The document discusses three types of project organization structures: functional, pure project, and matrix. The functional structure has project tasks performed within functional departments, allowing flexibility but potentially lack of project focus and decision delays. A pure project structure separates the project team from functional departments, allowing focus on objectives but requiring separate staffing and less job security. A matrix structure combines functional and project aspects, focusing on objectives while allowing coordination and development, but can also cause dual reporting problems, duplication, and power struggles.