This document discusses a study on developing sludge bricks incorporating silica fume and sugarcane bagasse ash. The objectives are to study the effect of these waste materials on brick performance and evaluate the feasibility of using sewage sludge in brick making. The methodology involves collecting and preparing the materials, conducting laboratory tests, and preparing and testing samples. The test results show that bricks with sludge, sugarcane bagasse ash, and silica fume have higher compressive strength and lower water absorption compared to normal clay bricks. The conclusion is that waste materials can be effectively used in brick production to create a more sustainable and economical construction material.

1. DEVELOPMENT OF SLUDGE BRICK
INCORPORATING SILICA FUME AND
SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH
 Guided By Group no:03
 Ms. SREEKUMARI T.K. ALAN BIJO(03)
 ASST.PROFESSOR ATHULYA SUNIL(10)
 DEPT.OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GADHA REMESH(18)
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KIDANGOOR AKHILNATH P.S.(37)
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2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 NEED OF STUDY
 SCOPE OF STUDY
 OBJECTIVES
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 METHODOLOGY
 LABORATORY TESTS ON SAMPLES
 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
2

3. INTRODUCTION
• Increasing waste along with increasing population is a major problem.
• Best way of disposal is incorporating it with construction materials.
• Sludge ,silica fume and sugarcane bagasse ash can be some alternatives for clay
bricks.
• For economical and sustainable construction, here we have an innovative idea.
3

4. NEEDS OF STUDY
To find a feasible method for waste disposal.
To make available construction materials at a low cost.
4

5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Effective and sustainable way of sludge disposal.
Method to develop high strength bricks.
5

6. OBJECTIVES
 To study the effect of altering variables such as sewage sludge, silica fume and
sugarcane bagasse ash on the performance of brick.
 To study the feasibility of sewage sludge as ingredient in brick making.
 To make eco-friendly, low cost and durable construction material.
 To evaluate and compare normal clay brick with waste incorporated brick
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7. LITERATURE REVIEWS
Sl No. Author Journal Year Description
1 Ching-Haung, Deng-Fong, Lin,Pen-Chi
Chiang
Utilisation of Sludge as Brick materials 2022 o Has discussed about using dried
sludge as a ingredient for making
bricks.
o Increasing the sludge content
results in a decrease of brick
shrinkage, water absorption, and
increase in compressive strength.
o It concludes that the proportion of
sludge in brick mixture and firing
temperature are the two key factors
affecting the quality of bricks.
2 Ashraf Mohammed Heniegal, Mohamed
Ahamed Ramadan, Ahmed Naguib,
Ibrahim Saad Agwa
Study on Properties of Clay Brick
incorporating Sludge of water treatment
Plant and Agricultural waste
2020 o This paper presents about an
efficient approach to disposal of
agricultural waste like sugarcane
bagasse ash,rice husk,wheat husk by
the safe way and recycling in the
clay dry bricks.
o It was observed that clay bricks
containing rice husk ash, sugar cane
bagasse ash and wheat husk ash had
lower compressive strength. While
brick with SW have more strength
compared to normal clay bricks.
7

8. Sl No. Author Journel Year Description
3 P. Amsayazhi, K. Saravana Raja
Mohan
Use of Sludge Waste as Ingredient in
making of Brick
2018 o Has discussed about using sludge from
tannery effluent plant in different
ratios, incorporating quarry dust and
cement in making brick
o Observed that brick with 20%
utilization of SW is acceptable to
produce good quality of brick.
4 Dr.Adel A. Al-Azzawi, Khalida A.
Daud, Muhammed A. Abdul Sattar
Effect of Silica Fume Addition on the
Behavior of Silty-Clayey Soils
2012 o Aims to investigate the effect of silica
fume addition on the behavior of soil
subgrades which has inadequate natural
stability.
o Silica fume increases liquid limits,
plastic limits and plasticity index and
decreased the specific gravity in all
clay samples by 4%, optimum water
content .
o Used to minimize the development of
desiccation cracks and the swelling
behavior of clayey soils as it decrease
crack width by 75%.
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9. METHODOLOGY
9
COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF MATERIAL
LABORATORY TEST ON MATERIALS
PREPARATION OF SPECIMEN
TESTING OF SAMPLES

10. COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF
MATERIALS
10
CLAY
SLUDGE
SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH
SILCA FUME

11. LABORATORY TESTS ON MATERIALS
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
ANALYSIS
 X-ray Fluorescence
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
ANALYSIS
 Hydrometer Analysis
11

12. Chemical Property Analysis
12
MINERALS SLUDGE(%) CLAY(%)
SiO2 43.12 65.32
Fe2O3 5.26 7.51
Al2O3 15.97 13.89
CaO 5.56 1.09
MgO 5.56 0.95
Na2O 0.52 2.61

13. PHYSICAL PROPERTY ANALYSIS
Hydrometer Analysis
13

14. PREPARATION OF SPECIMEN
14
1 • Batching
2 • Mixing
3 • Placing
4 • Sundrying
5 • Burning

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1. BATCHING
• It is the process of measuring ingredients either by volume or by mass.
• Traditionally batching is done by volume.
• The procedure we adopt for batching is by mass of the material as it is more
accurate.

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2. MIXING
Mixing
Dry Mixing
Wet Mixing
Figure 1 Mixing

17. Proportion Of Materials
17
Series Clay(%) Sludge(%) SBA(%) SF(%)
A 100 0 0 0
B 0 100 0 0
C
0 90 10 0
0 80 20 0
0 70 30 0
0 60 40 0
D
0 70 25 5
0 70 20 10
0 70 15 15
0 70 10 20
0 70 5 25

18. Placing
 Mould Size : 19*9*9 cm[As per IS 1077:1992]
 Mould is greased
 Prepared mix were placed in different
layers and compacted
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19. Sun Drying
 Mould is made emptied
 Bricks are sundried
19

20. • Bricks were fired for 6 days
20
Burning
• Burning is done in kiln

21. Laboratory Tests On Samples
As per IS
1077:1992
21
Efflorescence
test
Water Absorption
Test
Compressive
Strength Test

22. Compressive Strength Test
Compressive strength : Capacity of material to withstand axially applied force
3 samples were tested
22
COMP.STRENGTH =
Load at Failure
Area of bed face
N/mm2

23. Water Absorption Test
 Conducted on bricks to find out the amount of moisture content absorbed by
bricks under extreme conditions.
where, W2 - wet weight of sample after 24hr
immersion
W1 - dry weight of sample
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Water Absorption =
W2 – W1
W1
x 100

24. Efflorescence Test
 Conducted to find out any presence of soluble salts.
 As per IS 3495 (part 3) : 1992,efflorescence is reported as :
a. Nil – no permissible deposits of efflorescence
b. Slight – not more than 10% of brick is covered with thin
deposits of salts.
c. Moderate – when there is heavier deposits
d. Serious – when there is heavy deposits combained by
powdering / flacking
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25. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
25
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Clay Sludge Sludge + SBA Sludge + SBA +
Silica Fume
Compressive Strength(N/mm2)
Compressive
Strength(N/mm2)
8.73
5.64
7.96
14.03

26. 26
Water Absorption
0
5
10
15
20
25
Clay Sludge Sludge + SBA Sludge + SBA +
Slica Fume
14.65
20.3
18.19
17.47

27. Efflorescence
27
Series Efflorescence Observed
A Nil
B Slight
C Slight
D Slight

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CONCLUSION
 The non valuable bagasse ash and sludge were converted into bricks and made
them valuable.
 Creating a sustainable ecosystem.
 Bricks with more physical properties than conventional clay bricks.
 The compressive strength of the sample with sludge, SBA and silica fume is
14.03N/mm2. It is due to the property of silica fume particles to dissolve at high
firing temperatures and thus they close the pores within the bricks
 The water absorption and efflorescence properties becomes more effective
 Cost effective and economical variant for conventional bricks.

29. REFERENCES
• Faisal Amin, Safeer Abbas, Wasim Abbass, Abdelatif Salmi, Ali Ahmed, Danish Saeed,
Muhammad Sufian and Mohamed Mahmoud Sayed (2022) “Potential Use of Wastewater
Treatment Plant Sludge in Fabrication of Burnt Clay Bricks”. Multidisciplinary Digital
Publishing Institute(MDPI).
• Ashraf Mohamed Heniegala , Mohamed Ahmed Ramadanb , Ahmed Naguibc ,
Ibrahim Saad Agwad, (2020), “Study on properties of clay brick incorporating sludge of
water treatment plant and agriculture waste”. Elsevier e00397
• Keerthana. S, Kavya. K, Pradeep.T, Sharmila.S, (2019) “Study on Effect of Partial
Replacement of Sludge in Bricks”. International journal of recent technology and
engineering (IJRTE), Volume 07, Issue 06.
• N R Jianu,I C Moga,F Pricop and A Thivoiu,(2018) “Wastewater Sludge Used as Material
for Bricks Fabrication” IOP Conference series: materials science and engineering, 374.
• Dr.Adel A. Al-Azzawi, Khalida A. Daud, Muhammed A. Abdul Sattar,(2012) “ Effect of
Silica Fume Addition on the Behavior of Silty-Clayey Soils”Journel of engineering and
development, Volume 06, ISSN 1873-7822
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