This document defines and describes various two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. It discusses properties such as faces, edges, vertices, parallel and perpendicular lines. Specific shapes covered include cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres, cones, cylinders, pyramids, prisms and various plane shapes such as polygons, quadrilaterals, rectangles, kites, rhombuses, trapezoids, pentagons and hexagons.

1. Objective:
To describe properties of solid
shapes
such as perpendicular and
parallel lines, faces and edges

2. PART 1
SOLID SHAPES

3. Two-dimensional Shapes (2D)
• These shapes are flat
and can only be drawn
on paper.
• They have two
dimensions – length
and width.
• They are sometimes
called plane shapes.

4. Three-dimensional Shapes (3D)
• These shapes are solid
or hollow.
• They have three
dimensions – length,
width and height.

5. Face
• Part of a shape that is
flat.(Or curved)
• E.g. A cube has 6
of these.

6. Edge
• The line where two
faces meet.
• E.g. A cube has 12 of
these.

7. Vertex (Vertices)
• The place where three
or more edges meet.
• This pyramid has 4 of
these.

8. Parallel
• These type of lines
stay the same distance
apart for their whole
length. They do not
need to be straight or
the same length.

9. Perpendicular
• A line that is drawn in
a right angle to
another line .
• In solid shapes edges
could be at a right
angle to one another.
• Faces could also be at
right angles to one
another.

10. Cube
• A three-dimensional
shape which has 6
square faces all the
same size.
Some faces parallel
Some edges parallel
Some faces perpendicular
Some edges perpendicular

11. Cuboid
• A three-dimensional
shape which has 6
rectangular faces.
Some faces parallel
Some edges parallel
Some faces perpendicular
Some edges perpendicular

12. Sphere
• A perfectly round
three-dimensional
shape, like a ball. It
has only one curved
face.
No perpendicular faces or edges
No parallel faces or edges

13. Hemisphere
• A three-dimensional
shape that is half a
sphere.
No parallel faces or edges
No perpendicular faces or edges

14. Cone
• A three dimensional
shape with a circle at
its base and a pointed
vertex.
No perpendicular faces or edges
No parallel faces or edges

15. Cylinder
• A three-dimensional
shape with circular
ends of equal size.
Some faces parallel
Some edges parallel
Some faces perpendicular
No edges perpendicular

16. Pyramid
• A three-dimensional
shape which has a
polygon for its base
and triangular faces
which meet at one
vertex.
•E.g. Triangular pyramid
• Square pyramid
• Hexagonal pyramid
• Pentagonal pyramid

17. Square base pyramid
No faces perpendicular
Some edges perpendicular
No faces parallel
Some edges parallel

18. Prism
• A three dimensional
shape that has the
same cross-section all
along its length.

19. Written task
Cube
Cuboid
Cone
Square based- Pyramid
Sphere
Hemispere
SOME PERPENDICULAR FACES
NO PERPENDICULAR FACES
SOME PARALLEL FACES NO PARALLEL FACES

20. Written task
Cube
Cuboid
Square-based pyramid
Sphere
Hemisphere
Cone
SOME PERPENDICULAR EDGES
NO PERPENDICULAR EDGES
SOME PARALLEL EDGES NO PARALLEL EDGES

21. PART 2
PLANE SHAPES

22. Polygons
Two-dimensional shapes
that have sides made
from straight lines.
• E.g. triangles
squares
hexagons

23. Quadrilaterals
• Any two-dimensional
shapes with four
straight sides.
• E.g. square
rhombus
rectangle
trapezium
kite

24. Rectangle
• A four sided two-
dimensional shape
with two pairs of
parallel sides that meet
at right angles.

25. Kite
• A two-dimensional
shape with two shorter
sides of equal length
and two longer sides
of equal length.

26. Rhombus
• A two-dimensional
four sided shape with
opposite sides that are
parallel and all the
sides are the same
length.

27. Trapezium
• A two-dimensional
shape with four
sides.One pair of sides
is parallel with one
side longer than the
other.

28. Pentagon
• A two-dimensional
shape with five
straight sides and five
angles.

29. Hexagon
• A two-dimensional
shape with 6 straight
sides and 6 angles.

30. Octagon
• A two-dimensional
shape with 8 straight
sides and 8 angles.

31. What do we call a shape with:
7 Sides?
9 Sides?
10 Sides?

32. Circle
• A round flat two-
dimensional shape.

33. Square
• Two dimensional
shape with 4 sides of
the same length and 4
90° angles.

34. Triangle
• Two-dimensional
shape with three
straight sides and three
angles.
• Can you name 4
different kinds?