resources are used. It notes that in communist countries, the government makes both micro and macro economic decisions. It then lists some objectives and significance of economic planning, such as increasing national income, achieving full employment, industrial development, and self-sufficiency in food. In conclusion, it states that economic planning helps mobilize and allocate resources in a desired manner to achieve objectives like reducing inequality and balanced regional growth.
Planning in India
The Planning Commission was established in 1950 by the Government of India to promote equitable economic and social development. Its key responsibilities included assessing resources, formulating plans to utilize resources effectively, and determining priorities. The first Five-Year Plan was launched in 1951.
Over time, the Planning Commission guided several Five-Year Plans and the annual plans between them. The Plans aimed to achieve objectives like equitable growth, poverty alleviation, food security, employment generation, and self-reliance. Major sectors like agriculture, industry, education, health, rural development, and infrastructure received significant allocations to foster balanced development across the country.
Economic Planning
This document discusses various types of economic planning. It begins by defining economic planning as the deliberate direction of economic activity towards chosen ends by a central planning authority. It then discusses the need for planning in underdeveloped countries to increase development rates and mobilize resources. The key aspects of successful plan formulation include establishing a planning commission, collecting statistical data, setting objectives, mobilizing resources, balancing the plan, and implementing proper development policies. The document also compares different approaches to planning such as planning by direction vs inducement, democratic vs totalitarian planning, centralized vs decentralized planning, and structural vs functional planning.
Regional imbalances
Regional imbalances or disparities means wide differences in per capita income, literacy rates, health and education services, levels of industrialization, etc. between different regions. Regions may be either States or regions within a State. In India there are enormous imbalances on various accounts. The exploitative nature of British colonial rule either created or accentuated regional disparities. The planning in independent India has also not been able to remove these disparities. Balanced regional development has always been an essential component of the Indian development strategy. Since all parts of the country are not equally well endowed with physical and human resources to take advantage of growth opportunities, and since historical inequalities have not been eliminated, planned intervention is required to ensure that large regional imbalances do not occur. Spectacular growth attained by some regions and in some sectors in India, after independence, is in contrast to low levels of development still prevailing in many parts. Therefore, it was felt that the State had a major role to play in removing disparities. This commitment was reflected in the Constitution and in planning objectives. Two major institutions, which were expected to work towards reducing the regional imbalances after independence, were the Finance Commission and the NITI Aayog (Planning Commission) . The Finance Commission has only limited role to play. Hence, more responsibility is vested on the NITI Aayog (Planning Commission). India’s successive Five Year Plans have stressed the need to develop backward regions of the country. In promoting regional balanced development, public sector enterprises were located in backward areas of the country during the early phase of economic planning. In spite of pro-backward areas policies and programmes, considerable economic and social inequalities exist among different States of India, as reflected in differences in per capita State Domestic Product. While income growth performance has diverged, there is welcome evidence of some convergence in education and health indicators across the states.
Liberalization, growth and regional disparities in india
The chapter reviews India's economic policies and growth performance since independence in three periods: 1950-1980, 1980-1991, and post-1991. During 1950-1980, import substitution and public sector-led industrialization were emphasized. Agriculture grew slowly initially but the Green Revolution boosted output after the 1960s. 1980-1991 saw some liberalization, including delicensing of industries, but agriculture saw no major policy changes. Economic reforms accelerated after 1991 with widespread deregulation and liberalization.
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Economic planning in india mod
The document discusses the different models of economic growth pursued in India since independence. It begins by describing the Nehru-Mahalanobis model which emphasized rapid development of heavy industry to create an industrial base and self-reliance. This was later supplemented by the Gandhian model focusing on agriculture and small industries for employment. Finally, the Rao-Manmohan model introduced in 1991 focused on liberalization, privatization and globalization.
EEDC Brochure English
This document is a brochure for the Egypt Economic Development Conference (EEDC). It includes welcoming remarks from the President of Egypt highlighting the conference's vision of hope and opportunity for Egypt's economic prosperity. It outlines the conference objectives of presenting Egypt's economic development vision and investment opportunities. The brochure provides an introduction to Egypt's economic development strategy focusing on macroeconomic stability, social inclusion, and job-creating growth. It also lists the sectors seen as having the highest potential, such as housing, energy, agriculture, and information technology.
Planning mechanism in India
Planning is the deliberate control of an economy by a central authority to achieve targets within a specified period. There are various types of planning based on factors like time, geography, and level of centralization. Centralized planning involves a central authority making all decisions, while decentralized planning involves grassroots input. Socialist planning relies entirely on the central authority, while capitalist planning allows more market forces. The success of planning depends on choosing the appropriate type to meet a country's needs and objectives like development, employment, and resource allocation.
Economic planning
The document discusses economic planning, defining it as making decisions about how resources are used. It notes that in communist countries, the government makes both micro and macro economic decisions. It then lists some objectives and significance of economic planning, such as increasing national income, achieving full employment, industrial development, and self-sufficiency in food. In conclusion, it states that economic planning helps mobilize and allocate resources in a desired manner to achieve objectives like reducing inequality and balanced regional growth.
Planning in India
The Planning Commission was established in 1950 by the Government of India to promote equitable economic and social development. Its key responsibilities included assessing resources, formulating plans to utilize resources effectively, and determining priorities. The first Five-Year Plan was launched in 1951.
Over time, the Planning Commission guided several Five-Year Plans and the annual plans between them. The Plans aimed to achieve objectives like equitable growth, poverty alleviation, food security, employment generation, and self-reliance. Major sectors like agriculture, industry, education, health, rural development, and infrastructure received significant allocations to foster balanced development across the country.
Economic Planning
This document discusses various types of economic planning. It begins by defining economic planning as the deliberate direction of economic activity towards chosen ends by a central planning authority. It then discusses the need for planning in underdeveloped countries to increase development rates and mobilize resources. The key aspects of successful plan formulation include establishing a planning commission, collecting statistical data, setting objectives, mobilizing resources, balancing the plan, and implementing proper development policies. The document also compares different approaches to planning such as planning by direction vs inducement, democratic vs totalitarian planning, centralized vs decentralized planning, and structural vs functional planning.
Regional imbalances
Regional imbalances or disparities means wide differences in per capita income, literacy rates, health and education services, levels of industrialization, etc. between different regions. Regions may be either States or regions within a State. In India there are enormous imbalances on various accounts. The exploitative nature of British colonial rule either created or accentuated regional disparities. The planning in independent India has also not been able to remove these disparities. Balanced regional development has always been an essential component of the Indian development strategy. Since all parts of the country are not equally well endowed with physical and human resources to take advantage of growth opportunities, and since historical inequalities have not been eliminated, planned intervention is required to ensure that large regional imbalances do not occur. Spectacular growth attained by some regions and in some sectors in India, after independence, is in contrast to low levels of development still prevailing in many parts. Therefore, it was felt that the State had a major role to play in removing disparities. This commitment was reflected in the Constitution and in planning objectives. Two major institutions, which were expected to work towards reducing the regional imbalances after independence, were the Finance Commission and the NITI Aayog (Planning Commission) . The Finance Commission has only limited role to play. Hence, more responsibility is vested on the NITI Aayog (Planning Commission). India’s successive Five Year Plans have stressed the need to develop backward regions of the country. In promoting regional balanced development, public sector enterprises were located in backward areas of the country during the early phase of economic planning. In spite of pro-backward areas policies and programmes, considerable economic and social inequalities exist among different States of India, as reflected in differences in per capita State Domestic Product. While income growth performance has diverged, there is welcome evidence of some convergence in education and health indicators across the states.
Liberalization, growth and regional disparities in india
The chapter reviews India's economic policies and growth performance since independence in three periods: 1950-1980, 1980-1991, and post-1991. During 1950-1980, import substitution and public sector-led industrialization were emphasized. Agriculture grew slowly initially but the Green Revolution boosted output after the 1960s. 1980-1991 saw some liberalization, including delicensing of industries, but agriculture saw no major policy changes. Economic reforms accelerated after 1991 with widespread deregulation and liberalization.
Economic planning
The document discusses economic planning and development in India between 1950-1990. It describes the objectives of economic planning as promoting economic growth, modernization, self-reliance, and equity. Key policies and initiatives during this period included land reforms and ceilings, promoting the green revolution in agriculture, establishing public enterprises and import substitution to lead industrialization, and adopting an inward-looking trade strategy to substitute imports. The public sector was given a leading role to create a strong industrial base and infrastructure, mobilize savings, and prevent concentration of economic power.
Sikkim State Report February 2018
Sikkim has a largely agrarian economy based on rice, maize, millet, wheat, barley, oranges, tea and cardamom. It is the largest producer of cardamom in India. The state budget focuses on developing organic farming and launching new agricultural schemes. Sikkim was certified as India's first fully organic state in 2016. It has a strong potential for the medicinal plants industry due to the variety of plants grown. Infrastructure development, tourism and floriculture also offer business opportunities for economic growth.
Planning in india 1
The document discusses the Planning Commission of India. It outlines the Commission's functions such as formulating national plans, assessing resources, prioritizing development goals. It also describes the organizational structure including the National Development Council and the process for developing 5-year plans through stakeholder consultation and independent evaluation.
Economic planning
The document discusses India's history of economic planning through five-year plans since 1951. It outlines the objectives and focus of each five-year plan such as promoting industrialization, agriculture, poverty alleviation, and self-reliance. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to coordinate and execute the plans aimed at equitable resource use, economic growth, and reducing economic disparities across regions. Each successive plan targeted higher GDP growth rates with varying degrees of achievement.
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Development planning in Bangladesh
This document discusses development planning in Bangladesh. It begins by defining development planning and outlining its objectives. It then describes Bangladesh's institutional arrangements for development planning, including the Planning Commission established in 1972. It outlines the different types of development plans used in Bangladesh, including short-term annual plans, medium-term five-year plans, and long-term perspective plans. It provides details on several five-year plans and Bangladesh's shift to Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. It concludes by summarizing the goals of Bangladesh's Perspective Plan for 2010-2021.
Regional disperities
This document summarizes a presentation on regional disparities in development in India. It discusses how overall development indicators can mask regional differences, and analyzing development at a regional level can help target programs to underdeveloped areas. As examples, it provides population and economic output data for two districts in Assam showing disparities. Key causes of disparities discussed include natural factors like geography and resources, as well as man-made factors like agriculture, industry, education and demography. The document also lists some remedies for reducing disparities like proper government planning, technological development, education improvement, resource utilization, and international cooperation.
Eco. planning of Pakistan
this slide help to you about the economy system of Pakistan and make it easier to identified the what is economy of Pakistan ..
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The document summarizes the role and history of India's Planning Commission. It defines the Planning Commission as the institution that formulates India's five-year plans and is chaired by the Prime Minister. It outlines the need for planning after partition and independence to address economic, social and technological challenges. Key details provided include the objectives and targets of the initial plans from 1951-1956 to 2002-2007 and the roles and functions of the Planning Commission in resource allocation, priority setting, and appraising progress.
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This document provides an overview of topics related to the Indian economy that may be covered in the UPSC Prelims 2016 exam, including terms used in the Indian economy, planning, poverty and unemployment, economic reforms, inflation, and monetary policy. It defines key economic concepts and terms, describes India's various Five-Year Plans since 1951 and their objectives, outlines approaches to measuring and addressing poverty, and explains tools and objectives of monetary policy in India like the bank rate, cash reserve ratio, and statutory liquidity ratio.
The Paradigm Shift from MDGs to SDGs: An Analysis on Livelihood Opportunities...
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This document discusses strategies for achieving SDG 1 of ending poverty at the local level. It outlines 7 targets and 14 indicators for SDG 1. It emphasizes the important role of local actors like self-help groups, panchayats, and civil society organizations in collaborating with government programs to increase livelihood opportunities, converge anti-poverty initiatives, and provide social security for vulnerable populations. The document also stresses the need to build resilience to environmental, economic, and social disasters through local disaster management and tracking impacts on poor communities. Mobilizing adequate resources from various sources to implement poverty elimination policies is also highlighted.
Evaluating poverty reduction strategy paper a civil society perspective
This document provides an analysis of Pakistan's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) from a civil society perspective. It discusses the genesis of the PRSP process, noting that PRSPs were introduced by the IMF and World Bank in 1999 to link debt relief to poverty reduction. The document outlines key principles of the PRSP approach such as country ownership and participation. It then discusses Pakistan's PRSP process, noting the interim PRSP in 2001 and final PRSP in 2003. The document argues that Pakistan's PRSP lacks a rights-based approach and consumer protection framework. It also notes limited civil society participation and lack of focus on key issues like health and governance.
Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP) and Disaster Risk Reduction in Assam,...
Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP) and Disaster Risk Reduction in Assam,...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
GPDP (GRAM PANCHAYAT DEVELOPMENT PLAN) is a comprehensive plan for complete development of the village panchayat (Local self Governence). It aims to expand the governing space of the Village Panchayat and to empower it as a development institution. By comprehension, it is meant to say that the plan is aimed at: Improving the basic amenities of the village panchayat. This includes sanitation, connectivity, drinking water, storm water drainage, burial grounds, etc........................................
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Economic planning
The document discusses economic planning and development in India between 1950-1990. It describes the objectives of economic planning as promoting economic growth, modernization, self-reliance, and equity. Key policies and initiatives during this period included land reforms and ceilings, promoting the green revolution in agriculture, establishing public enterprises and import substitution to lead industrialization, and adopting an inward-looking trade strategy to substitute imports. The public sector was given a leading role to create a strong industrial base and infrastructure, mobilize savings, and prevent concentration of economic power.
Sikkim State Report February 2018
Sikkim has a largely agrarian economy based on rice, maize, millet, wheat, barley, oranges, tea and cardamom. It is the largest producer of cardamom in India. The state budget focuses on developing organic farming and launching new agricultural schemes. Sikkim was certified as India's first fully organic state in 2016. It has a strong potential for the medicinal plants industry due to the variety of plants grown. Infrastructure development, tourism and floriculture also offer business opportunities for economic growth.
Planning in india 1
The document discusses the Planning Commission of India. It outlines the Commission's functions such as formulating national plans, assessing resources, prioritizing development goals. It also describes the organizational structure including the National Development Council and the process for developing 5-year plans through stakeholder consultation and independent evaluation.
Economic planning
The document discusses India's history of economic planning through five-year plans since 1951. It outlines the objectives and focus of each five-year plan such as promoting industrialization, agriculture, poverty alleviation, and self-reliance. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to coordinate and execute the plans aimed at equitable resource use, economic growth, and reducing economic disparities across regions. Each successive plan targeted higher GDP growth rates with varying degrees of achievement.
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This document provides an overview of various types of planning, including: physical and financial planning; short term and long term planning; structural and functional planning; socialist, capitalist, and mixed economy planning; centralized and decentralized planning; democratic and totalitarian planning; permanent and emergency planning; regional, national, and international planning; micro level planning; and rolling planning. For each type of planning, a brief definition and some key features are described.
Development planning in Bangladesh
This document discusses development planning in Bangladesh. It begins by defining development planning and outlining its objectives. It then describes Bangladesh's institutional arrangements for development planning, including the Planning Commission established in 1972. It outlines the different types of development plans used in Bangladesh, including short-term annual plans, medium-term five-year plans, and long-term perspective plans. It provides details on several five-year plans and Bangladesh's shift to Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. It concludes by summarizing the goals of Bangladesh's Perspective Plan for 2010-2021.
Regional disperities
This document summarizes a presentation on regional disparities in development in India. It discusses how overall development indicators can mask regional differences, and analyzing development at a regional level can help target programs to underdeveloped areas. As examples, it provides population and economic output data for two districts in Assam showing disparities. Key causes of disparities discussed include natural factors like geography and resources, as well as man-made factors like agriculture, industry, education and demography. The document also lists some remedies for reducing disparities like proper government planning, technological development, education improvement, resource utilization, and international cooperation.
Eco. planning of Pakistan
this slide help to you about the economy system of Pakistan and make it easier to identified the what is economy of Pakistan ..
Planning commission...
The document summarizes the role and history of India's Planning Commission. It defines the Planning Commission as the institution that formulates India's five-year plans and is chaired by the Prime Minister. It outlines the need for planning after partition and independence to address economic, social and technological challenges. Key details provided include the objectives and targets of the initial plans from 1951-1956 to 2002-2007 and the roles and functions of the Planning Commission in resource allocation, priority setting, and appraising progress.
Budget – 2013 2014, upsc slide, edu zone
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The thrust of this study was to determine the impact of micro credit on the MSMEs sector in CRS,
Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated from the research questions and tested by using chi-square statistic
to validate the truth or otherwise of the hypotheses. Ex-post factor research design was adopted and a sample
size of 158 respondents was selected and used for the study. A structured questionnaire was used in obtaining
the data. In testing the hypotheses, all the calculated chi-square values were greater than the critical chi-square
value at the given level of significance and degree of freedom. This resulted in rejecting the null hypotheses
while the alternate hypotheses were retained. The results indicated that micro credit programmes have
significant effect on MSMEs in CRS. Equally, credit administration has a significant effect on the performance
of microcredit programmes and that collateral requirements on MSMEs have significant effect on obtaining
credit from microfinance institutions in CRS. Arising from the findings, the study recommends that government
should make more microcredit programmes available for the development of MSMEs in CRS. There should be
efficiency in credit administration on the part of both government and the private sector so as to enhance the
performance of microcredit programmes in CRS and also collateral requirements should be minimized, while
low interest rate should be charged on micro, small and medium enterprises so as to enhance obtaining of credit
facilities from microfinance institutions in the State.Union budget watch 2014 15
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- Pakistan has a population of approximately 199.71 million people as of 2016-17, with high population growth and fertility rates remaining issues. The government runs various programs to address this through facilities like family planning centers.
- The unemployment rate has decreased in recent years due to youth programs by the government aimed at generating job opportunities, including small business loans, training, and laptop distributions.
- Life expectancy has increased slightly for both males and females from 2015-2017 due to improved healthcare access. The government allocates substantial funds to population welfare programs through development plans.
Problem of poverty
This document discusses the meaning and measurement of poverty in India. It defines the poverty line as the minimum level of consumption needed to satisfy basic human needs. In rural areas, this is Rs. 673 per month and in urban areas it is Rs. 860 per month based on the Tendulkar Committee's 2009 assessment. The document outlines various government programs aimed at poverty alleviation, including employment generation programs, asset acquisition programs, and programs providing loans, infrastructure and minimum needs. However, it notes poverty remains a major problem due to factors like defective planning and lack of sufficient economic growth and price stability.
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This document provides information about developing a National Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (NSDRR) in Rwanda. It includes a country profile of Rwanda that outlines demographic and climate information. It also describes the key hazards Rwanda faces, including floods, landslides, and storms. The document defines what a DRR strategy is and explains why it is important for Rwanda to develop a NSDRR to reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience. It outlines 10 steps to develop the NSDRR, including understanding the country context, defining objectives, and setting up a monitoring process. Finally, it provides an example table of contents for the NSDRR to guide its development.
Presentation on swarnjayanti gram swarozgar yojana (sgsy
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The document provides an overview of the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), a self-employment program in India. Key points include:
1) SGSY was established in 1999 by combining several existing rural employment programs. Its goals are to reduce poverty and generate self-employment opportunities through micro-enterprises.
2) The program focuses on organizing the rural poor into self-help groups (SHGs) which receive training and funding to start small businesses. Infrastructure development and identifying key local industries are also priorities.
3) SHGs go through stages of formation, stabilization, obtaining microcredit, and developing micro-enterprises. They are expected to help empower women andIAS General Studies - Startergy @ Namma IAS
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Prsp+mdg+sdg
- 1. These I will discuses here today: PRSP- ( Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper). MDG- ( Millennium Development Goals). SDG- ( Sustainable Development Goals). Various Pilot Project & Economic Models For Ensuring Economic Growth. Head-Line: Asha Duzzaman BSS(Hon’s),-- MSS(BRUR) (Student) (Department of Political Science) (Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur) Phone: 01767235501, E-mail: ashad.brur05@gmail.com
- 2. POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER (PRSP) : In September 1999, the World Bank Group and the IMF decided that nationally-owned participatory poverty reduction strategies should provide the basis for all their concessional lending and eligibility for debt relief under the enhanced heavily indebted poor countries ( HIPC ). We need to learn about these features of “PRSP” THE STRATEGIES OF ‘’PRSP’’ TO REDUCE POIVERTY ACQUIREMENT INDEX, TERGET & TIME-LIMIT TO ACHIEVE THE IMPACT OF “PRSP” IN THE REAL FACE OF OUR STATE
- 3. ACQUIREMENT INDEX, TERGET & TIME-LIMIT TO ACHIEVE-(PRSP) With-in 2017 “GDP’’ need to be increased almost 10% With-in 2010 , primary education would be 100% full-free Ensured food & residency ALMOST 85% EMPLOYMENT CAPACITY
- 4. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS- (MDG) These We Need To Know THE STRATEGIES OF ‘’MDG’’TO REDUCE POIVERTY ACQUIREMENT INDEX, TERGET & TIME-LIMIT TO ACHIEVE THE IMPACT OF “MDG” IN THE REAL FACE OF OUR STATE
- 5. TERGET, ACQUIREMENT & TIME-LIMIT TO ACHIEVE- (MDG) ELIMINATE EXTRIME POVERTY & HUNGER UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION WOMAN EMPOWERMENT & REDUCE GENDER DISCREMINATION MOTHER & CHILD HELTH NEED TO BE DEVELOPED ELIMINATE HIV, AIDS, MALERIA………….. ENVERONMENTAL FRIENDLY POLICY TAKING
- 6. SDG- ( Sustainable Development Goals) These We Need To Know WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS? THE NECESITY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. THE STRATEGIES OF ‘’MDG’’TO REDUCE POIVERTY. ACQUIREMENT INDEX, TERGET & TIME-LIMIT TO ACHIEVE. THE IMPACT OF “MDG” IN THE REAL FACE OF OUR STATE. THE DEFARENCES BETWEEN ‘’SDG’’ & ‘’MDG
- 7. ‘’SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS’’ IS MORE FRIENDLY TO OUR ENVORNMENT , IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMET-CHANGE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL NEED TO EXEQUITE FOR SAVE OUR WORLD. WHICH ONE IS BETTER FOR OUR ENVORNMENT?........ …..OOOOOOPH…!!!!!! I CAN’T SURVIBE I……
- 8. Asha Duzzaman Phone: 01767235501 E-mail: ashad.brur05@gmail.com