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This document discusses CNC plasma cutting machines. It begins by explaining what CNC machining is and its advantages over manual machining. It then discusses the ideal properties of cutting metal and lists the main metal cutting methods. The document focuses on plasma cutting, explaining what a plasma is, the components of a plasma system and torch, the states of matter, examples of plasma in nature, and the basic sequence of operation for a plasma cutting system. It concludes by listing references used.
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This document provides an index and specifications for various optical measuring instruments, including profile projectors and microscopes. It lists several models of profile projectors from the PJ-A3000 and PJ-H30 series, along with their specifications, optional accessories, and available fixtures. It also lists several models of measuring microscopes from the MF, MF-U, and MSM-400 series, along with their specifications and optional accessories. The document provides detailed information on the specifications, features, and options for these optical measuring instruments.
ref.pdf
This document discusses refrigeration and its various applications and methods. It begins by defining refrigeration as the process of achieving and maintaining a temperature below surroundings through the removal of heat. The main types of refrigeration are then listed as domestic, commercial, industrial, marine, air conditioning, and food preservation. Various natural and early mechanical refrigeration techniques are described, such as the use of icehouses and evaporative cooling. The ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle is explained through its four processes. Absorption refrigeration using ammonia-water and lithium bromide-water systems is also summarized. Compressor types including reciprocating, rotary, and centrifugal are defined. Key refrigeration system components and their functions are outlined.
lect 01 (1).pdf
This document provides an introduction to programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It defines a PLC as a specialized computer that monitors processes and controls machinery. The document outlines the history of PLCs in automating factory processes. It also describes the components of a basic PLC system and lists advantages such as flexibility, ease of programming, and reliability compared to traditional relay-based controls.
plasma cutting.pdf
This document discusses the design of a CNC plasma cutting machine. It begins with an introduction to plasma cutting, explaining that plasma cutting uses a high-temperature jet of plasma gas to cut electrically conductive materials like metals. It then provides a flow chart showing the basic components and process of a plasma cutter. The document goes on to discuss the technical details of designing a CNC plasma cutting machine, including the mechanical components, electrical systems, and software setup required to automate the plasma cutting process through computer numerical control.
Grad. Proj. Poster Templete akam.docx
This document appears to be a research project report from Salahaddin University's College of Engineering for the 2018-2019 year. The report was prepared by 4 students and supervised by a faculty member. It includes sections on the introduction, methodology, conclusion, references, and images or figures related to the research project.
project format writting 2.docx
This document appears to be a template for a student project submitted to the Mechanical Engineering Department at Salahaddin University-Erbil in Iraq. The template provides an outline for the typical sections included in an engineering student project paper, such as an abstract, acknowledgements, table of contents, references, etc. It also includes placeholders for the student to include the introduction, methodology, example analysis and design, results and discussion, and conclusion sections. The introduction section provides background on the project and defines the problem statement, objectives and outline. The methodology section details the analysis procedures. The example section applies the methodology to a relevant problem. The results, discussion and conclusion sections present and interpret the findings and link them back to the
PLC4.docx
The document describes a PLC program for controlling a water filling and discharging process in a tank. The program uses two level sensors, one for high level and one for low level, to control a feeding valve and discharge valve. When the low level sensor is triggered, the feeding valve turns on to fill the tank, and when the high level sensor is triggered, the discharge valve turns on to empty the tank. The program is designed to maintain the water level between the two sensor points.
PLC 1 (2).docx
This document summarizes a student project to control a two-directional traffic light using a PLC. It introduces the use of traffic lights to control vehicle and pedestrian traffic. Timers are used to provide time delays to control the light sequences. A ladder logic diagram is programmed with contacts that simulate relays to control the red and green lights for each of the three poles in sequences, with one pole green at a time for a set period before moving to the next pole. The process then repeats continuously to control traffic flow in both directions.
Project Cooling Tower.pptx
This document summarizes different types of cooling towers. It describes how cooling towers work by bringing air and water into contact to reduce the water's temperature through evaporation. It discusses the components of cooling towers, including fill materials, drift eliminators, nozzles, fans, and driveshafts. It also compares crossflow and counterflow cooling towers and how they differ in their water and air flow configurations. Finally, it outlines the differences between factory-assembled and field-erected cooling towers.
final project.docx
This document is a research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree in Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering. It contains an abstract, introduction, and 4 chapters that discuss cooling towers, their components, thermal performance testing, and electrical components. The introduction provides background on cooling towers and how they work to lower water temperature through evaporation and heat transfer to the atmosphere. It also discusses prior research on improving cooling tower performance. The abstract indicates the research examines different types of cooling towers, their application, efficiency, and working principles, and includes a simulation of flow fields around a cooling tower.
final project1.docx
This document is a research project submitted for a degree in Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering on cooling towers. It includes 4 chapters that discuss mechanical components, thermal performance testing, and electrical components of cooling towers. The introduction provides background on cooling towers and how they work to remove heat from water through evaporation. It also discusses types of cooling towers, including natural draft and mechanical draft, and covers psychrometrics and heat transfer principles.
project cooling tower.docx
1. The document compares three types of cooling towers - wet, dry, and hybrid - that are used in closed cooling systems for large power reactors.
2. It outlines the procedures for dimensioning each type of cooling tower, including calculating heat and mass transfer, air and water flows, electric power needs, and water loss. Equations used for each type are presented.
3. Results from dimensioning a 100 MW cooling tower of each type for a highland region in Algeria are presented to compare electricity consumption and water loss between the three options.
robotic.docx
The document is a homework assignment submitted by Ahmed Naseh Latif, a student in the 4th stage of the Mechanic and Mechatronic Engineering department at Salahaddin University-Erbil. The assignment asks the student to list 10 applications of robots in real life with pictures. The student provides 10 applications: 1) automated transportation, 2) security/defense/surveillance, 3) robot cooking, 4) medicine, 5) education, 6) home maintenance, 7) dangerous jobs, 8) as a servant, 9) as a friend, and 10) crime fighting. The student includes references from books and articles on the history and uses of robotics.
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- 1. University Of Salahaddin College Of Engineering (CNC Plasma Cutting Machine) Prepared : 1-Muhammad Jawhar 2-Awat Yousif 3-Kayfe Sayfaddin 4-Xwazbin Osman Fourth Grade – Group A Supervised by Dr. Abdulqadir
- 2. What Is CNC Machining? Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining is a manufacturing process in which pre-programmed computer software dictates the movement of factory tools and machinery. The process can be used to control a range of complex machinery, from grinders and lathes to mills and CNC routers. With CNC machining, three-dimensional cutting tasks can be accomplished in a single set of prompts.
- 3. The perfect cut All customers cutting metal are looking for essentially the same thing -THE PERFECT CUT. The perfect cut would have the following properties: •Low cost •No metallurgical changes •Repeatability •Easy to operate •Square cut edge angle •Excellent tolerance •No kerf lost •High speed
- 4. All metal cutting methods have advantages and disadvantages. Fundamentally, all metal cutting processes on the market today fall into one of three categories: •Chemical (Oxy-Fuel). •Thermal-Plasma (that does not use air or Oxygen). •Mechanical (Sawing,punching,nibbling,abrasive water jet,shearing). •Thermal-Chemical (Air or Oxy-plasma). The cutting methodes 1. CNC Water jet cutting 2. CNC Laser cutting machine 3. CNC Plasma cutting machine
- 5. What is a Plasma? A plasma is a state of matter like a solid, liquid or gas. Adding heat to material causes the molecules in it to vibrate or move more quickly. When a solid is heated, the molecules start to vibrate more vigorously. Eventually the solid turns to a liquid and the molecules actually move around and collide with each other. As more energy or heat is added the motion becomes faster and more vigorous still and eventually the molecules move so quickly and collide so energetically (violently) that they separate and form a gas. If still more energy is added to the gas the molecules travel faster and thus collide with each other more violently and the gas changes to a plasma. .
- 7. The States of Matter
- 10. Plasma in Nature One example of plasma, as seen in nature, is lightning. Just like a plasma torch, the lightning moves electricity from one place to another. In lightning, gases in the air are the ionization gases
- 11. Sequence of Operation we need to understand the basic functions of the four major system components of every plasma cutting system: •Power Supply •Start Circuit •Gas Flow Control •Torch
- 16. Reference REFERENCES • https://www.productionproducts.net/plasma- pro-cnc/control-retrofit/ • https://www.esabna.com/us/en/education/blo g/what-is-plasma-cutting.cfm • https://www.jasic.co.uk/post/guide-to-plasma- cutting • https://multicamcanada.wordpress.com/2011/ 10/11/plasma-torch-parts/