Common problems associated with oral cavity.pptx

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Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 1
Common problems associated with oral cavity
Cosmetic and Cosmeceuticals (CC)
Under Guidance of
Mrs. Hima Udaya sree.
Presented by
Abul Hassan Junaid
21L81S0303
M. Pharmacy
2nd semester

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• Introduction
• Types of diseases
• Preventive methods
• Oral Hygiene Care.
• Healthy Habits.
• Conclusion
• References
Contents

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Oral cavity:
• The entrance of the alimentary canal or mouth is known as oral cavity.
• It includes
Introduction
Lips
Lining
inside Cheeks
Tongue Teeth Gums

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Cont’d…...
• The oral cavity is lined throughout
with mucous membrane, which consists of stratified
squamous epithelium containing small mucus – secreting glands.
• The tongue is composed of voluntary muscle. It plays an important role in chewing,
swallowing, speech and taste.
• The teeth mechanically breaks down the food by crushing or cutting and helps in
swallowing or digesting.
• The teeth can be classified into Molars, Premolars, Canine, Incisors.
• Salivary glands release their secretions into ducts that lead to mouth and about 1.5
litres of saliva is secreted daily. It consists of water, mineral salts, salivary
amylase(digestive enzyme), mucous and antimicrobial substances.

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Types of diseases
 Bad breath
 Tooth decay
 Oral cancer
 Burning mouth
syndrome (BMS)
 Geographic tongue
 Leukoplakia
 Dry Mouth
 Dental abscess
 Periodental disease
 Thrush
 Trench Mouth
 Mumps
 Mouth ulcer
 Tooth erosion
 Stain teeth
 Hyperdontia
 Malocclusion
 Sensitive Teeth.

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BAD BREATH (Halitosis):
 This is the most common problem nowadays; research says around 90% of the
population suffer from persistent bad breath.
ETIOLOGY:
 Cavities, Bacteria accumulation, Oral cancer, consumption of food which
contains onion and ginger.
 In some cases, Ear Infection.
Precautions:
 Proper brushing, Mouthwashes, Change in eating habits.

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TOOTH DECAY:
 Tooth decay can also be called as dental caries or cavities. In this condition breakdown
of teeth occurs due to acids made by bacteria.
 The color of the cavities may vary from yellow to black. Common bacteria associated
is Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, and lactobacilli.
ETIOLOGY:
 Accumulation of food particles, plague (gelatinous mass), fermentation of sugar in
saliva, lactic acid release and breakdown of minerals present in enamel.
PRECAUTIONS:
 Proper brushing, Low Fluoride, Less sugar consumption.
Cont’d…...

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ORAL CANCER:
 Many people suffer from this disease annually.
 It affects mouth, lips and throat.
ETIOLOGY:
Tobacco, heavy alcohol, Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
PRECAUTIONS:
 Reduce consumption of Tobacco.
 Avoid excessive exposure to sun.
 Regular dental checkups.

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BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME (BMS):
 It can be characterized as a burning sensation in the tongue or other parts in the
mouth.
 There is no specific reason or cause for this disease.
 Dryness and taste disturbances are often.
PRECAUTIONS:
 There is no known specific way to prevent this. By avoiding tobacco, junk food,
carbonated beverages you can prevent up to some extent.

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Geographic Tongue (benign migratory glossitis):
 It is a common idiopathic condition which affects 10% of children and adults.
 It can be seen in the form of map like red areas and patterns may change rapidly.
 The tongue is often fissured.
ETIOLOGY:
 Psoriasis, Hormonal surges (Oral Contraceptives), Vitamin deficiency, diabetes.
PRECAUTIONS:
 There is no way to prevent this. Some say Psoriasis is the reason.

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Leukoplakia:
 Also called as smokers' keratosis.
 Thickened white patches inside the mouth.
 Non-cancerous.
 Some cases it might turn into cancer.
CAUSES:
 Tobacco consumption
 Smoking.
PRECAUTIONS:
 Avoid smoking and tobacco consumption.

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DRY MOUTH:
 Also known as xerostomia. It can be characterized as dry mouth sensation and
difficulty in speaking and swallowing, due to sticky and thick saliva.
 Some may also complain of halitosis.
ETIOLOGY:
 Psychogenic causes including BMS, Age-related, Anti cholinergic medications
(tricyclic antidepressants), diuretics.
PRECAUTIONS:
 Stay hydrated, chew gums, avoid alcohol and caffeine, consumption of tobacco
and smoking cigarettes should be reduced.

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DENTALABSCESS:
 Formation of pus in the tooth or within the surrounding structures.
 It usually originates in the center of the tooth.
 Symptoms may include worsening pain from hours to days.
ETIOLOGY:
 Bacteria, poor dental habits, diet high in sugar, dry mouth.
PRECAUTIONS:
 Drinking fluoride water, proper brushing.
 Floss.
 Change toothbrush for every 3-4 months.

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PERIODENTAL DISEASE:
 Periodental disease is serious gum infection which damage the soft tissue and
destroys the bone support to the teeth.
 Two types of periodental disease are
(a) Gingivitis {Inflammation of gingival tissue}
(b) Periodontitis {spaces between tooth}
ETIOLOGY:
poryphyromonas streptococcus, Actinomyces.
PREVENTION:
 Proper hygiene of teeth, brushing on regular basis, dental checkups.

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THRUSH:
 Immune system and body’s normal bacteria usually keep Candida in balance.
When this balance gets disturbed, it leads to overgrowth of Candida fungus,
causing thrush.
ETIOLOGY:
Candida Ablicans.
PRECAUTIONS:
 Brush regularly.
 Keeping diabetes in control.
 Stop smoking.
 Cleaning denture.

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TRENCH MOUTH:
 Severe gum infection caused by buildup of bacteria.
 Generally, occurs in HIV infected patient.
 It is severe periodentis.
ETIOLOGY:
Prevatella Intermedia, Fusobacterium Species, Treponema vicentri.
PRECAUTIONS:
 Following general oral hygiene.

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MUMPS:
 It is a contagious disease caused by a virus that passes from one person to other
through saliva, nasal secretions and close personal contact.
 First it affects the salivary glands and causes swelling in the infected area.
ETIOLOGY:
RNA virus of Rubulavirus genus and
Paramyxovirus family.
PRECAUTIONS:
 Vaccination. {MUMPS}

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MOUTH ULCER:
 Also known as canker-sores, are normally small painful lesions that develop in
mouth or at the base of your gums.
CAUSES:
 Minor mouth injury.
 Vitamin Deficiency (B12), Zinc, folate, iron.
 Dental braces, Hormonal changes during menstruation.
 Lack of sleep, Bacterial or fungal infections.
PRECAUTIONS:
 Oral hygiene and eating well balanced food.

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TOOTH EROSION:
 It can be defined as irreversible loss of tooth and structure due to chemical
dissolution by acids not of bacterial origin.
 Usually, foods and drinks with a pH less than 5.0 – 5.7 tend to trigger dental
erosion effects.
CAUSES:
 Accumulation of food particles.
 Release of lactic acid.
 Anaerobic fermentation of sugar.
PRECAUTIONS:

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STAIN TEETH:
 Discoloration of teeth by formation of stains on the teeth surface or by changes
inside the teeth.
 There are three types of discoloration of teeth.
They are (a) Extrinsic – outer layer (Coffee, Wine, Tobacco)
(b) Intrinsic – inner structure dentin darkens.
(c) Age – combination of both extrinsic and intrinsic
PRECAUTIONS:

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HYPERDONTIA:
 It is a condition of having supernumerary teeth, or teeth that appear in addition to
the regular number of teeth.
 They can appear in any area of the dental arch
and can affect any dental organ.
CAUSES:
 Genetic factor, environmental factor, hyper activity of dental lamina during tooth
development.
TREATMENT:
 Early detection and removal of teeth.

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MALOCCULSION:
 It can be defined as incorrect relation or misalignment between the teeth of
two dental arches.
CAUSES:
 It maybe present at birth.
 Habits such as thumb sucking, tongue thrusting and premature loss of teeth
from accident or dental disease.
TREATMENT:
 Devices – Dentures, braces and clean aligners.
 Surgery.
 Oral hygiene.

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SENSITIVE TEETH:
 These are result of worn-out tooth or enamel or exposed tooth roots.
CAUSES:
 Hard Brushing.
 Application of large amount of toothpaste.
 Frequent change of toothbrush.

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Natural Products:
 CLOVE & CLOVE OIL (analgesic)
 COCONUT OIL (anti bacterial)
 GREEN TEA (cavities)
 PEPPERMINT (anti inflammatory)
 GINGER (anti oxidant)
 MENTHOL (bad breath)
 NEEM (bleeding gums)
 SALT (anti bacterial)
 COAL (stain removal)
 MESWAK (toothbrush)
ORAL HYGIENE CARE

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GENERAL CARE:
 Toothpaste.
 Mouthwash.
 Dental Floss.
 Tongue scrapers.
 Dental picks & sticks.
 Oral irrigators.
 Teeth whiteners.

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 Don’t go to bed without brushing your teeth.
 Brush properly.
 Don’t neglect your tongue.
 Use a fluoride toothpaste.
 Flossing.
 Mouthwash.
 Drink more water.
 Reduce sugar and acidic foods.
 Visit dentist at least once a year.
HEALTHY HABITS:

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Conclusion:
By this I conclude that, oral hygiene is an important part of our life. We need to take
care as much as we can and try to use natural products as these are safe, reliable and
have lesser side effects.

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• Touyz, SW, Liew VP, Tseng P .Oral and dental complications in dieting disorders.
Int j Eat Disord. 1993 Nov : 14(3): 341-7.
• Ross and Wilson, Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition, 2014.
• https://www.healthline.com/health/dental-and-oral-health/best-practices-for-
healthy-teeth
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441161/#:~:text=Neem%20in%
20dental%20care%20industry&text=Neem%20bark%20and%20leaf%20extract,b
y%20people%20all%20over%20India.
• https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/features/natural-tooth-care
• https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jcim-2015-0103/html?lang=en
• https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/teeth-whitening
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5002340/
References..

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THANK YOU

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