This document provides an overview of the prostate gland, including its anatomy, physiology, common conditions like prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), associated risk factors, diagnostic criteria and treatment options. Key points: - The prostate gland produces fluid that nourishes sperm. It surrounds the urethra below the bladder. - Common conditions are prostatitis (inflammation) and BPH (enlargement). Prostatitis has acute bacterial and chronic types. - BPH is age-related and causes urinary symptoms due to prostate enlargement blocking urine flow. - Diagnosis involves exams, tests and symptom scores. Treatment options range from watchful waiting to medications

1. PROSTATE
By DR USMAN ALI
DR HAMZA NAEEM
DR MUJAHID HUSSAIN

2. PHYSIOLOGY
• The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located between the bladder and
the penis
• Prostate is an accessory gland of male reproductive system.
• It is also the largest accessory gland of the male body.
• It consist of glandular cells,stromal cells and smooth muscle cells.
• The prostate's(glandular cells) primary function is to produce the fluid
that nourishes and transports sperm (seminal fluid).
• The prostate also contains an enzyme 5-@-reductase-II which converts
testosterone to 5-DHT.

3. Anatomy
• The prostate gland is located just below the bladder in men and
surrounds the top portion of the urethra that drains urine from the
bladder.
• Below lies the Urogenital diaphragm.

4. Zones of Prostate
• Central zone
• Peripheral zone
The most common site for adenocarcinoma (70%)
• Transitional zone
(Most common site for BPH)

6. Lobes of Prostate
• It contains 5 lobes.
• Anterior,Posterior,Median and 2 Lateral lobes.

7. Blood supply of Prostate gland

8. Pathology
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
• CA-Prostate
• Prostatitis

9. Prostatitis
Prostatitis is inflammation (swelling) of the prostate
gland. It can be very painful and distressing, but will
often get better eventually. Prostatitis can come on at
any age.

10. Types of Prostatis
There are generally four types of prostatitis:
Acute bacterial prostatitis, a bacterial infection of the
prostate usually with sudden, severe symptoms
Chronic bacterial prostatitis, ongoing or recurring bacterial
infection usually with less severe symptoms
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, ongoing
or recurring pelvic pain and urinary tract symptoms with no
evidence of infection
Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis, signs of an
inflamed prostate with no symptoms

11. Risk factors for prostatitis
had a recent urinary tract infection (UTI)
a urinary catheter,
Had a prostate biopsy.
a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
HIV or AIDS.

12. Diagnosis of Prostatitis
Digital rectal exam. With this procedure, your
health care provider inserts a lubricated, gloved
finger into your rectum to detect inflammation of the
prostate.
Urine test.
Blood test.
Prostatic specimen test

13. Treatment
 I/V antibiotics
 @ blockers to relieve the urinary symptoms
 Pain killers
 Lifestyle and home remedies
 The following remedies might ease some symptoms of
prostatitis:
 Soak in a warm bath (sitz bath) or use a heating pad.
 Limit or avoid alcohol, caffeine, and spicy or acidic
foods, which can irritate your bladder.
 Drink plenty of water. This will cause you to urinate
more and help flush bacteria from your bladder.

14. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
• also called prostate gland enlargement — is a common condition as
men get older. An enlarged prostate gland can cause uncomfortable
urinary symptoms, such as blocking the flow of urine out of the
bladder. It can also cause bladder, urinary tract or kidney problems.
• It’s a testosterone depedendent benign tumor

15. Pathophysiology
• 5-@-reductase is produced from glandular cells which converts
testosterone to 5DHT more the 5-@-reductase more is the conversion
of testosterone to 5DHT a viscious cycle starts which results in
prostate enlargement and ultimately symptoms appear.

16. Symptoms of BPH
• Mechanical Components
• Dynamic components
• Irritative Symptoms
Dysuria
Frequency
Urgency
Nocturia
Urge incontinence

17. • Obstructive Symptoms
Poor stream
Hesitancy
Incomplete emptying
Intermittent stream
Post void dribbling
Urinary retention

18. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
• IPSS
TOTAL 35
0-7 MILD
8-19 MODERATE
20-35 SEVERE
• USG
• DRE
• URODYNAMIC STUDIES
• CYSTOURETHROSCOPY
• PSA
LESS Than 4ng/ml normal
>4-10 suspicion of UTI and instrumentation
>20 highly suspicious of prostatic Cancer

19. COMPLICATIONS OF BPH
• Acute urinary retention.
• Chronic, or long lasting, urinary retention.
• Blood in the urine.
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Bladder damage.
• Kidney damage.
• Bladder stones.

20. TREATMENT
• Watchful waiting
• Medical management
@-blockers (Tamsolin)
5-@-reductase Inhibitors(Fenestride)
• Surgical Treatment
• Turp (Transurethral resection of prostate)
• TVP
• Retropubic prostactomy
• TUNA

21. Complications of TVP

22. COMPLICATIONS OF TURP