The document outlines the principles and techniques of prototyping, emphasizing its purpose, importance, types, and the technologies involved. Prototyping serves to create early samples for testing concepts and improving designs through user feedback while reducing costs and development time. Essential milestones for planning and testing during the prototyping process are highlighted, along with the significance of stakeholder collaboration.

1. Prototyping
Its principles
and
Techniques

2. Outline
Purpose
Prototyping
Types
Importance
Prototyping Principles
When to Use Prototyping
Technologies
Planning Milestones for Prototyping
The Importance of Testing in Prototyping
Conclusion
References

3. Purpose
Learn about the importance of prototypes,
the principles of prototyping, the
technologies used, and how to plan
milestones for project.

4. Prototyping
A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or
process.
The prototyping model is a systems development method in which a prototype is built,
tested and then reworked as necessary until an acceptable outcome is achieved from
which the complete system or product can be developed.
It is an experimental process where design teams implement ideas into tangible forms
from paper to digital. Teams build prototypes of varying degrees of fidelity to capture
design concepts and test on users. With prototypes, you can refine and validate your
designs so your brand can release the right products.

5. Prototyping Concept to Reality

6. Types of Prototyping
Paper
Prototyping Sketching out
ideas and handcrafting
simple physical models using
paper, cardboard, or foam
board.
3D Printing
Creating a physical object
that can be tested and
iterated very quickly.
Digital
Prototyping Creating rough
demos and interactive
wireframes with prototyping
software and development
tools.

7. Types of Prototyping

8. Why Prototyping is Important
1. Better communication
• Showcasing visual representations can clearly communicate how the final
product might look and behave.
2. Testing and Iteration
• Prototype testing and iteration helps to identify potential issues and gather
valuable feedback for the final product.
3. Reduced Costs and Time
• Prototyping helps to reduce development costs by identifying design flaws
early and reducing wasted time.

9. Prototyping Principles
Analytical Prototypes Are Generally More Flexible Than Physical
Prototypes
Physical Prototypes Are Required to Detect Unanticipated Phenomena
A Prototype May Reduce the Risk of Costly Iterations
 Understand the audience and intent.
 Plan a little—prototype the rest.
 Set expectations.
 You can sketch.
 It's a prototype—not the Mona Lisa.
 If you can't make it, fake it.
 Prototype only what you need.
 Reduce risk—prototype early and often.

10. When to Use Prototyping
PROTOTYPES SHOULD BE USED WHEN
 TESTING CONCEPTS
 USER EXPERIENCE
 DESIGN FUNCTIONALITY
 WHEN PRESENTING TO STAKEHOLDERS.

11. Prototyping Technologies
 HUNDREDS OF DIFFERENT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES ARE USED TO CREATE
PROTOTYPES, PARTICULARLY PHYSICAL PROTOTYPES. TWO TECHNOLOGIES HAVE
EMERGED AS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT IN THE PAST 50 YEARS:
 CAD (COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN)
 3D PRINTING.

12. Prototyping Technologies Cont…
Tools for Creating Prototypes
Popular platforms include Sketch, Adobe XD, In-Vision, Figma, and 3D printing
software.
Comparing Different Prototyping Software
Each software has its own strengths and weaknesses, and choosing the right one
depends on one's needs and goals.
Pros and Cons of Each Technology
Tools for creating prototypes all have their upsides and downsides depending on the
project's requirements and demands.

13. Planning Milestones for Prototyping
Regardless of the needed fidelity, most prototypes will go through five
distinct stages:
Defining
focusing on features
Production
Testing
presenting.

14. Planning Milestones for Prototyping Cont…
Creating a Prototype Plan
Creating a plan is a crucial part
of the process to identify the
timeline and the variables
involved with the prototyping
process.
Setting Prototyping Expectations
The prototyping process
should be broken down into
phases, each with its goals,
deliverables, and timelines.
Collaborating with Stakeholders
Ensure all necessary
stakeholders participate in
the design and feedback
process.

15. The Importance
of Testing in
Prototyping
Testing is an essential part of
prototyping. Designs should be
tested continuously to gather
feedback, identify any faults, and
make improvements.

16. Conclusion
Iterate and Refine: Prototype testing provides invaluable
feedback to make improvements to the design.
Collaboration with all stakeholders helps to identify the
right design and direction.
Planning is Key
A solid plan can prevent waste of time and resources.

17. References
Prototyping methodologies and presentation techniques. (2021). Retrieved from
https://www.justinmind.com/prototyping/prototyping-methodology-techniques-presention ¹
Schrage, Michael, Serious Play: How the World’s Best Companies Simulate to Innovate, Harvard Business
School Press, Boston, 2000.
Lim, Y. K., Stolterman, E., & Tenenberg, J. (2008). The anatomy of prototypes: Prototypes as filters,
prototypes as manifestations of design ideas. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI),
15(2), 1-27.
Camburn, B., V. Viswanathan, J. Linsey, D. Anderson, D. Jensen, R. Crawford, K. Otto, and K. Wood, “Design
Prototyping Methods: State of the Art in Strategies, Techniques, and Guidelines.” Design Science, Vol. 3,
No. e13, 2017.
Riesbeck, C. K., & Schank, R. C. (1989). Inside case-based reasoning. Psychology Press.
Sauerwein, E., Bailom, F., Matzler, K., & Hinterhuber, H. H. (1996). The Kano model: How to delight your
customers. Preprints Volume I of the IX International Working Seminar on Production Economics, 313-327.

18. Thanks For
Listening…