The document discusses non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques for 5G networks and beyond. It provides an overview of orthogonal multiple access schemes like FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA used in previous standards. NOMA aims to improve spectral efficiency by allowing signals of multiple users to be superimposed in the power domain or code domain at the transmitter and separated using successive interference cancellation at the receiver. The document presents different NOMA techniques including power-domain NOMA, cluster-based MIMO-NOMA, and beamforming-based MIMO-NOMA. It also discusses how NOMA can be integrated into heterogeneous networks with massive MIMO and small cells.

1. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 1/ 12 ⇒|
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for 5G and
Beyond
Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017
by
Yuanwei Liu, Zhijin Qin, Maged Elkashlan,
Zhiguo Ding, Arumugam Nallanathan and
Lajos Hanzo

2. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 2/ 12 ⇒|
Orthogonal multiple access schemes: FDMA,
TDMA and CDMA
C
o
d
e
Time
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
Time
Time
User 1
User 2
User
1
User
2
2
1
User 3

3. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 3/ 12 ⇒|
Intentional DS-CDMA Spreading
A/SF
Signal
B
A
SF B
Spreading code
A/SF
Interferer
B
A
SF B
Spreading code
Despreading code
A/SF
A

4. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 4/ 12 ⇒|
Unintentional Channel-Induced Spreading
time
CIR amplitude
pred.
estim.
delay
N
[t]
tap

5. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 5/ 12 ⇒|
Evolution of Multiple Access & its Impact on
Wireless Standardization

6. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 6/ 12 ⇒|
MIMO
Sq.
BF Close
OVSF-CDMA St.
OMA/
NOMA
Sq.
Turbo St. FEC
Sq.
LDPC St.
BICM-ID
St.
MFAA St.
4G
Sq.
HetNets
CR
SDN
Sq.
UL/DL
decoupling
St.
MFAA
LS-MIMO
Terrace
5G
Place
Telepr.
Ave.
MPEG
St.

7. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 7/ 12 ⇒|
Next-generation network architecture.

8. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 8/ 12 ⇒|
Macro
cell
……
Massive
MIMO
Small cells
D2D
f
• Ultra Wideband
(cmWave, mmWave)
• NOMA
Power
f
V2V
M2M
IoT
Fronthaul
...
Cloud RAN
Forwarding
Virtualization Software defined networking controller
Applications
...
IoT Health Safety
Telco API
Radio access unit
VR

9. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 9/ 12 ⇒|
Power-Domain NOMA
User m
detection
User n
detection
User n
Subtract user
m ’s signal
0
BS
User m
User m
detection
Superimposed signal of
User m and n
BS
User m
(b). Downlink NOMA Transmission
(c). Uplink NOMA Transmission
SIC
User n
User n
detection
User m
detection
Subtract user
n ’s signal
SIC
(a). Power Multiplexing NOMA
Power
Time
User n
User m
Time
Non-cooperative NOMA
Cooperative NOMA
SIC

10. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 10/ 12 ⇒|
Cluster-based MIMO-NOMA.
BS
Cluster 1 Cluster 2
Cluster m Cluster M
User LM
... ...
User 1
User L2
User 1
User Lm
User 2
User 1
User L1
User 1
User 2
...
User 2 User 2
...
...
...

11. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 11/ 12 ⇒|
Beamformer-based MIMO-NOMA.
User 1
User 2
User N+1
User N+2
User N
User N+M
BS
...
...
...
...

12. c Liu, Qin, Elkashlan, Ding, Nallanathan & Hanzo Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 2017 12/ 12 ⇒|
NOMA and massive MIMO based hybrid HetNets.
Massive MIMO
User 1
SIC of User
m signal
User n signal
detection
User n
User m signal
detection
User m
NOMA
User 2
User N
……
Pico BS
Marco BS