This document discusses entrepreneurship development and rural entrepreneurship. It defines an entrepreneur and rural entrepreneurship. It outlines several barriers to rural entrepreneurship, including lack of infrastructure, financial constraints, lack of technical know-how, inadequate knowledge, management problems, marketing problems, and human resource problems. It then discusses some of these barriers in more detail and provides examples. The document also discusses women entrepreneurship, the concept of women entrepreneurs, reasons why women become entrepreneurs, and functions and common problems faced by women entrepreneurs in India.

1. ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DEVELOPMENT.
 SUBMITTED TO ; Mrs. REEMA SURVE

 BY;
• VINI PATEL
• SHWETA PATEL
• SHREYA
• AKSHAY PRAJAPATI
• MUNNAAVR SHAIKH
•

2. WHAT IS ENTREPRENEUR?
 An Entrepreneur is one who brings resources
,labour,materials,land and other assets into
combination that makes their value greater than
before and also one who introduces
changes,innovation and new order.

3. WHAT IS RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP?
 Entrpreneurship emerging in rural areas is called
rural entrepreneurship.
 Rural entrepreneurship is synonymous of rural
industrialization.

9. Barriers to Rural Entrepreneurship
 Lack of Infrastructure facility
 Financial constraints
 Lack of Technical know –How
 Lack of adequate knowledge
 Management problems
 Marketing problems.
 Human resource problem.

10. Lack of Infrastructure facility.
Rural areas are characterised by poor infrastructure
facilities in the field of roads, electricity, street,
lighting on road etc which hampers the smooth
movement of various industries activities. This is a
major problem faced by rural Entrepreneur.

11. Financial Constraints.
 Most of the rural Entrepreneur face financial crunch in
setting up rural industries because of the non supportive
attitude of financial institution and bank which work more
on papers. The procedures and condition to avail a loan is
so time consuming that is delay often disappoints the
entrepreneur . Due to this the entrepreneur are forced to
take credit from village money lenders who charges high
rate of interest.
 Raising funds through equity is little bit difficult for rural
entrepreneurs because of lack of financial knowledge and
also their financial corpus is also low, so loans are the
primary source of finance for them which proved to be a
great obstacle in developing rural entrepreneurship.

12. Lack of technical know-how
 As rural industries are labour intensive, they cannot
afford to introduce sophisticated techniques and
methods of production which is very expensive .Lack
of technical know-how, appropriate technology and
training create immense problem in the growth of
rural industries. Without this, productivity and
increased profit objective cannot be achieved.

13. LACK OF ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE
AND INFORMATION.
Though information technology has substantially
developed in the modern world and has
penetrated into the rural areas through internet ,
rural people hardly availed its benefits. Because
rural people do not have adequate information
avenues. They are not knowledgeable ,trained, and
motivated to achieve more and more in their own
sphere.

14. Management problems
Procurement of Raw Materials
 Procurement of raw materials is really a tough task for rural
entrepreneurs. They may end up with poor quality raw materials,
may also face the problem of storage and warehousing.
 Poor Quality of Products
 Another important problem in growth of rural entrepreneurship
is the inferior quality of products produced due to lack of
availability of standard tools and equipment and poor quality of
raw materials. •
Legal formalities
 Rural entrepreneurs find it extremely difficult in complying with
various legal formalities in obtaining licenses due to illiteracy
and ignorance.

15. MARKETING PROBLEMS.
COMPETITION AND LACK OF COMMUNICATION
 Major problems faced by marketers of rural enterprise are the
problem of standardization and competition from large scale
units. They face the problem in fixing the standards and sticking
to them. Competition from large scale units also creates
difficulty for the survival of new ventures.
 New ventures have limited financial resources and hence cannot
afford to spend more on sales promotion. These units are not
having any standard brand name under which they can sell their
products. New ventures have to come up with new advertisement
strategies which the rural people can easily understand.
 .

16. MARKETING PROBLEMS
 Printed media have limited scope in the rural context.
The traditionally bounded nature, cultural
backwardness and cultural barriers add to the
difficulty of communication. People in rural areas
mostly communicate in their local dialects and English
and Hindi are not understood by many people.

17. MIDDLEMAN and other problems
 Middlemen exploit rural entrepreneurs. The rural
entrepreneurs are heavily dependent on middlemen
for marketing of their products who pocket large
amount of profit.
 Other problems
 Storage facilities and poor mean of transport are other
marketing problems in rural areas. In most of the
villages, farmers store the produce in open space, in
bags or earthier vessels etc. So these indigenous
methods of storage are not capable of protecting the
produce from dampness, weevils etc. The agricultural
goods are not standardized and graded.

18. HUMAN RESOURCE PROBLEM
 Low Skill Level of Workers
 Most of the entrepreneurs of rural areas are unable to
find workers with high skills. Turnover rates are also
high in this case. They have to be provided with on the
job training and their training is generally a serious
problem for the entrepreneur as they are mostly
uneducated and they have to be taught in the local
language which they understand easily.

19. HUMAN RESOURCE PROBLEM
NEGATIVE ATTITUDE
 The environment in the family, society and support
system is not conducive to encourage rural people to
take up entrepreneurship as a career. It may be due to
lack of awareness and knowledge of entrepreneurial
opportunities.
 Continuous motivation is needed in case of rural
employee which is sometime difficult for an rural
entrepreneur .

20. WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
 INDRA NOOYI

21. CONCEPT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR
 Women Entrepreneur are the women or a group of
women who initiate , organise and operate a business
enterprise.
 The government of India notes Women entrepreneurs
as ‘’ An enterprise owned and controlled by
women saving a minimum financial interest of 51
per cent of the capital and giving at least 51 per
cent of the employment generated in the
enterprise to women.’’

22. WHY WOMEN BECOME
ENTREPRENEUR ?
• PULL FACTORS
An urge to do something new.
liking for business
Need and perception of Women’s liberation ,equity etc.
To gain recognition ,importance and social status.
To get economic independence
To build confidence
To developing risk taking ability
To gain greater freedom and mobility.

23. PUSH FACTORS
Death of bread winner
Sudden fall in family income
Permanent inadequacy in income of the family

24. Function of Women Entrepreneur
Fedrick Harbison has enumerated Five entrepreneurial
function of women entrepreneur as follows.
1. Exploration of the prospects of starting a new
business enterprise.
2. Undertaking of risk and handling of economic
uncertainties involved in the business.
3. Introduction of innovations or imitation of
innovations.
4. Co-ordination, administration and control.
5. Supervision and leadership.

25. Problems face by Women Entrepreneur
in INDIA.
 Family ties
 Male dominated society
 Lack of education
 Social barriers
 Shortage of raw materials
 Problem of finance
 Tough competition
 High cost of production
 Low risk bearing capacity
 Limited mobility
 Lack of entrepreneurial aptitude
 Limited managerial ability
 Legal formation
 Exploitation by middle man
 Lack of self confidence.

26. Lack of managerial skills
 Women entrepreneurs are not efficient in managerial
functions like planning, organizing, controlling,
coordinating, motivating etc. of an enterprise.
Therefore, less and limited managerial ability of
women has become a problem for them to run the
enterprise successfully.

27. Problem of finance
 Finance is regarded as “life blood” for any enterprise, be it
big or small. However, women entrepreneurs suffer from
shortage of finance on two counts. Firstly, women do not
generally have property on their names to use them as
collateral for obtaining funds from external sources. Thus,
their access to the external sources of funds is limited.
 Secondly, the banks also consider women less credit-
worthy and discourage women borrowers on the belief that
they can at any time leave their business. Given such
situation, women entrepreneurs are bound to rely on their
own savings, if any and loans from friends and relatives
who are expectedly meager and negligible. Thus, women
enterprises fail due to the shortage of finance.

28. Lack of mobility.
 Unlike men, women mobility in India is highly limited
due to various reasons. A single woman asking for
room is still upon suspicion. Cumbersome exercise
involved in starting an enterprise coupled with the
officials humiliating attitude towards women compels
them to give up an idea of starting an enterprise

29. Male dominated society
 Male chauvinism is till the order of the day in India.
The constitution of India speaks of equality between
sexes. But, in practice women are looked upon as weak
in all respects. Women suffer from male reservations
about a women’s role, ability and capacity and are
treated accordingly. In nutshell, in the maledominated
Indian society, women are not treated equal to men.
This in turn, serves as a barrier to women entry into
business.

30. Shortage of raw material
 The scarcity of raw material and nor availability of
proper and adequate raw materials sounds the death –
knell of the enterprise run by women entrepreneurs
.Women entrepreneur really face a tough task in
getting the required raw material and other necessary
inputs for the enterprise when the prices are high.

31. Lack of Education
 In India, around three- fifths (60%) of women are still
illiterate illiteracy is the root cause of socio- economic
problems. Due to the lack of education and that too
qualitative education, women are not aware of
business, technology and market knowledge. Also,
lack of education cases low achievement motivation
among women. Thus, lack of education creates
problems for women in the setting up and running of
business enterprises.

32. Legal formalities
 Fulfilling the legal formalities required for running an
enterprise becomes an uphill task on the part of an
women entrepreneur because of the prevalence of
corrupt practices in government offices and procedural
delays for various licenses, electricity, water and shed
allotments. In such situations women entrepreneurs
find it hard to concentrate on the smooth working of
the enterprise.

33. Lack of self confidence
 Women entrepreneurs because of their inherent
nature, lack self-confidence which is essentially a
motivating factor in running an enterprise
successfully. They have to strive hard to strike a
balance between managing a family and managing an
enterprise.

34. Lack of entrepreneurial aptitude
 Lack of entrepreneurial aptitude is a matter of concern
for women entrepreneurs. They have no
entrepreneurial bent of mind. Even after attending
various training programs on entrepreneur ship they
fail to tide over the risks and troubles that may come
up in an organizational working.

35. Low risk bearing capacity
 Women in India are by nature weak, shy and mild.
They cannot bear the amount of risk which is essential
for running an enterprise. Lack of education, training
and financial support from outsides also reduce their
ability to bear the risk involved in an enterprises.

36. Tough competition
 Usually women entrepreneurs employ low technology
in the process of production. In a market where the
competition is too high they have to fight hard to
survive in the market against the organised sector and
their male counterpart who have vast experience and
capacity to adopt advanced technology in managing
enterprises.

37. High cost of production
 Several factors including inefficient management
contribute to the high cost of production which stands
as a stumbling block before women entrepreneurs.
Women entrepreneur face technology obsolescence
due to non adoption or slow adoption to changing
technology which is major factor of high cost of
production.

38. Exploitation by middle man
 Since women cannot run around for marketing
,distribution and money collection , they have to
depend on middle men for the above activities. Middle
men tend to exploit them in the guise of helping. They
add their own profit margin which result in less sales
and lesser profit.

39. Social barrier
The traditions and customs prevailed in India societies
towards women sometimes stand as an obstacle before
them to grow and prosper . Castes and religion
dominate with one another and hinders women
entrepreneurs too. In rural areas they face more social
barriers. They are always seen with suspicious eyes.

40. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
 Women entrepreneurship has been recognised as an
important source of economic growth. Women
entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others
and also provide society with different solutions to
management, organisation and business problems.
 However, they still represent a minority of all
entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs often face gender-
based barriers to starting and growing their businesses, like
discriminatory property, matrimonial and inheritance laws
and/or cultural practices; lack of access to formal finance
mechanisms; limited mobility and access to information
and networks, etc.

41. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
 Women’s entrepreneurship can make a particularly
strong contribution to the economic well-being of
the family and communities, poverty reduction
and women’s empowerment, thus contributing to
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Thus, governments across the world as well as
various developmental organizations are actively
undertaking promotion of women entrepreneurs
through various schemes, incentives and
promotional measures

42. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
 In India, the Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
development organisations, various State Small
Industries Development Corporations, the
Nationalised banks and even NGOs are conducting
various programmes including Entrepreneurship
Development Programmes (EDPs) to cater to the
needs of potential women entrepreneurs, who may not
have adequate educational background and skills. The
Office of DC (MSME) has also opened a Women Cell
to provide coordination and assistance to women
entrepreneurs facing specific problems.

43. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India

There are also several other schemes of the
government at central and state level, which provide
assistance for setting up training-cum-income
generating activities for needy women to make them
economically independent. Small Industries
Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has also been
implementing special schemes for women
entrepreneurs

44. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
 In addition to the special schemes for women
entrepreneurs, various government schemes for
MSMEs also provide certain special incentives and
concessions for women entrepreneurs. For instance,
under Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY),
preference is given to women beneficiaries. The
government has also made several relaxations for
women to facilitate the participation of women
beneficiaries in this scheme.

45. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
 Similarly, under the MSE Cluster Development
Programme by Ministry of MSME, the contribution
from the Ministry of MSME varies between 30-80% of
the total project in case of hard intervention, but in
the case of clusters owned and managed by women
entrepreneurs, contribution of the M/o MSME could
be upto 90% of the project cost. Similarly, under the
Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Micro and
Small Enterprises, the guarantee cover is generally
available upto 75% of the loans extended; however the
extent of guarantee cover is 80% for MSEs operated
and/ or owned by women

50. INTRODUCTION OF EKTA KAPOOR
 Today, Ekta Kapoor is the creative director of Balaji Telefilms.
Her company has produced more than 25 serials and each one is
being shown, on an average, four times a week on different
television channels.
 Ekta Kapoor's serials have captured the imagination of masses.
She broken all previous records of TV serial production and
popularity in India.
 Her most famous television venture has been "Kyunki Saas Bhi
Kabhi Bahu Thi" which began in 2000 and is still leading the
TRP ratings in India. Her other famous serials include "Kahaani
Ghar Ghar Ki", "Kahiin To Hoga", "Kavyanjali", "Kyaa Hoga
Nimmo Kaa", "Kasamh Se", "Kahin Kisii Roz", "Kasautii Zindagi
Kay", "Kkusum", "Kutumb", "Kalash", and "Kundali

61. MAIN THINGS THAT LEAD SUCCESS
FOR BALAJI TELEVISION FILMS

62. CORE STRENGTHS OF EKTA
KAPOOR
• CREATIVITY
• TARGETED CONTENT
• CONSTANT IMPROVISATION
• EXPLORING NEW VISTA
• STRONG MANAGEMENT
• SKILLED TALENT POOL
• CONDUCIVE ENVIRONMENT
• PERSISTENCE