This document summarizes several major nursing professional associations and regulatory bodies, including their goals, activities, and organizational structure. The International Council of Nurses is the world's first and largest international nursing organization. The Indian Nursing Council regulates nursing education and practice in India. Other associations discussed are the American Nurses Association, Trained Nurses Association of India, and Student Nurses Association. State nursing councils maintain nurse registration and help set standards within each state.
ANP Professinal organization and Union by - Jitendra Bokha .docx.pptxJitendra Bokha
Professsional nursing organizations provide opportunities for nurses to branch out of their existing workplace to meet new people and learn new things.
Professional organization and associations in nursing are critical for generating the energy, Flow of ideas, and proactive work needed to maintain a healthy profession that advocates for the needs of its clients and nurses, and the trust of society.
Nursing Organizations: Local to Global ImpactIstiakAhmed83
Membership in professional nursing organizations, whether national or international, offers nurses invaluable opportunities for growth and advancement. These organizations serve as platforms for collaboration, education, advocacy, and networking, empowering nurses to stay informed about current trends, enhance their skills, and contribute to the advancement of healthcare on a local and global scale. National organizations focus on addressing local workforce challenges and advocating for policy changes, while international organizations facilitate global collaboration and address issues of international significance, such as health disparities and workforce migration. By joining these organizations, nurses gain access to resources, training, and support networks that enable them to excel in their practice and make a meaningful impact on patient care and the nursing profession.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
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Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
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Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
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Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
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2. REGULATORY BODY
• A regulatory body is a public authority or
government agency responsible for exercising
autonomous authority over some area of
human activity in a regulatory or supervisory
capacity.
3. MAJOR NURSING PROFESSIONAL
ASSOCIATION & REGULATORY BODIES
• International Council of Nurses (ICN)
• American Nurses Association(ANA)
• Indian Nursing Council (INC)
• State Registration Council
• Trained Nurses association of India (TNAI)
• Student Nurses Association
4. International Council of Nurses (ICN)
• Founded in 1899, headquartered in Geneva,
Switzerland.
• World’s first largest international
organization for health.
• Represents 16 million international nurses
130 national nurses organization.
5. The Three goals are:
• To bring nursing together worldwide
• To advance nurses and nursing worldwide
• To influence health policy.
6. OBJECTIVES are four fold:
1. To promote & development of strong nurse’s
association.
2. To assist nurse’s association to improve
standard of nursing.
3. To assist nurse’s association status of nurses
within their countries.
4. To serve as authoritative voice for nurses.
7. ACTIVITIES
PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE
• Advance nursing practice
• Primary health care
• Family health, women’s health
• Safe water
NURSING REGULATIONS
• Code of ethics, standards & competencies.
• Continuing education.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELFARE FOR NURSES
• Occupational health & safety.
• Career development.
8. • STRUCTURE:
Council of national representative(CNR)
ICN board of directors
Chief excusive officers
ICN personnel
9. • CNR is the governing body of ICN & sets
policies, admits members, selects board of
directors.
• ICN is governed by 15 member board of
directors & they once in a year.
• ICN has 4 officers. One president & three vice
– president.
10. INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL (INC)
• AIM – To establish a uniform standard of
training for nurses midwives and health
visitors.
• INC was constituted in 1949.
• INC is a regulatory body for nurses and
nursing education in India.
• It is an autonomous body under the
Government of India, Ministry of Health and
Family Affairs
12. • Dr. T. Dileep Kumar
President, president.inc@gov.in
• Dr. Asha Sharma
Vice President, vp.inc@gov.in
• Mrs.Ranjeet Kaur
Secretary, secy.inc@gov.in
• Mrs. K. S. Bharati
Joint Secretary, js.inc@gov.in
13. COMMITTEES
• Executive committee: to deliberate an issues
related to maintenance of nursing standards.
• The nursing education committee: to
deliberate an issues concerned with nursing
education.
• Equivalence committee: to deliberate an
issues of foreign qualification.
• Finance committee: to deliberate an issues
related to budget, expenditure etc.
14. FUNCTIONS
• To establish and monitor a uniform standard
of nursing education.
• To recognize the qualifications for the
purpose of registration and employment
everywhere.
• To give approval for registration of Indian and
foreign nurses possessing foreign
qualification.
• To prescribe the syllabus and regulations for
nursing programme.
15. • Power to withdraw the recognition in case
the institution fails to maintain its standard.
• To advise the state nursing councils,
examining board, state and central
government in various important items in
nursing education.
16. GUIDELINES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
NEW NURSING SCHOOLS / COLLEGES
• Any organization under the central, state
government, local body or a private trust should
obtain the no objection certificate from the state
government.
• The INC on the receipt of the proposal from the
institution to start nursing programme, will undertake
the first inspection to assess the suitability.
• After the approval from INC, the institution shall
obtain the approval from state nursing council and
examination board.
• The INC conducts the inspection every year till the
first batch completes the programme.
17. TYPE OF INSPECTION
• FIRST INSPECTION : The first inspection is
conducted on the receipt of proposal.
• RE – INSPECTIONS : Re-inspections are
conducted for those institutions, which are
found unsuitable by INC.
• PERIODIC INSPECTION : INC conducts the
periodical inspections once the institution is
found suitable by INC.
18. PROGRAME INDER INC
• ANM: 1 and a half year
• GNM: Three and a half years
• P.B. Bsc(N): 2 years
• Bsc.(N): 4 years
• Msc.(N): 2 years
• M.Phil: 1 year
• Doctorate in Nursing:3 to 5 years
19. RESOLUTION
• Maximum period for the students to complete
revised ANM/GNM programme is 3 and 6 years
respectively.
• Maximum age for teaching faculty is 70 years.
• Admission to married candidates for all the
nursing programme is allowed.
• Relaxation of norms to establish M.Sc.(N)
Programme.
• Relaxation of student patient ratio for clinical
practice: 1:3 student patient ration instead of
1:5.
20. • Relaxation of teaching faculty qualification to
start a B.Sc. (N) programme.
• To maintain the quality of post-graduate, INC
resolved not to have a M.Sc. (N) Programme
through distance education.
• Institutions should have their own building
within two years of establishment.
• Maximum no. of 60 seats can be sanctioned
to the institutions having less than 500
bedded hospital and 100 to those having 500
bedded hospital.
21. STATE NURSING COUNCIL
• Registration in state Nursing council is very
necessary for every nurse. It is necessary to
be registered in order to function officially as
a professional nurse. Registration councils are
functioning in all the states of India and they
are affiliated to I.N.C.
22. • A register of names of professional nurses is
maintained by each state nurses Registration
Council. These names are also put into the
Indian Nurses Register maintained by the
Indian Nursing Council. Nurses, midwives,
auxiliary nurse midwives and health visitors
are registered. All degree holding nurses also
have to get the registration in state council.
23. The present functions of the State Nurses
Registration Council:
• Recognize Officially and inspect schools of
nursing in their states.
• Conduct examinations.
• Prescribe rules of conduct, take disciplinary
actions, etc.
• Maintain registers of Graduate nurses, nurses
holding degrees in nursing, midwives revised
auxiliary nurse midwives or multi-purpose
workers and health visitors.
24. Composition of SNRC
• The State Nursing Councils are
administratively headed by the Registrar who
usually is a nurse.
• There is deputy registrar who also is a nurse.
• There is a staff consisting of Accountant and
other staff as clerks and peons to help him in
his day to day work and functions.
• The President and Vice-President is elected
by members from amongst themselves.
25. Functions of Registrar of SNC
• To draw a programme for examinations of
various types of educational programmes at
all centres at the same time.
• To prepare a time schedule for written and
practical examinations, to prepare Roll
number sheets of students and send them to
various examination centres.
26. • After examiners have drawn the question
papers, to get them printed under strict
confidential atmosphere and keep up the
secrecy regarding them.
• To prepare examination results and
communicate the results to concerned
institutions.
• To prepare the diploma certificates and
registration certificates of nurses who have been
qualified for both.
27. • To arrange for inspections to ascertain that
the institutions are carrying out the
educational programmes as per syllabus,
conditions and rules and regulations laid
down by State Council.
28. TRAINED NURSES
ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
• The TNAI is the national professional association.
• 1905 : The association had its beginning in the
association of nursing superintendent at lucknow.
OBJECTIVES :
• Uphold the dignity and honour of nursing profession
• Promote a sense of espirit-de-corps among all the
nurses.
• Enabling members to take counsel together on
matters relating to their profession.
29. • 1909 : Inaugurated Trained Nurses Association.
• 1910 : TNA elected its own officer.
• 1922 : Two organizations were brought together as
the “TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA”
AIMS :
• To standardize, upgrade, develop nursing education
and to elevate nursing education.
• To improve the living and working conditions of the
nurses and develop the educational conditions
available for nursing.
• To provide registration for qualified nurses and to
provide reciprocity of registration within different
states in the country and within different countries.
30. ORGANISATION OF TNAI
• It consists of :
1.President
2. Vice President
3.Honorary Treasurer
4. Secretary General
5. Assistant Secretaries
6. Branch/joint Secretaries
31. MEMBERSHIP
• FULL MEMBERS: Fully qualified Registered
nurses.
• ASSOCIATE MEMBERS: Health Visitors,
midwives and ANMs.
• AFFILIATE MEMBERS: Student nurses and
members of affiliated organizations.
32. BENEFITS OF TNAI MEMBERSHIP
• Holding national level conferences
• Low cost publications for members and students
Continuing education programmes for updating
knowledge
• Socio-economic welfare programmes
• Research studies are conducted regularly for
benefit of members
• Scholarship for TNAI members and student
nurses.
33. • Scholarships: TNAI has been granting scholarship iof
INR 24000/- years since 1943 to student nurse
members and life members for pursuing
ANM/Diploma/Degree/Post Graduate Degree. (for
details. write to us on sna@tnaionline.org
• Welfare Grant: Welfare grant is being provided since
1939 for the members who are critically/terminally ill.
(for details write to us on prim@tnaionline.org.
• Elderly Care Home and Day Care Centre: TNAI had
started Day Care Centre at Greater Noida for Nurses,
senior citizens and general public.
34. • Annual grant to state branches to hold
activities.
• One fourth railway concession for TNAI
members.
• The guest room facilities at the headquarters
and also in some states.
• Nurses day celebration at Rashtrapati Bhavan
every year.
35. PUBLICATION
• Handbook of TNAI…..published in 1913.
• Nursing Journal of India……published
monthly. It is the official organ of the TNAI.
• A copy of this journal shall be sent free to all
the full members and Associate members.
36. STUDENT NURSES ASSOCIATION
• It is an incorporate organization of TNAI.
• It was established in 1929.
• In 1954 : SNA celebrated its silver jubilee and
no. of units were 117
• At present, it has more than 506 units.
37. OBJECTIVES OF SNA
• To help students to uphold the dignity of the profession.
• To promote a corporate spirit among students for the
common good.
• To encourage leadership ability and help students to gain a
wide knowledge of nursing profession.
• To help students to increase their social contacts & general
knowledge.
• To encourage professional, social & recreational
development.
• To provide a special section in “ THE NURSING JOURNAL OF
INDIA.” for student’s benefit.
• To encourage students to compete for prizes in the students
nurses exhibition & to attend national & state conferences.
38. MANAGEMENT OF SNA
• GENERAL COMMITTEE OF SNA:
• President of TNAI or vice president
• Vice president of SNA state branches,
honorary treasurer of TNAI, National SNA
advisor, secretaries of SNA state branches,
secretary general of TNAI.
39. SNA GENERAL BODY
AT NATIONAL LEVEL:
Members are:
• Members of SNA general committee.
• 3 representatives from each unit i.e., SNA VP,
SNA Secretary & SNA advisor.
• All SNA delegates attending the conference.
AT STATE LEVEL:
Members are:
• State SNA Executive members
• SNA Unit representatives ( VP, Secretary, SNA
Advisor )
40. SNA UNIT
• Members elected by its own in GBM.
Members are:
– SNA Unit advisor ( should be a TNAI member)
– Vice president
– Secretary
– Treasurer
– Programme chair person
• GBM held at regular intervals
• Agenda for GBM will be acc. To needs of the unit
members & aims & objectives of SNA.
41. ACTIVITIES OF SNA
• Organization of meetings and conferences.
• Maintenance of diary.
• Exhibition.
• Public speaking and writing.
• Project undertaking.
• Propagation of nursing profession.
• Fund raising.
• Socio-cultural and recreational activities.
• Other activities.
42. AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION(1911)
PURPOSE:
• To improve the quality of nursing care.
ACTIVITIES:
• Establish standards for nursing care.
• Develop educational standards.
• Promote nursing research.
• Establish a professional code of ethics.
• Oversee a credentialing system.
• Influences legislation affecting health care.
43. • Protect the economic and general welfare of
RN.
• Assist with professional development of
nurse.
MEMBERSHIP
• Federation of state nurses associations
• Individual RN can participate in ANA joining
their respective state nurses association.
PUBLICATIONS
• American journal of nursing.
• American nurses.