problems of oral cavity
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In this slide contains problems of oral cavity Presented by: NARAYAN SINGH UDIT (Department of pharmaceutics).RIPER, anantapur
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problems of oral cavity
- 1. Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 Problems of Oral Cavity Seminar on Production Planning and Control Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research(RIPER)- Autonomous JNT University Anantapur in Partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Master of Pharmacy in Pharmaceutics Presented by UDIT NARAYAN SINGH (20L81S307) Under the guidance of Ms. Hima Udaya Sree Assistant Professor Department of Pharmaceutics
- 2. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 Contents Oral Cavity – Introduction Problems associated with Oral Cavity • Dental cavities • Bleeding gums • Mouth odor • Tooth sensitivity • Mouth sores • Tooth erosion • Yellow teeth • Toothache General ingredients of Dental products References 2
- 3. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 3
- 4. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 4 ORAL CAVITY Structure • Consists of – Salivary glands, Teeth and tongue, Cheeks (retromolar) • Salivary glands – Parotid Submandibular Sublingual • Roof of oral cavity includes both hard & soft palate • Lateral walls include cheeks and retromolar region Arches consist of teeth & alveolar bones • Lies interior to nasal cavity, and has roof, floor and lateral walls • Divided in two arches- Upper arch Lower arch Location Constitution
- 5. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 5
- 6. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 6 DENTAL CAVITIES (Caries) Causes • Due to tooth decay, erosion of tooth structure • Tooth decay affect either enamel or dentin Types • Smooth surface cavities • Pit and fissure cavities • Root cavities, below gum line Symptoms • Toothache • Tooth sensitivity • Pain while eating or drinking • Visible holes or pits • Tooth staining
- 7. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 7
- 8. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 8 BLEEDING GUMS Causes • Buildup of plaque at gumline • Tartar or infection • Vitamin A deficiency • Hard brushing • Improper flushing Symptoms • Easily bleeding gums • Swollen, red gums • Bad breath • Visible pus around teeth and gums • Toothache Treatment • Plaque removal • Clove oil • Aloe vera – to reduce the inflammati on • Salt gargling Prevention • Rinsing by antimicrobi al(Listrine) • Regular brushing with soft bristles • Flossing teeth, removing food debris
- 9. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 9
- 10. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 10 MOUTH ODOR (Halistosis) Causes • Food • Tobacco • Poor dental hygiene • Dry mouth • Oral infections • Dental problems • Medications Symptoms • Bad breath • Unpleasant taste or odor • Dry mouth • White coating on the tongue Treatment • Proper dental hygiene • Mouthwash • Sugar free gum • Quitting smoking • Proper tooth brushing Remedies • Fennel – Excellent mouth freshner, also antimicrobial • Cinnamon – Reduces amount of bacteria in mouth
- 11. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 11 Treatment • Filling – If decay is not extensive • Crown – If decay is more severe • Root canal or Extraction – If decay reaches root of tooth Home remedies • Clove – Anti- inflammator y, Analgesic, Anti- bacterial • Salt – Anti- septic, Anti- bacterial properties Prevention • Regular brushing and flossing • Using fluoride toothpaste • Limited intake of sugary drinks
- 12. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 12
- 13. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 13 TOOTH SENSITIVITY Cause Exposure of dentin of tooth to oral environment Dentine has numerous fine tubules which connect to pulp Irritation of nerve endings by external stimuli cause pain Mechanism of Action Occlusion of the dentin tubules Desensitization of nerve fibers, blocking the neural transmission
- 14. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 14 Thermal Types of Stimuli Electrical Mechanical Osmotic Evaporation Chemical Types of Tooth Sensitivity Pulpal Dentinal
- 15. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 15 Agents used in sensitive tooth Strontium Chloride Strontium Acetate Arginine Calcium Carbonate Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate Potassium Nitrate Sodium Fluoride Decrease permeability of Dentin in vitro Cause nerve depolarization & prevent repolarization
- 16. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 16
- 17. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 17 MOUTH SORES Causes • Biting of tongue, lips or cheeks • Burns while eating hot food or drinks • Tissue trauma from braces Treatment • Heal in 10- 14 days without treatment • OTC drugs like H-B12 melts • Salt water gargle • Baking soda water paste Most commonly occurring sores are – • Canker • Cold sores Painful Ulcers on – • Cheeks • Lips • Gums • Tongue • Soft palate • Bottom of mouth
- 18. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 18
- 19. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 19 TOOTH EROSION Treatment • Drinking more water in case of dry mouth • Using fluoride toothpaste Gradual loss of normal hard surface of tooth Causes Erosion by – • Acidic foods • Drinks like sodas and juices Prevention • Brushing with soft bristled toothbrush after eating and drinking
- 20. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 20
- 21. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 21 YELLOW TEETH Tooth discoloration, yelowishness of teeth due to staining Causes • Excess fluoride • Plaque/ Tartar buildup • Aging • Smoking Prevention • Avoiding acidic or tannin containing food or drinks • Proper brushing
- 22. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 22
- 23. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 23 TOOTHACHES Pain radiating from teeth Causes • Pulpitis • Wisdom tooth eruption • Gum infections • Damages teeth Treatment • Filling root canal • Antibiotics • Photothera py with cold laser may reduce inflammato ry pain
- 24. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 24 COMMON INGREDIENTS OF DENTAL PRODUCTS Fluorides • Mineral, helps in strengthening the enamel and less susceptible to cavities Glycerol • Prevents tooth paste from drying out, gives consistent texture Sorbitol • Holds the toothpaste together • Sweetening agent Calcium Carbonate • Abrasive, removes plaque, debris and surface stains • In toothpaste as abrasive • In mouthwash as antiseptic Sodium Bicarbonate
- 25. RIPER AUTONOMOUS NAAC & NBA (UG) SIRO- DSIR Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 25 • https://emedicine-medccape.com/article/the-oral-cavity-overview • https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tc/tooth-decay • https://en.m.Wikipedia.org References