The aim of this paper is to explore the challenges faced by the women entrepreneur in Sylhet city as well as also exploring their prospects. Women also play a vital role for the growth of the economy especially in small and medium sector. The SME sector has higher growth rate than the industrial sector. It contributes big role for developing entrepreneurship and labor absorption. It also plays a vital role in economy and social development. it's contribute significantly for entrepreneurship development, employment generation and utilize the potentiality. Women in Bangladesh are still remaining vulnerable to poverty and social deprivation. Although the situation is now changing. A woman has to invest a lot of time for household work and child rearing but they are investing the extra time to business sector to support their family and also utilizing their hidden potentiality. A structure questionnaire has been used to collect data by survey and the target population is women entrepreneur in Sylhet city. This city has been choosing because a huge amount of remittance comes from abroad. In this study also try to find out the motivational factors that induce them to be entrepreneur. finally put some suggestion to minimize the challenges.
Bangladesh has enormous young women and productive workforce that will get an opportunity to involve in Small
and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector. This paper aims to investigate the factors that affect women involvement as
entrepreneur in SMEs sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction in Bangladesh. The study
adopts the quantitative analysis of possible factors that may affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs
sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction. By using Convenient Sampling Technique, the
data has been collected from 300 respondents. Data are analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation and
regression analysis. From the outcomes of descriptive statistics analysis, the study is found that business experience,
business plan, practical knowledge, security, interest & hobby, others business house profits, adequate capital,
business registration procedures, qualified leaders & trainers, and bank & financial institutions support are affected
women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs sector. From the results of regression analysis, this research is found
that economical, psychological, knowledge & skills, family, and legal & administrative as the essential factors,
which significantly affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs sector in Bangladesh. The research is
revealed that women entrepreneur, long-term business success and employment creation as the vital factors, which
notably affect economic development. The study is also revealed that economic development as the critical factor,
which considerably affects poverty reduction. This examination may contribute to these women entrepreneur issues.
The results of this investigation can be applied by government and non-government organization, public institutions,
rural development academy, policymakers and even researchers to inspire women involvement as entrepreneur in
SMEs sector. The researchers strongly expect that this investigation creates value to the literature because it uses a
conceptual framework to give explanation the factors that affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs
sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction in Bangladesh.
The role of women entrepreneurship in economic growth and problems and prospectsRANI REENA
women empowerment, women entrepreneurship, economic growth of India, problems facing by women entrepreneurs, government schemes for women entrepreneurs,The women consist of around 49.6% (Source: UN, World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. New York: United Nations) of global population. Women Entrepreneurship plays a very important role in the development of any nation. The Women entrepreneurship leads to the creation of capital as well led to the generation of many social benefits. However, entrepreneurship is not so popular and common in the developing nations like India. Women entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others and by being different also provide society with different solutions to management, organization and business problems as well as to the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities Therefore, sometime will be spent on what needs to be done in order to attain improved and more reliable estimates on the impact of entrepreneurship and in particular women’s entrepreneurship, on economic development. However, they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs. Through this study, we have tried to throw some lights on problems and opportunities for women in the area of entrepreneurship. One of the important dimensions of inclusive growth is women’s direct participation in nation’s progress.
Introduction, features of women entrepreneurship, why women become entrepreneurs, qualities, tips for women entrepreneurs, facilitating factors, opportunities, challenges, problems, remedial measures, steps taken by government, training programs, supporting agencies and about some famous women entrepreneurs
Bangladesh has enormous young women and productive workforce that will get an opportunity to involve in Small
and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector. This paper aims to investigate the factors that affect women involvement as
entrepreneur in SMEs sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction in Bangladesh. The study
adopts the quantitative analysis of possible factors that may affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs
sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction. By using Convenient Sampling Technique, the
data has been collected from 300 respondents. Data are analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation and
regression analysis. From the outcomes of descriptive statistics analysis, the study is found that business experience,
business plan, practical knowledge, security, interest & hobby, others business house profits, adequate capital,
business registration procedures, qualified leaders & trainers, and bank & financial institutions support are affected
women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs sector. From the results of regression analysis, this research is found
that economical, psychological, knowledge & skills, family, and legal & administrative as the essential factors,
which significantly affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs sector in Bangladesh. The research is
revealed that women entrepreneur, long-term business success and employment creation as the vital factors, which
notably affect economic development. The study is also revealed that economic development as the critical factor,
which considerably affects poverty reduction. This examination may contribute to these women entrepreneur issues.
The results of this investigation can be applied by government and non-government organization, public institutions,
rural development academy, policymakers and even researchers to inspire women involvement as entrepreneur in
SMEs sector. The researchers strongly expect that this investigation creates value to the literature because it uses a
conceptual framework to give explanation the factors that affect women involvement as entrepreneur in SMEs
sector, economic development and its impact on poverty reduction in Bangladesh.
The role of women entrepreneurship in economic growth and problems and prospectsRANI REENA
women empowerment, women entrepreneurship, economic growth of India, problems facing by women entrepreneurs, government schemes for women entrepreneurs,The women consist of around 49.6% (Source: UN, World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. New York: United Nations) of global population. Women Entrepreneurship plays a very important role in the development of any nation. The Women entrepreneurship leads to the creation of capital as well led to the generation of many social benefits. However, entrepreneurship is not so popular and common in the developing nations like India. Women entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others and by being different also provide society with different solutions to management, organization and business problems as well as to the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities Therefore, sometime will be spent on what needs to be done in order to attain improved and more reliable estimates on the impact of entrepreneurship and in particular women’s entrepreneurship, on economic development. However, they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs. Through this study, we have tried to throw some lights on problems and opportunities for women in the area of entrepreneurship. One of the important dimensions of inclusive growth is women’s direct participation in nation’s progress.
Introduction, features of women entrepreneurship, why women become entrepreneurs, qualities, tips for women entrepreneurs, facilitating factors, opportunities, challenges, problems, remedial measures, steps taken by government, training programs, supporting agencies and about some famous women entrepreneurs
Hurdles faced by women entrepreneurs and its solutionseTailing India
The Startup world is adding a new level-playing field and encouraging all to take the plunge. Unleashing the power of female entrepreneurship will have a dramatic effect on a country’s economy. Hence to bring forth a vision which lies ahead for many more contributions going to happen, we are proud to bring an entire week dedicated to the learning of Women Entrepreneurship. Named as “Women's Week Series”, it will be extremely useful for all the Women Entrepreneurs, Startup & Technology players and aspiring Women Business Women. Today is our 1st part of the Series where we highlight the main plights faced by Women while embracing Entrepreneurship
This Presentation will let you know about the Women Entrepreneurship in India over the last decade. This presentation will also let you know about the Factors, Causes, etc. regarding Women Entrepreneurship in India
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP_ CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTSKunthavai ..
This presentation brings knowledge about the problems and prospects faced by women entrepreneurship in current scenario and also explains the policy available for the developemnt
A Study on the Factors Influence Women Entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli DistrictArul Edison
The main objective of project is study factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli district, analyzing the socio economic cultural factors, government policy factors, family status factors, personal characteristic factors, financial factors, motivational factors, market and network factors. In this study researcher tried to identify the factors influencing women entrepreneurs, so that areas of improvement can be identified and necessary steps can be given for implementation. The research design adopted in this study comes under descriptive design. A descriptive study is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Trichy district. The sampling method used for this study is simple random sampling. In this study the researcher has adopted, independent sample t-test, multivariate analysis, correlation, regression, factor analysis comes under the data analysis. The study provides a comprehensive review of the 26 critical factors influencing the growth of women entrepreneurs particularly in Trichy as the factors are derived from the global literature on women entrepreneurship. These would aid in better positioning the significance of these critical factors towards the success of the entrepreneurs in Trichy and in general.
Development of women entrepreneurship in the SME sector has a crucial importance in a
developing country like Bangladesh where women constitute half of the total population. The majority of
them are underprivileged, under nourished, illiterate and poor. Hence, the development of women
entrepreneurship has tremendous potentials for transforming the society through socioeconomic
empowerment of the women. This potential is remained untapped in Bangladesh because of lower
number of women entrepreneurs in business and economic activities. According to the Bangladesh
Economic Review 2009, around six percent of the country’s $90 billion economy comes from SMEs,
which is also the largest sector in terms of employment generation. But the women entrepreneurs are less
than ten percent of the total entrepreneurs of the country. However, in the recent years, women
entrepreneurship in small retail businesses of the country has been increasing which is a good sign for
the positive growth of the economy.
Problems and Prospects of Woman Entrepreneurship – A Review of LiteratureIOSRJBM
Any nation, to grow today in the world of intense competition, requires entrepreneurs at the core of the economic development. Entrepreneurial activities and entrepreneurship has been dominated by males since ages. However, in the era of information technology, the women have become more aware and better educational facilities have enabled them to venture into this male dominated space. The women today have emerged as a key player in economic development of the nations. However this transformation of society is far from over and the women entrepreneurs not only face difficulties while starting up an enterprise but also during the running phase. Globally, they have become a key player in sustaining both social development and economic growth. However, in a country like India where almost 50% of population is made up of women, the number of enterprises run by women entrepreneurs is only 7.36% or out of 361.76 Lakh enterprises in the MSME sector, only 26.61 Lakh have women at the top. There are a number of socio-economic hurdles faced by the women while they attempt to venture into setting up and running their own enterprises. Hence, the paper discusses the status of the Women Entrepreneurs and their importance. Also, an attempt is made to identify the challenges faced by these women entrepreneurs, by reviewing various literatures and provide some suggestion for overcoming these obstacles
Role of Financial Institutions for the Development of Women Entrepreneurship ...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurship as an factor of economic development is now recognized. A number of financial institutions provide support to women entrepreneurs for their innovative and imaginative scheme of activities aimed at skill development for income and employment generation in different sectors. Besides, the society should also facilitate the growth of women by recognizing their talents and abilities. There has been a substantial growth in womens involvement in the economic activities all over the world over the past few decades. For this both the government and non-government agencies have to play a vital role. Despite the efforts of governmental and non-governmental organizations, the women entrepreneurs are facing many problems. It has been pointed out by many research studies that more than 70% of the problems faced by the women entrepreneurship are related with credit. Financial institutions have historically viewed women entrepreneurs as more doubtful preposition than men entrepreneurs.Today there is a greater development among women. If given the opportunity, they will deliver the outcome. It is therefore essential to encourage educated young women to entrepreneurial streams with financial, technical and scientific assistance. Hence, an integrated approach is necessary for making the movement of women entrepreneurship a success. Governmental and Non-governmental organizations should make more focused and directed efforts, and initiate specific programmes for women entrepreneurship development. Entrepreneurial development programmes should train, motivate, enhance and shape-up individual skills of women having market potential. The EDPs and MDPs can become a vital link for harnessing huge and unused human skills to channelize them towards accelerating the gender mainstreaming and position women entrepreneur on equivalence with men entrepreneurs. Dr. N. Rajendhiran | M. Kousalya Devi"Role of Financial Institutions for the Development of Women Entrepreneurship in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7095.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/7095/role-of-financial-institutions-for-the-development--of-women-entrepreneurship-in-india/dr-n-rajendhiran
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
Hurdles faced by women entrepreneurs and its solutionseTailing India
The Startup world is adding a new level-playing field and encouraging all to take the plunge. Unleashing the power of female entrepreneurship will have a dramatic effect on a country’s economy. Hence to bring forth a vision which lies ahead for many more contributions going to happen, we are proud to bring an entire week dedicated to the learning of Women Entrepreneurship. Named as “Women's Week Series”, it will be extremely useful for all the Women Entrepreneurs, Startup & Technology players and aspiring Women Business Women. Today is our 1st part of the Series where we highlight the main plights faced by Women while embracing Entrepreneurship
This Presentation will let you know about the Women Entrepreneurship in India over the last decade. This presentation will also let you know about the Factors, Causes, etc. regarding Women Entrepreneurship in India
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP_ CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTSKunthavai ..
This presentation brings knowledge about the problems and prospects faced by women entrepreneurship in current scenario and also explains the policy available for the developemnt
A Study on the Factors Influence Women Entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli DistrictArul Edison
The main objective of project is study factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Tiruchirappalli district, analyzing the socio economic cultural factors, government policy factors, family status factors, personal characteristic factors, financial factors, motivational factors, market and network factors. In this study researcher tried to identify the factors influencing women entrepreneurs, so that areas of improvement can be identified and necessary steps can be given for implementation. The research design adopted in this study comes under descriptive design. A descriptive study is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of factors influencing women entrepreneurs in Trichy district. The sampling method used for this study is simple random sampling. In this study the researcher has adopted, independent sample t-test, multivariate analysis, correlation, regression, factor analysis comes under the data analysis. The study provides a comprehensive review of the 26 critical factors influencing the growth of women entrepreneurs particularly in Trichy as the factors are derived from the global literature on women entrepreneurship. These would aid in better positioning the significance of these critical factors towards the success of the entrepreneurs in Trichy and in general.
Development of women entrepreneurship in the SME sector has a crucial importance in a
developing country like Bangladesh where women constitute half of the total population. The majority of
them are underprivileged, under nourished, illiterate and poor. Hence, the development of women
entrepreneurship has tremendous potentials for transforming the society through socioeconomic
empowerment of the women. This potential is remained untapped in Bangladesh because of lower
number of women entrepreneurs in business and economic activities. According to the Bangladesh
Economic Review 2009, around six percent of the country’s $90 billion economy comes from SMEs,
which is also the largest sector in terms of employment generation. But the women entrepreneurs are less
than ten percent of the total entrepreneurs of the country. However, in the recent years, women
entrepreneurship in small retail businesses of the country has been increasing which is a good sign for
the positive growth of the economy.
Problems and Prospects of Woman Entrepreneurship – A Review of LiteratureIOSRJBM
Any nation, to grow today in the world of intense competition, requires entrepreneurs at the core of the economic development. Entrepreneurial activities and entrepreneurship has been dominated by males since ages. However, in the era of information technology, the women have become more aware and better educational facilities have enabled them to venture into this male dominated space. The women today have emerged as a key player in economic development of the nations. However this transformation of society is far from over and the women entrepreneurs not only face difficulties while starting up an enterprise but also during the running phase. Globally, they have become a key player in sustaining both social development and economic growth. However, in a country like India where almost 50% of population is made up of women, the number of enterprises run by women entrepreneurs is only 7.36% or out of 361.76 Lakh enterprises in the MSME sector, only 26.61 Lakh have women at the top. There are a number of socio-economic hurdles faced by the women while they attempt to venture into setting up and running their own enterprises. Hence, the paper discusses the status of the Women Entrepreneurs and their importance. Also, an attempt is made to identify the challenges faced by these women entrepreneurs, by reviewing various literatures and provide some suggestion for overcoming these obstacles
Role of Financial Institutions for the Development of Women Entrepreneurship ...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurship as an factor of economic development is now recognized. A number of financial institutions provide support to women entrepreneurs for their innovative and imaginative scheme of activities aimed at skill development for income and employment generation in different sectors. Besides, the society should also facilitate the growth of women by recognizing their talents and abilities. There has been a substantial growth in womens involvement in the economic activities all over the world over the past few decades. For this both the government and non-government agencies have to play a vital role. Despite the efforts of governmental and non-governmental organizations, the women entrepreneurs are facing many problems. It has been pointed out by many research studies that more than 70% of the problems faced by the women entrepreneurship are related with credit. Financial institutions have historically viewed women entrepreneurs as more doubtful preposition than men entrepreneurs.Today there is a greater development among women. If given the opportunity, they will deliver the outcome. It is therefore essential to encourage educated young women to entrepreneurial streams with financial, technical and scientific assistance. Hence, an integrated approach is necessary for making the movement of women entrepreneurship a success. Governmental and Non-governmental organizations should make more focused and directed efforts, and initiate specific programmes for women entrepreneurship development. Entrepreneurial development programmes should train, motivate, enhance and shape-up individual skills of women having market potential. The EDPs and MDPs can become a vital link for harnessing huge and unused human skills to channelize them towards accelerating the gender mainstreaming and position women entrepreneur on equivalence with men entrepreneurs. Dr. N. Rajendhiran | M. Kousalya Devi"Role of Financial Institutions for the Development of Women Entrepreneurship in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7095.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/7095/role-of-financial-institutions-for-the-development--of-women-entrepreneurship-in-india/dr-n-rajendhiran
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
An Investigation of the Effect of Challenges Encounters Female Entrepreneuria...AkashSharma618775
The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities is such a satisfying ideal that has proven to
convey positive contribution towards economic process. To ascertain this; the subject matter has presented herein.
Such presentation has been done by giving detailed analysis of the effects of challenges encounters female
entrepreneurial taking Malaysia, which is one of the transformed economies as the country of context. There is a
promising growth in entrepreneurial activities in the recent years in Malaysia; yet, this growth has seen to have
many male entrepreneurs leaving females with minimal rate of participation. There are challenges identified,
evaluated and analyzed to be the very reasons that leads to this scenario. The study employed three challenges
called economic, resource and cultural extracted from Isa et al., (2018); the challenges which are henceforth
implemented as independent variables (IVs) of the study. The study has found the significant correlation between
each of these IVs (EoC) and its subject matter; that’s female entrepreneurial (FE) in Malaysia the DV with the
significant levels of 0.026 and 0.012 respectively. The extent of effects was regretted to be 62% within the inverse
correlation of 0.89 to mean that the increase of EoC results to the decrease of FE and the decrease of EoC leads to
the increase of FE. The statistical analytics were measured using SPSS and data were secondarily reviewed from
the study of Hossain et al., (2018). For further researches; an expansion to reach other stakeholders like police
makers and officers of financial institutions has been recommended because, this study has been established on the
mere perspectives and opinions of entrepreneurs and not other stakeholders of entreprenerial activities.
this gives a edp in india
all the details regarding the growth of entrerpreneurship devolopment is available in this project.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Women entrepreneur may be defined as a woman or group of women who initiate, organize, and run a business enterprise. In terms of Schumpeter concept of innovative entrepreneurs, women who innovate, imitate or adopt a business activity are called “Women Entrepreneurs”.
Factors affecting the Success of Female Entrepreneurs in KurdistanAI Publications
Transforming ideas into economic opportunities is the decisive issue of entrepreneurship. It is considered a driver of economic growth and development. History shows that economic progress has been significantly advanced by pragmatic people who are entrepreneurial and innovative. It has become increasingly apparent that entrepreneurship indeed contributes to economic development. In Kurdistan region of Iraq, there are a few successful entrepreneurs and not one of them are female. Thus, meaning that there are factors preventing females from becoming entrepreneurs in Kurdistan. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the barriers of success of female entrepreneurs in Kurdistan by studying 6 factors which consisted of cultural, family, financial, training, , and gender discrimination. The research design used quantitative method and involved quantitative data analysis. Data was collected through primary and secondary data. Structured questionnaires were sent to two organisations in Sulaimaniyah for the collection of the primary data and there were 237 respondents in total. Previous researches were studied for secondary data. The study findings indicated that cultural background, family influence, financial help, training, and gender discrimination all influenced female entrepreneurial success in Kurdistan.
Analyzing Female Entrepreneurship in A Global Context- The Challenges And The...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Impediments and Inducements to Youth Entrepreneurship Development in Sylhet R...IOSRJBM
The purpose of this paper is to explore and identify the key impediments and constraints that obstruct young people from starting and running a new venture and at the same time, inducements and stimuli that trigger youths to entrepreneurial activities. Data were collected from 80 young entrepreneurs of Sylhet, Bangladesh through a questionnaire gleaned from the literature review following a convenience and purposive sampling technique. Findings revealed, insufficient personal savings, high interest rate, and negative attitude of financial institutions to young entrepreneurs due to high default rate are the major impediments to obtaining start-up fund, being their own boss and earning more money are the prime inducements to engage in business. Parents and teachers influenced most to start business while financial risk reported as the most critical demotivator. Managing fund and fierce competition are main problems in running the business successfully. Lack of vocational education and training and inappropriate and inadequate curriculum and study programs are the key educational constraints, unsupportive tax regulations, complex business registration procedure are the leading administrative and regulatory barriers, dearth of information on available business support services and lack of training and business counseling are the major impediments of business support services. The implications of the study bear far-reaching ramifications to the concerned stakeholders for facilitating and encouraging youth entrepreneurship development by addressing the start-up constraints and problems
Microfinance and the Challenge of Financial Inclusion for Sme’s Development i...IOSRJBM
This paper examined microfinance and the challenge of financial inclusion for SMEs development in Nigeria. The study adopted two separate econometrics models for capturing and testing for significance in the stated objectives between 2005 and 2015. The first model determined whether financial inclusion improve the financial well-being of low-income savers in the study period. The second investigated the impact that micro finance has on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises. Each of the models was subjected to the Ordinary Least Square regression to determine the appropriateness of models estimated. Findings from the empirical results in model one (1) and two (2) indicated relationship between financial inclusion in Nigeria, microfinance, and small business enterprises over 10 years period of study. The study found out that there is a significant relationship between financial inclusion and financial well – being of the low income earners. Empirical finding that examines the relationship between microfinance and small business in Nigeria indicates that there is a negative significant relationship between loan to small enterprises and loan to rural areas in Nigeria in the period under study. The study suggests therefore that financial inclusion will have a positive significant impact on the development of small business if the plan to include everyone works in Nigeria.
Corporate Capital of Domestic and Foreign Firms in Africa – An Empirical ReviewIOSRJBM
The study evaluated the existence and nature of systematic competition for corporate capital between local and foreign firms operating in major African economies. The study is motivated by the debate that foreign firms have easier access to corporate capital than domestic firms, and that the problem in the global financial market might push foreign firms to rely more on domestic financial markets for funds. To achieve the goal of this study, both microeconomic and macroeconomic data were sourced from diverse sources – including the World Bank's Global Development Indicators' database and the individual annual financial reports of firms. The data generated a total of 351 firms based in 11 African countries over a period 2009 to 2014. The results show that the average ratio of total liabilities to total assets is slightly higher among the listed foreign firms (at 48.8 percent) than among the listed domestic firms (47.9 percent), although the differences does not appear significant at conventional levels (t-statistic = 0.601; prob.>t = 0.548). For the whole sample also, it is shown that foreign firms have higher long-term liabilities to total asset ratio than domestic firms, and that the difference is significant at 10 percent level. Whereas the average long-term debt ratio among foreign firms stands at 12.1 percent, for domestic firms, the level is 10.7 percent (t-statistic = 1.751; prob.>t = 0.080). In none of the four sub regions, though, does the difference in the long-term debts ratio significantly differ between domestic and foreign firms. Consistent with the statistical evidence, the descriptive results seem to suggest that the survey evidence reported by the World Bank that in Africa, foreign firms are more profitable, larger, more valued in terms of investments in fixed assets, and older than domestic firms is not true. However, as shown in this report, such differences, with the exception of asset tangibility and age, are not very significant at conventional levels. This suggests that the major source of competition for corporate finance in Africa may be on the extent of collateral value and the reputation that arises from firm age
Improvement for Criterion for Minimum Solution of Inventory Model with Algebr...IOSRJBM
For algebraic method to find the minimum point and value of inventory models, we derive the criterion to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the interior optimal solution. Our findings will help researchers and practitioners apply inventory models in their research without referring to partial derivatives of calculus.
The Relationship between Foreign Trade and Financial Performance of the Liste...IOSRJBM
The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between foreign trade and financial performance of the listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study focused on the 32 listed companies randomly drawn from the 74 listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The secondary data extracted from the financial statement of these companies were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows a significant positive relationship between the two variables. It was therefore recommended that the management and the board of directors of the listed manufacturing companies should intensify efforts on how the locally produced products will be able to penetrate into the foreign countries as it was discovered that majority of the goods produced by the manufacturing companies in Nigeria are consumed locally
The Government Policy on Foreign Direct Investment in Sri LankaIOSRJBM
management know-how, and access to export markets-that are desperately needed in developing countries. However foreign capital can play an important role in raising investment levels so as to accelerate economic growth in Sri Lanka as in the case of many other developing countries which are handicapped by inadequate domestic savings. The purpose of this study is to examine the Government Policy on Foreign Investment in Sri Lanka. FDI increased initially due to the favourable investment environment created by the 1977 reforms. During the 1983-89 period, the incentives for FDI were eroded by the setbacks in the foreign trade and payments liberalisation momentum and the macroeconomic disequilibrium. Even though FDI was felt down in year 2000, there were increasing trend in FDI up to year 2008 and FDI was diminished as a result of global financial crisis in year 2009. Basically due to the secure macroeconomic environment, Sri Lanka reached highest level of FDI in 2014. The prospect for a significant expansion of FDI inflows in to Sri Lanka, however, do not seems too bright. To attract further investment, it is paramount that Sri Lanka be able to provide policy stability.
The Relationship between Dividend Policy and Shareholder’s Wealth (A Case Stu...IOSRJBM
This research is about the relationship between dividend policy and shareholder’s wealth from 37 mining companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2011 to 2013. Independent variable which is used in this research are dividend policy and profitability. Dividend policy is measured as dividend per share (DPS) and profitability is measured as Return On Equity (ROE). Dependent variable which is used in this research is shareholder’s wealth. Shareholders’ wealth is measured as Market Price Per Share (MPPS). Investment opportunity which is measured as fixed asset growth, is used as moderating variable which can strengthen the relationship between independent and dependent variable. The result of this research proves that dividend policy has significant influence to shareholder’s wealth, while investment opportunity, as a moderating variable, is proven to strengthen the relationship between dividend policy and shareholder’s wealth.
Understanding Attitudes towards Gasoline Import Demand in Viet NamIOSRJBM
Even with its vast reserves of oil and gas potential, the government has put this fuel resource the top of priority sectors for development, as it views as central to national economic growth as well as energy security, Viet Nam has remained a net importer of petroleum products over the past eight years. On another word, Gasoline importation has been a superior absorbability on the economy of Viet Nam, the determinants of the refined oil products imported activities analysis have been found no study yet. This paper aims to suggest the leading factors affecting import demand performances for petroleum products. The autoregressive distributed lag modelling framework (ARDL) have applied to this research; we estimated various short-run and long-run import demand models for Gasoline using time series study over the period 1995-2015. The results showed that the application of gas is stable prices in both the long and short term. Other principal operators of gas import probably are the real effective exchange rate, domestic petroleum production, and population growth. Moreover, a real economic activity found the most active and influential driver of gasoline demand accordance with the inelastic and elastic coefficients estimated in the short-run and long-run, respectively.
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis as a Management Tool for Decision Making In Small...IOSRJBM
This study aimed to figure out if small business enterprises utilize cost volume profit (CVP) analysis as a management tool for decision-making process in Bayero University Kano, with a view to shed light on the reality of the use of CVP analysis as a decision-making tool in small business enterprises. The study population is made up of the entire small business enterprises within Bayero University, Kano. Primary source of data were utilized using structured questionnaires. The hypotheses were tested using Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation coefficient. A very weak relationship (0.02) was recorded, it was discovered that there is no statistical significant difference between having the knowledge of a management accounting tools and its application. The study concludes that small business enterprises utilize CVP ignorantly and it is recommended
From Local to Global- Indian Organic Produce an OverviewIOSRJBM
Organic products have a growing market both in India and globally. The study focuses to explore the strengths and weaknesses of this industry so as to tap the global demand and achieve the export target for organic products. The study will aim to perform SWOT analysis and develop TOWS matrix which will provide an insight to the players of Organic market at all levels. The strategies framed are completely based on the researcher’s interpretation of the information collected from secondary sources and telephonic interviews of the agencies
Analysis of Internal, Market & Economic Based Financial Performance Measureme...IOSRJBM
The aim of this study is to investigate the financial performance of 10 commercial banks listed on Dhaka Stock Exchange. In this paper, financial performance has been measured by using three indicators. Internal–based performance measured by Return on Assets, Market-based performance measured by Tobin’s Q model (Price / Book value of Equity) and Economic–based performance measured by Economic Value adds. The correlation and multiple regression of annual time series data is used to find the impact of bank size, credit risk, operational efficiency and asset management on financial performance measured by the three indicators, The study rejected the null hypothesis and it is found that there exist statistically significant impact of bank size, credit risk, operational efficiency and asset management with ROA and Economic Value Added. On the other hand Tobin’s Q has insignificant impact on financial performance of commercial banks
Factors Influencing Purchase Decision of InstitutionalBuyers in Bangladesh: T...IOSRJBM
The Bangladeshi poultry industry is gradually becoming a leading industry in the Bangladeshi market. It is a labor- intensive sector which does not require lengthy training. Almost anyone can be engaged in the poultry farming because it can be done either on a larger scale or in one’s backyard. The purpose of the study is to identify the institutional buyer preference and to find out the purchase criteria factors which influence the purchase decision of the institutional buyers of poultry chickens in Bangladesh. A total of 110 respondents from 8 different categories of institutional buyers, who were directly related to poultry business were randomly selected to be the respondents for the collection of information within the Dhaka Metro City. All factors were randomly selected towards the collection of relevant information following pretested questionnaire. Advance statistical tools were applied for analysis of collected data. A factor analysis was conducted to identify the purchase criteria factors i.e. Brand, Freshness, Halal, How chicken are raised, Meat Cuts (Breast / Leg), Nutrition Value, Packaging, Price Sensitivity, Processed, Production Technology and Taste. Findings from the factor analysis showed that packaging, processed, production technology, taste and how chicken are raised have a significant effect on the selection of purchase criteria of the institutional buyers and their preference..
Effect of Public Services Quality on Satisfaction and Its Implication on Publ...IOSRJBM
: This research aims to determine: 1) The influence of the public services quality on public satisfaction at Samsat Office Kendari City. 2) The effect of public services the quality on public trust at Samsat Office Kendari City. 3) The effect of public satisfaction on public trust at Samsat Office Kendari City. 4) The mediate effect of public satisfaction in strengthening the influence of public services quality on public trust at Samsat Office Kendari City.The design of this research is associative (causal) design. The object of this research is the people who employ Samsat Office services. The samples were taken by purposive sampling (designation intentionally) which employ 110 respondents. The analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis and analysis of Partial Leas Square (PLS).This research concluded that: 1) The public services quality significantly influence the public satisfaction on Samsat Office Kendari City. it indicated that the good quality of public services is reflected by accountability, responsiveness, orientation to service and efficiency indicators which will increase the public satisfaction which is reflected by their attitude to respect service officers, abide by the rules, is proud of the work of the officers, has the spirit and initiative, and avoid of conflict. 2) The quality of public services does not significantly affect the public trust on Samsat Office Kendari City. This means that the public service quality at Samsat Office Kendari city cannot increase public trust significantly caused by the public tust in the service officer has not been optimal. 3) Public satisfaction has significant effect on public trust on Samsat Office Kendari City. This means that the public satisfaction will increase public trust which is reflected by the increasing of public trust in the service facilities. 4) Public Satisfaction mediates the effect of public services quality on public trust on Samsat Office Kendari City. This means that public satisfaction can strengthen the influence of public services quality on public trust.
An Overview of Export Performance of Agricultural Products in IndiaIOSRJBM
Exports are the basis of the overall growth performance of any country. By increasing the rate of exports, any developing country can pave a way for the development by earning international liquidity thereby; sort out the problem of reserves to start up of any project to come out the circle of poverty. So, it becomes a paramount importance for the country like India to start export promotion measures to boost up the pace of its exports and India has already taken many steps to increase the level of its exports. It is concluded from the results of the study that Cotton raw including waste, iron ore, plastic and linoleum and transport equipment has been observed as the products in which exports have been increased at the maximum rate, whereas exports of Tea, Iron and steel, Mica and Leather and Manufacturing have been identified as the area in which satisfied results have not been achieved. So, it is suggested by the results of study that government should promote exports of different sectors by providing different incentives to different sectors to avail the opportunity and fill up the gaps as well. Indian agricultural export has undergone significant changes during recent times. In this context, the present study has analysed the trend in exports of agricultural commodities from India, the changes in the comparative advantage, the Indian agricultural export scenario has witnessed during the past decade and the prospects for further boosting the agricultural export. The study has also analysed the comparative advantage of India’s exports, through revealed comparative advantage (RCA). The RCA was improving in case of cotton, maize, and certain fruits and vegetables over time, but declining in case of some spices, rice and wheat. In case of plantation based spices and other commodities, India is gradually losing its comparative edge, mainly to Asian countries. The study has so identified yield improvement through growth in total factor productivity (TFP) as a potential factor that would result in generation of exportable surpluses and boosting India’s export
Job Satisfaction and Faculty Turnover Intentions: A Case of Pakistani Univers...IOSRJBM
Retaining faculty members has been a problem in many universities for decades. When competent teachers quit, they depart with critical knowledge and experience that are essential for maintaininga competitive advantage. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of four facets of job satisfaction on turnover intentions of faculty members of different universities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. A 16-item, selfadministered questionnaire was used to gather data on independent and dependent variables. In questionnaire, researchers used 5 point Likert scale for variables to measure respondent’s possible responses. 110 questionnaires were completed and returned back. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression tests were used to test the hypothesis. The results showed that the three facets of job satisfaction i.e. remuneration, supervisory support and work life policies have significant and negative relationship with turnover intentions while recognition has insignificant relationship with turnover intentions and this relationship did not support the researchers’ prediction. Results have been discussed andrecommendations have been made for universities’ administrations.
Health System in India: Opportunities and Challenges for EnhancementsIOSRJBM
One of the basic vitalities of good living is quick access to essential services like health care. But many times it could mean a condition of life and death for an individual who is unable to get the access to these services. Thus an important part of social sector development is incomplete without adequate health care facilities. The quality of human health is the foundation upon which the realization of life goals and objectives of a persona, the community or nation as whole depends. It is both an end and means of development strategy. The relationship between health and development is mutually reinforcing- while health contributes to economic development, economic development, in turn, tends to improve the health status of the population in a country. India as a nation has been growing economically at a rapid pace particularly after the advent of New Economic Policy of 1991. However, this rapid economic development has not been accompanied by social development particularly health sector development. Health sector has been accorded very low priority in terms of allocation of resources. Public expenditure on health is less than 1 per cent of GDP in India. This research paper focuses on the current status of the Indian healthcare industry, the challenges faced plus the comparison of few selected Indian states based on health indicators. Furthermore comparison of India with some developed and developing countries is also employed in order get the clear picture of the health sector. In order to boost the development line, some opportunities in the health care industry are also discussed and necessary policy implications. Regarding in this connection India lags behind in regard of health improvement as compared to U.S.A, Canada, China, and Brazil, but contrary to other developing countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh the scenario is better with life expectancy, Mortality ratios, health care spending speak volumes about the healthcare status. When analyzed through the prism eye, within India there are large disparities amongst states in achieving health outcomes as well. Before liberalization the improvement was at a snail’s pace, but after liberalization the whole picture changed because the key initiatives to improve the current healthcare standard a two prong strategy focusing on the infrastructure needs and the technology solution were implemented, which resulted in the healthy scenario of the healthcare industry. Healthcare sector, a leading weapon as the contributor to GDP (approx.8%) is thus the matter to be deeply looked into, so that golden harvest is reaped.
Total Quality Management (TQM) Practices toward Product Quality Performance: ...IOSRJBM
The purpose of this research was to test and analyze the effect of TQM practices impelementation which consists of leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, information and analysis, people management, and process management to product quality performance. The population were 108 food and beverage companies in Makassar, Indonesia. Respondents are production managers or operation managers. Sample technique which used is population sampling. Method of analysis which use both descriptive statistic and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Data processing uses two statistic tools i.e: IBM SPSS and AMOS 19.00. The findings of research indicate that leadership has significant effect on product quality performance, strategic planning has significant effect on product quality performance, customer focus has significant effect on product quality performance, information and analysis has significant effect on product quality performance, people management has significant effect on product quality performance, and process management has significant effect on product quality performance. Leadership factor has dominant effect on product quality performance (critical ratio = 9.760 > t-table = 1.960; and probability = 0.000 < α = 0.05).
The Influence of Work Culture, Work Stress to the Job Satisfaction and Employ...IOSRJBM
This research was carried out starting from the phenomenon of the performance which was not maximized by the employees of State Treasury Service Office in Jakarta. Based on the literature there was a suspicion that the performance which was not maximized due to a weak work culture, work stress and the decreasing of job satisfaction. The purpose of this research was to quantify and explain the relationship between variables of work culture, work stress, job satisfaction and employees performance in the State Treasury Service Office Jakarta. The research method was using quantitative methods. Research locations were located in six State Treasury Service Offices in Jakarta with samples of 152 employees. Data analysis technique was using Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of Smart program. The results showed that the work culture has no effect on job satisfaction. Work stress has no effect on job satisfaction. Work culture affected to the employee performance. Work stress had no effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction had no effect on performance. The implication of this research was to establish a strong working culture to decrease work stress and increase job satisfaction which ultimately improved employee performance.
Work-Life of Indian Railway's Drivers (Loco-Pilots)IOSRJBM
Railways’ Drivers / Loco-Pilots are the most important person in executing the huge task of transporting nearly 25 Million passengers and more than 2.8 Million Tons of freight daily with the help of 2,29,381 wagons, 59,713 coaches and more than 9,213 locomotive engines of various kinds(www.Indian railways, Wikipedia).To transport 25 million passengers and millions of tons of freight and that too with taking care of both the traveler’s convenience and safety is not a mean task, the driver on whose sincerity the journey of a train depends. If he is not capable of carrying his responsibilities then the efforts of the other employees go waste, in this sense we can say that he is the most important person of the railways. The job of a Railway Driver demands hard work and great presence of mind along with courage to handle diverse conditions. For this one should have discipline, patience, responsibility, punctuality, commitment, courage and above all self-confidence. The job requires lots of hard work, stamina, alertness of mind, adaptability to follow difficult time schedules too. But the main and remarkable, highly appreciable role of Railway drivers is the only who works with full honesty, in day & night, in heavy cold, hot & Rainy weather. For Railways’ drivers operating on long distance routes, overnight stays in various locations will be necessary. Furthermore, it can be stressful, as delays and hazards on the track are not uncommon. His cab of the train should be relatively comfortable but it may be quite cold, hot and noisy.
Liquidity Determinants of Sharia and non Sharia StocksIOSRJBM
This study was conducted to analyze and testing stock liquidity differences of sharia and non sharia stock and determinants of sharia and non sharia stock of manufacturing industry at Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009-2010. Dependent variable of this study is stock liquidity, measured by relative spread and depth. The Independent variable are insider ownership, institutional ownership, blockholder ownership, and foreign institutional ownership, trading volume, stock price, return volatility, Market to book value, dividend policy and size. In addition, this research is also supported by qualitative data obtained from in-depth discussions with key informants, including investment managers, stock exchanges institution and stock brokers. The results showed there is no liquidity difference, both for relative spread and depth of sharia a non sharia stocks. In sharia stocks, trading volume and dividend policy has a negative effect on relative spread, whereas in non sharia stock the trading volume, stock prices and company size has a negative effect on relative spread. Institutional ownership has negative effect, while foreign institutional ownership, trading volume, dividend policy, and size has positive effect on sharia stock liquidity. For non sharia stock, the trading volume, stock prices and company size has a positive effect on depth.
Motivating Employees Creativity through Suggestion System – An Empirical StudyIOSRJBM
Employees are treated as assets in the organization. In a competitive business environment, one of the key elements of an organization success is their employees’ intellectual capability to improve the organizational performance by way of reducing cost, new product development, generate new ideas related to product, process and other areas of management. The employees are find novel ideas and proposed these ideas to management through suggestion system. Suggestion system is technique which is motivating the employees to participate in decision making process and improve the organization performance.The primary data was collected through structure questionnaire based on convenience sampling method. This research paper focus on employee creativity and its impact on suggestion system and the aims of this article are to find an answer for two questions: 1. what are the factors motivating employee creativity? and 2. What is the impact of creativity on employee suggestion system? Finally this article conclude that both organizational factors and individual factors influencing creativity and there is a positive relationship between employee creativity and suggestion system.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Halogenation process of chemical process industries
Prospects and Threats of Women Entrepreneur in SME Sectors in Urban Area Bangladesh- A Study on Sylhet City.
1. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 19, Issue 1. Ver. II (Jan. 2017), PP 08-13
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/487X-1901020813 www.iosrjournals.org 8 | Page
Prospects and Threats of Women Entrepreneur in SME Sectors in
Urban Area Bangladesh- A Study on Sylhet City.
Farhad Hossain
(Senior Lecturer, Business Administration, Leading University Sylhet, Bangladesh)
Abstract : The aim of this paper is to explore the challenges faced by the women entrepreneur in Sylhet city as
well as also exploring their prospects. Women also play a vital role for the growth of the economy especially in
small and medium sector. The SME sector has higher growth rate than the industrial sector. It contributes big
role for developing entrepreneurship and labor absorption. It also plays a vital role in economy and social
development. it's contribute significantly for entrepreneurship development, employment generation and utilize
the potentiality. Women in Bangladesh are still remaining vulnerable to poverty and social deprivation.
Although the situation is now changing. A woman has to invest a lot of time for household work and child
rearing but they are investing the extra time to business sector to support their family and also utilizing their
hidden potentiality. A structure questionnaire has been used to collect data by survey and the target population
is women entrepreneur in Sylhet city. This city has been choosing because a huge amount of remittance comes
from abroad. In this study also try to find out the motivational factors that induce them to be entrepreneur.
finally put some suggestion to minimize the challenges.
Keywords: Problems, Threats, Women, SME, Urban
I. Introduction
In the era of globalization it is not possible to be succeed alone for a men or women. Men and women
are now not competitor rather than ally. They act as parallels. Like man women also plays a significant role for
the development of GDP in our country. In the traditional society women are confined in four walls but now a
day‟s women have to play duel role as house wife and as an earner. They are more concern their rights as well
as they want to be more independent. They do not want to rely on male. Although in Bangladesh society is male
dominant. But situation is not the same now. Attitude of men is changing towards the working women. After the
liberation war women participation in every area is increasing.
II. Definition of SME
The definition of SME varies from country to country. But some countries define SME according to the
amount invest and the number of employees work. Ministry of industry and Bangladesh bank define SME in the
following way.
2.1 Definition of Small Enterprise
Small Enterprise refers to the firm/business, which is not a public limited company and complies the following
criteria:
Serial No. Sector Fixed Asset other than Land and Building (Tk.) Employed Manpower (not above)
01. Service 50,000-50,00,000 25
02. Business 50,000-50,00,000 25
2.2 Definition of Medium Enterprise:
Medium Enterprise refers to the establishment/firm, which is not a public limited company and complies the
following criteria:
Sector Fixed Asset other than Land and Building (Tk.) Employed Manpower (not above)
01. Service 50,00,000-10,00,00,000 50
02. Business 50,00,000-10,00,00,000 50
III. Concept Of Women Entrepreneurs
Women entrepreneur may be defined “A women or group of women who allocate the resources,
organized the resources and take initiatives to run an enterprise”. If a woman is the proprietor of a proprietary
business or the owner of at least 51 percent of a partnership or a private company registered under joint stock
companies, then she would be considered a woman entrepreneur.
2. Prospects And Threats Of Women Entrepreneur In SME Sectors In Urban Area Bangladesh…
DOI: 10.9790/487X-1901020813 www.iosrjournals.org 9 | Page
IV. Problem Statement
Many research works have been done on women entrepreneur. Different worked carried on different
perspective, some tries to identify factors influencing on women entrepreneurship successful, some tries to
emphasis on contribution of women entrepreneur on economic development. Some studies also tried to focus on
barriers and give some suggestion to overcome the problem. This paper tries to focus on impediments on the
success of women entrepreneur in SME in Urban area and Sylhet city has been chosen. Some suggestions are
given to minimize the problem. And also find out the factors that influence on to be women entrepreneur.
V. Methodology
This study has been conducted through extensive survey throughout Sylhet city. Both primary and
secondary data has been collected. Primary data has been obtained from 100 respondents involving in SME
sector using a structured questionnaire. Both open ended and close ended questions were used for collecting
data. The secondary information were collected from various source e.g. articles, publications, books, websites
and magazines.
Total respondents are 100. The following table shows and categorized the entrepreneur. Among these
respondents mostly involve in boutique, parlor and retail shop. They cover 15% each among 100 respondents.
Interestingly some women enter new business like online, IT products. Although their involvement is very low.
But it is very hopeful that the field is potential and in future it will increase.
VI. Objectives
To reveal the problems faced by the women entrepreneur in SME at Sylhet city.
To show the current status of women entrepreneur in SMS sector.
To explore the potential sectors for women entrepreneur.
Recommend some suggestions for overcoming the problem.
To explore the factors that influencing women to be entrepreneur.
VII. Literature Review
The comprehensive literature substantiate that SME is essential for stable economic growth and development for
any developing country including Bangladesh. To justify this following literature has been reviewed.
1. Tambunan, (2009), found that representation of women entrepreneurs in this region is relatively low due to
factors like low level of education, lack of capital and cultural or religious barriers.
2. Cohoon, Wadhwa & Mitchell, (2010), identifies top five financial & psychological factors motivating
women to become entrepreneurs. These are craving to build the wealth, the wish to capitalize own business
ideas they had, the appeal of startup culture, a long standing desire to own their own company and working
with someone else did not appeal them
3. Singh, 2008, explores the reasons & influencing factors behind entry of women in entrepreneurship. He
explained the features of their businesses in Indian context and also obstacles & challenges.
3. Prospects And Threats Of Women Entrepreneur In SME Sectors In Urban Area Bangladesh…
DOI: 10.9790/487X-1901020813 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
4. Debra Efroymson, Buddhadeb Biswas, and ShakilaRuma (September 2007) in their research attempted to
quantify what work women do and the amount of time they spend working, estimate the economic value of
that work, and thereby assess the contributions women make to the country„s social development through
their unpaid work
5. G. Palaniappan, C. S. Ramanigopal, A. Mani (19 March 2012) in their article explain that women have been
successful in breaking their barriers within the limits of their homes by entering into varied kinds of
professionals and services
6. Syed Shah Alam, Mohd Fauzi,Mohd Jani, Nor Asiah Omar (May 2011) focused on the key factors which
affects the success of women entrepreneurs in Southern region in Malaysia. The results suggested that
family support, social ties and internal motivation affect positively and significantly to the success of
women entrepreneurs in the small business.
7. Rahman, Hossain, & Miah, (2000) identifies in their studies that women have shortage of knowledge
measure the risk associated with business which is the key indicator of women entrepreneurship
development
8. Ahktaruddin, (1999) the success and failure of entrepreneurs are affected by personal attributes Self-
confidence, Dynamism, Ambition and Adaptability.
9. According to Nawaz, (2009) innovativeness and risk taking behavior features of entrepreneurship plays
significant role to the success of women entrepreneurs.
10. al, 1990; Winn, 2005). (Naser et al., 2009) identified some success factors like Self-fulfillment, knowledge;
skills and experience, including relationship to spouse/father business are all important in the development
of women entrepreneurs
11. According to (Brindley, 2005), the important support is from family and friends and close people as well-
wishers who play a very leading responsibility in the success of business.
12. The remarkable ambitions identified in other researchers are money making ( Saleh [1995], Mohiuddin
et.al. [1998], Akhtaruddin [1999]), independent career (Akhtaruddin [1999],), to gain social recognition
(Akhtaruddin [1999])
13. Chowdhury. S and Rahman. M. Identifies industriousness, self-confidence, dynamism and adaptability are
the essential factors for potential women entrepreneurs.
VIII. Growth Rate Of Women Based SME In Sylhet City
Women entrepreneur are gradually increasing every year. But it is very insignificant compare to men
based enterprise. Information is found from Sylhet Chamber of Commerce that is, in the year 2015 the total
number of entrepreneur is 2500 in which 70 registered members are women having SME business and its
percentage is 2.8%. In 2014 total member was 2100 including 61 and its percentage is 2.9%. In 2013 its
percentage was 1.8%. This rate is increasing because Sylhet Chamber of Commerce and Sylhet Women‟s
Chamber of Commerce are providing free training and distributing machineries to the participants and many
facilities regarding loan are given by bank.
IX. Characteristics Of Women Entrepreneur In Sylhet City
From the survey of women entrepreneur in SME sector following demographic characteristics have been found
Age distribution: In terms of age level 35% women whose age was between 30 to 40 years. And 25 %
women whose age was 41 to 50 years.
Marital status: in terms of marital status it has been found that 50% women were married 45% were
unmarried and the rest 5% were divorced.
Level of education: It was interesting that 35% women have completed secondary level. 15% women do not
have any education level.
Organizational type: in case of organizational type it has been found that maximum numbers of women do
not want to take risk alone. For this they start business in a partnership basis.
Sources of fund: for collecting fund maximum number depends on loan from friends and relatives after that
they try to collect money through loan from bank.
Purpose of starting business: from study it has been revealed that most of the women start their business for
supporting their family. Besides this others reasons are profit making, self-achievement, social status etc.
Time dedicated to business: basically it depends on the nature of business. The women who are doing
business from home like online business they can give more time than others.
X. Motivational Factors For Entrepreneur Of SME In Sylhet
From this survey it has been found that there are some factors that motivate women to do business. Main
motivational factors are given below.
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XI. SWOT Analysis
A SWOT analysis indicated Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat. SWOT analysis of Sylhet women
based SME find out through the survey.
Strength
Ample idle money
Increased educated women
Change the mentality.
Good contact
Easy loans
Commitment and dedication
Weakness
Lack of prior experience
Lack of family support.
Lack of own fund to start the business
Illiteracy and old value of family
Lack of mobility
No calculated risk
Cannot handle crisis well
Opportunities
Large market
Good communication and transportation system.
Government and other institutional support
Free entry
Conductive atmosphere
Threat
Competitors enter from outside of Sylhet.
Problem of infrastructure.
Religious hinderers.
Raw materials unavailability
Shifting the place
Less demand
XII. Major Threats Faced By The Women Entrepreneur
The major challenge faced by the women entrepreneur from our survey that creates impediments in their
growths is:
Women entrepreneurs have to face tough competition with male entrepreneur who can easily roam
anywhere for promoting their product.
They are reluctant by the family member and society to stand beside their growth.
Most women entrepreneurs are not aware about the financial assistance offered by the bank, NGO and
various financial institutions.
High production costs of some businesses have a significant impact on their growth. For example; rent,
price of raw materials, increase of wages, high transportation cost discourage them to expand the venture.
Women give more priority to family ties and relationship. Specially married women have to maintain work
life balance. As a result they cannot give adequate time to the business.
Some financial institutions do not give interest on women entrepreneur because they think that any time
women may quite from the business.
In Sylhet it is not so easy to do business for the women. Because most family follow the old custom where
women are not treated equal to men. Outdated social look also creates impediments for them to enter in the
business.
Lack of education is another factor for them to succeed in business. They have a little knowledge on
English as an international language.
Lack of prior experience, access to latest technology and communication services also creates problem for
them. Their absence creates a hindered o their success.
In Sylhet, although it is common in whole Bangladesh that threaten women as “Oshohay or Durbal”. These
types of negative attitude sometimes create a barrier for their success.
Most of the women do not have knowledge of marketing. Lack of promotional knowledge makes a barrier
on their success.
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XIII. Prospects Of Women Entrepreneur
A lot of remittance received each year in Sylhet. At least one member lives in abroad.
Plenty of idle money in hand of the people of Sylhet area. So it is not so difficult to invest.
Gradually day by day people become more educated, fashion awareness and sincere than past. It helps the
entrepreneur to produce new product.
Now a day‟s communication systems are very good. Women easily can promote their product by sitting at
home by using different social site.
Government, different NGO and SME foundation also take different initiatives to promote women
entrepreneur in Urban area.
Bangladesh bank gives instruction every bank to encourage women entrepreneur by giving loan facilities
without pledge.
Different chamber of association, support service organizations form to
XIV. Government Initiatives
Women entrepreneurs need a lot of support especially in SME sector. They need infrastructure
facilities, counseling, training, information, market promotion, loan facilities etc to start and conduct their
business. For smooth operation these help is very essential. Here given the list of various institutional supports
for women entrepreneurial development.
Board of investment
Bangladesh small and cottage industries corporation
Export promotion bureau
SME foundation
Small and Cottage industries training institutions
Bangladesh industrial technical assistance centre
Micro industries development assistance and services
Women Entrepreneur Association in Bangladesh
XV. Recommendation
It is difficult to eliminate all barriers at a time that our women faced but here given some recommendation that
will help to minimize the challenge that they faced.
1. The prime requirement is increase the awareness of women, how they contribute to the economic and social
development in our country.
2. Infrastructure plays an important role for any business. Government although set up some plot putting
emphasis on women entrepreneur.
3. Bribes are a common scenario in our country. Women become frustrated to get the trade license.
Government should take necessary steps on it.
4. Training program: Although SME foundation gives a lot of training but these are not enough. It is difficult
to participate training program for all women. So government should come forward to setup training
program at Thana level.
5. Arranging trade fair: Although SME foundation held trade fair every year but this is not enough. Many
women entrepreneur do not have prior information when and how they will participate. So government
should increase more trade fair to encourage them.
XVI. Case Study On Women Entrepreneur In Sylhet City
Case Study 1:
Fatema Chowdhury and Shorna Dey, the owner of Women Fashion World & Beauty Parlor engaging
in boutiques and beauty parlor with own showroom. There are 35 employees working this firm, and they design
their own product. They started the business with Tk. 8-9 lac (own finance, no loan) and now their investment is
Tk. 15 laks and not yet no loan is taken. In the near future, they try to expand the business. They already
received ―Onnodin Magazine- Shressto Sharee award for their success in business. Their success rate 15-20%
with profit and both upper class and middle-class people are listed as their customer. Creativity were the main
factors that was inspired her to do such kind of business.
Case Study 2:
Shumoti Sinha the owner of Rumki Manipuri Shareeghar engaging business in Manipuri Handloom
with own showroom. There are a few employee works in this firm, and they design their product. They started
the business with Tk. 5,0000 with own finance, no loan and now their investment is above Tk. 2 lac, loan taken
from BRAC Bank and Bangladesh Krishi Bank. In the near future, she will try to expand the business. The
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available products are-own sewing dresses, handicrafts, bed sheets, mufflers, shawls, etc. In this firm product,
price is fixed and demand increase in winter season. She received full family support for her business. Both
upper-class and middle-class people are listed as her customer. Tradition, creativity and financial independence
were the main factors that were inspired her to do such kind of business.
Case Study 3:
Sarifa Begum engaged business in farm and poultry. There are 25 employee works here. They started
the business with Tk. 30,000 with own finance, no loan, and now their investment is above Tk. 2 lakh, loan
taken from Bangladesh Krishi Bank. In the near future she will try to expand the business. The available
products are - milk and Ox. She received full family support for her business. Different types of business (new
business in this region) was the main factor that was inspired her to do such kind of business.
Case study 4:
Daisy chowdhury start online product sale investing 1 lac taka initial. She buy different women and
baby product from abroad and sale these through online. Her success rate is 30% after 1 month. Now she is
thinking to home service delivery of her product after recruiting sale personnel.
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