The document discusses President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal program and his selection of William Howard Taft as his successor. Taft won the 1908 election easily due to Roosevelt's endorsement. The 1912 election saw Roosevelt run as a third party candidate after splitting with Taft, weakening the Republican vote and allowing Democrat Woodrow Wilson to win the presidency. Wilson pursued progressive reforms like the Federal Reserve Act and 16th Amendment during his first term from 1913-1921. He supported women's suffrage, which became the 19th Amendment, prohibiting sex-based voting restrictions.