Problems during coating and trouble shooting
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The document discusses various defects that can occur during the pharmaceutical tablet coating process, including picking and sticking, bridging, twinning, peeling, erosion, mottled color, and shade variation. It provides pictures and describes the nature and potential reasons for each defect, such as over wetting, under drying, improper atomization pressure, low pan RPM, tooling design issues, inadequate drying, uneven spray rates, and improper solution preparation. Common causes include coating solution application errors, tablet and core quality issues, process parameter control problems, and equipment design flaws.
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Processing problems in tablet manufacturing
This document discusses common processing problems that can occur during tablet manufacturing and their causes and remedies. Major problems discussed include capping, lamination, picking, sticking, mottling, chipping, and cracking. Capping is caused by air entrapment during compression and can be prevented by proper drying, sufficient binder, and removing fines. Lamination is caused by oily or waxy materials and too much lubricant, and can be addressed by modifying the mixing process and using minimal lubricant. Sticking occurs due to moisture, excess binder, or improper lubrication and drying. Remedies involve drying, lubrication, and modifying granulation.
Coating 2
This document discusses the process of tablet coating. It begins by explaining the various functions of tablet coating, including strengthening tablets, controlling drug release, and improving aesthetics. It then describes common coating methods like film coating and defines key terms. The document provides details on coating solutions, equipment, and the coating process. It also identifies important parameters that must be controlled and lists common coating defects and their causes. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of tablet coating basics and considerations.
tabletprocessingproblemsandtheirremedies-150209220608-conversion-gate01.pdf
tabletprocessingproblemsandtheirremedies-150209220608-conversion-gate01.pdfDr. Yuppie Rajasekhar Poonuru
This document discusses common tablet processing problems and their remedies. It begins by introducing tablets and defining defects related to machine, formulation, and tableting process factors. Specific defects covered include capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, double impression, and mottling. Potential causes and remedies are provided for each defect from both formulation and machine-related perspectives. Problems and remedies associated with tablet coating are also reviewed, such as blistering, cratering, picking and sticking, pitting, blooming, color variation, orange peel effect, bridging, and cracking or splitting. The document provides a comprehensive overview of tablet defects and potential solutions.Tablet processing problems and their remedies
There are number of problems associated with the processing of tablets; they are described here along with their remedies.
Tablet coating defetcs 1
Tablet coating involves covering tablets with mixtures like resins, gums, and sugars to improve properties like taste, stability, and effectiveness. Common coating defects include twinning where tablets stick together, cracking or roughness of the film, and variations in color. The document outlines several specific coating defects like orange peel, bridging, chipping, and lists possible causes like inefficient drying, high viscosity, or improper application and remedies like reducing spray rates or changing plasticizer.
Tablet processing problems and their remedies ronit ghosh
This Presentation Mainly Consists Of :--------- INTRODUCTION TO TABLETS ; ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ; TABLET DEFFECTS DURING PROCESSING TIME WITH REMIDIES ; TABLET PROBLEMS DURING COATING WITH REMEDIES
Tablet processing problems and their remedies - Ronit Ghosh
INTRODUCTION ; PROCESSING PROBLEM ; REMEDIES RELATED TO THE TYPE OF PROBLEMS OCCURED DURING TABLET PUNCHING .
Tablet processing problems and its remedies for poster presemntation
Tablet processing problems and its remedies for poster presemntationVishwanath Institute Of Pharmacy Ghazipur
This document summarizes common tablet processing problems including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, and double impression. For each problem, the document identifies potential formulation-related and machine-related causes and recommended remedies. It also discusses problems that can occur during tablet coating like blistering, cratering, picking and sticking, pitting, blooming, and color variation as well as their causes and remedies. The document provides a concise overview of common tablet defects and approaches to address them.Recommended
Processing problems in tablet manufacturing
This document discusses common processing problems that can occur during tablet manufacturing and their causes and remedies. Major problems discussed include capping, lamination, picking, sticking, mottling, chipping, and cracking. Capping is caused by air entrapment during compression and can be prevented by proper drying, sufficient binder, and removing fines. Lamination is caused by oily or waxy materials and too much lubricant, and can be addressed by modifying the mixing process and using minimal lubricant. Sticking occurs due to moisture, excess binder, or improper lubrication and drying. Remedies involve drying, lubrication, and modifying granulation.
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This document discusses the process of tablet coating. It begins by explaining the various functions of tablet coating, including strengthening tablets, controlling drug release, and improving aesthetics. It then describes common coating methods like film coating and defines key terms. The document provides details on coating solutions, equipment, and the coating process. It also identifies important parameters that must be controlled and lists common coating defects and their causes. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of tablet coating basics and considerations.
tabletprocessingproblemsandtheirremedies-150209220608-conversion-gate01.pdf
tabletprocessingproblemsandtheirremedies-150209220608-conversion-gate01.pdfDr. Yuppie Rajasekhar Poonuru
This document discusses common tablet processing problems and their remedies. It begins by introducing tablets and defining defects related to machine, formulation, and tableting process factors. Specific defects covered include capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, double impression, and mottling. Potential causes and remedies are provided for each defect from both formulation and machine-related perspectives. Problems and remedies associated with tablet coating are also reviewed, such as blistering, cratering, picking and sticking, pitting, blooming, color variation, orange peel effect, bridging, and cracking or splitting. The document provides a comprehensive overview of tablet defects and potential solutions.Tablet processing problems and their remedies
There are number of problems associated with the processing of tablets; they are described here along with their remedies.
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Tablet processing problems and their remedies ronit ghosh
This Presentation Mainly Consists Of :--------- INTRODUCTION TO TABLETS ; ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ; TABLET DEFFECTS DURING PROCESSING TIME WITH REMIDIES ; TABLET PROBLEMS DURING COATING WITH REMEDIES
Tablet processing problems and their remedies - Ronit Ghosh
INTRODUCTION ; PROCESSING PROBLEM ; REMEDIES RELATED TO THE TYPE OF PROBLEMS OCCURED DURING TABLET PUNCHING .
Tablet processing problems and its remedies for poster presemntation
Tablet processing problems and its remedies for poster presemntationVishwanath Institute Of Pharmacy Ghazipur
This document summarizes common tablet processing problems including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, and double impression. For each problem, the document identifies potential formulation-related and machine-related causes and recommended remedies. It also discusses problems that can occur during tablet coating like blistering, cratering, picking and sticking, pitting, blooming, and color variation as well as their causes and remedies. The document provides a concise overview of common tablet defects and approaches to address them.Defects or processing problems in tablet dosage form.
This document summarizes common defects that can occur during tablet processing and coating. It describes defects such as capping, lamination, picking and sticking that can happen during compression from factors like moisture content, tooling issues, and compression speed. Defects in film coating like roughness, orange peel effect, bridging and filling are also outlined along with causes and remedies. Various tablet tooling sizes and types are defined at the end.
Defects or processing problems in tablet dosage form.
This document summarizes common defects that can occur during tablet processing and coating. It describes defects such as capping, lamination, picking and sticking that can happen during compression from factors like moisture content, tooling issues, and compression speed. Defects in film coating like roughness, orange peel effect, bridging and filling are also outlined along with causes and remedies. Various tablet tooling sizes and types are defined at the end.
Pharmaceuticals technology ( tablets problem & remedy)
This document presents a summary of common tablet coating defects and their causes and remedies. It discusses 10 defects: 1) Twinning, 2) Cracking, 3) Blistering, 4) Chipping, 5) Orange peel effects, 6) Bridging, 7) Filling, 8) Blooming, 9) Cratering, and 10) Pitting. For each defect, it provides the definition, potential causes such as high coating viscosity or rapid drying, and recommended remedies like reducing the spray rate or adjusting the plasticizer concentration to minimize internal stresses and coating defects.
Tablet coating4
This document discusses various film defects that can occur during the tablet coating process, including sticking and picking, twinning, roughness, orange-peel effects, bridging and filling, blistering, color variation, cracking, hazing/dull film, chipping, peeling, and erosion. For each defect, the document explains the potential causes and recommends remedies to address the underlying issues, such as reducing the liquid application rate, increasing drying air temperature, thinning the coating solution, adjusting the pan speed, or reformulating the coating solution.
Tablet defects and its rectification
Tablet defects can come from any of the unit operations upstream and from the tablet press. The raw materials may be of poor quality or do not meet specifications, causing excessive fines that lead to a host of defects. The formulation may be the source of defects if the material does not compress well or the processing step specified within the formulation fail to produce a powder with a good flow, compressibility, and ejection properties. The processing and granulation of powder are often the sources of the defect.
Every product behaves differently on a tablet press, even if it‘s the same product run on a different day. The variation often
stems from changes in the properties of the raw materials—active ingredients and excipients- from batch to batch. Naturally,
the goal is to minimize these changes. Tablet press operators, however, don‘t have any control over formulation and
granulation. Tablet specifications are tight, and the list of possible defects is long: Variable weight, sticking, picking, capping, lamination, variable hardness, among others. This article focuses on these variations. It pinpoints the possible causes of these defects and offers advice on preventing and fixing the source of the problems.
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The document discusses tablet coating defects and remedies. It begins by introducing tablet coating as the final step in tablet production where a coating is applied to provide benefits like masking taste or protecting the tablet. It then lists and describes 18 common coating defects like blistering, blooming, chipping and provides the likely causes and remedies for each. The defects cover issues with the coating appearance, adhesion, and protection. The document aims to help formulation scientists identify and address coating problems to successfully complete tablet production.
Processing problems in tablet manufacturing
This document discusses common processing problems that can occur during tablet manufacturing and their causes and remedies. Major problems discussed include capping, lamination, picking, sticking, mottling, chipping, and cracking. Capping is caused by air entrapment during compression and can be remedied by proper drying, sufficient binder, and removing fines. Lamination is caused by oily or waxy materials and too much lubricant, and can be addressed by modifying mixing and using minimal lubricant. Sticking occurs due to moisture, excessive binder, or improper lubrication and drying.
Processing of tablets
Tablets are the most commonly used oral solid dosage form due to their ease of production, stability, and precise dosing. The document defines tablets and lists their advantages and disadvantages. It describes the key ingredients used in tablets, various tablet production processes like direct compression, wet granulation, and coating. Common tablet defects and evaluation tests are also discussed. The processing, formulation, and manufacturing of tablets allows for flexible drug delivery and reproducible dosing of medications.
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The document discusses tablet coating basics. Tablet coating involves applying a film to tablets to strengthen them, control drug release, improve taste or appearance. Film coating uses a mixture of solids and liquids applied in a pan coating machine using spray guns. It is important to apply the coating solution slowly and evenly to build up layers. Water-based coatings are now more common than solvent-based coatings. Proper control of temperature, spray rate, and tablet motion are needed to avoid coating defects like picking, sticking, or erosion.
defect of tablets.pptx
A tablet can be imperfect in a number of ways and these defects and imperfections can either be found on the surface or in the interior layers of the product due to the formulation problems. In this tablet defect overview, we are focusing on the most common visible defects that can be discovered during the quality control, because an imperfect appearance of a single tablet in a package can raise serious doubts about integrity and quality of the product. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies continuously try to increase their efforts to assure high-quality of their products. Visual quality control can be done by various statistical schemes or by 100% visual inspection and sorting, either manual or automated. Due to the fact that statistical sampling schemes, that estimate the overall quality of a given batch of tablets at a certain confidence level, cannot assure the required quality of each tablet, they are being replaced by 100% visual inspection and sorting. Since manual visual inspection of large tablet batches is subjective, unreliable, slow, tedious and costly, automated visual tablet inspection systems are more and more commonly used.
Defects in tablet coating
This document discusses common film defects that can occur during the tablet coating process. It describes 14 different defects - blistering, blooming, blushing, bridging, capping, chipping, cracking, mottling, orange peel effect, picking, pitting, sticking, twinning - and provides the causes and remedies for each one. The defects result from issues like high temperatures during drying, improper formulation, inadequate spreading of coating solution, or excess moisture in granules. Suggested remedies include using milder drying conditions, reducing viscosity or plasticizer content, controlling drying temperature, and improving lubrication.
Tablet coating defects and their remedies
The document discusses common defects that can occur during the tablet coating process and their potential causes and remedies. It describes defects such as blistering from overheating, chipping from high attrition, cratering from excessive coating solution, and pitting from excess core heating. Solutions include modifying drying conditions, adjusting coating formulations, and optimizing machine operating parameters. An understanding of tablet formulations and coating processes is necessary to identify and address coating defects.
tablet defects
Tablet coating provides benefits like masking taste, protecting drugs from the environment, and modifying drug release. Sugar coating is a multistep process using sucrose to coat tablets. Defects in coating like chipping, sticking, cracking and color variation can occur due to factors like coating solution properties, processing parameters, and moisture. Proper control of these factors is needed to produce quality coated tablets.
BIOGRUND - Film Coating - Troubleshooting Guide
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Tablet by partap
Tablets are solid oral dosage forms containing drug substances with or without diluents. Tablets offer accurate dosing and are easy for patients to take. They are formulated through various processes like direct compression, dry granulation, or wet granulation using excipients like diluents, binders, lubricants, and disintegrants. Tablets are manufactured using tablet presses which compress granules into tablets through filling, compression, and ejection stages. Finished tablets are evaluated for properties like hardness, friability, thickness, and dissolution.
tablet defect causes.pptx
This document discusses common tablet defects including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, mottling, double impression, and edging/collaring. For each defect, the causes and remedies are provided. The main causes are related to formulation issues like moisture content, binder/lubricant amount, granule size/properties. The remedies involve modifying the formulation, drying process, compression settings and using proper tooling/punches.
Coating technology in pharmaceuticals
Tablet coating is done to improve the quality, taste, and performance of tablets. The basic principle is applying a coating to tablets in a rotating bed with heated air to evaporate solvent. Objectives include protecting ingredients from environment, masking unpleasant tastes, making tablets easier to swallow, and adding functional properties like controlled release. Common coating types are film, sugar, enteric, controlled release, and specialized coatings. Process parameters must be optimized to produce an even, intact coating and avoid defects.
Tablet coating defects
This document discusses common defects that can occur during the tablet coating process, including sticking and picking caused by overwetting, roughness from rapid drying of spray droplets, and orange peel effects from inadequate spreading of the coating solution. Other defects covered are bridging around tablet edges, filling of indentations, blistering from too rapid drying, hazing or dullness from high processing temperatures, color variation from improper mixing or ingredient migration, and cracking from internal stresses exceeding the film's tensile strength. Remedies for each defect aim to optimize the coating formulation, application process, or drying conditions.
Defets of tablets and its trouble shooting
This document discusses various defects that can occur during the tableting process and their causes and remedies. It covers defects related to tableting, excipients, multiple factors, and the machine. Defects include capping, laminating, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, mottling, and double impressions. Causes can be related to formulation factors like moisture content, binder level, granule size, or machine factors like die and punch condition. Remedies involve modifying the formulation through changes to processing or composition, or adjusting machine settings and maintenance. The document provides detailed tables outlining specific causes and recommended remedies for different common defects.
Tablet Coating Musts
The ability to coat tablets well is often considered more of an art than a science. Traditional coating uses a sugar solution that is applied one layer at a time through a process called the three D’s; dose, distribute, and dry. Once at the proper temperature the tumbling cores are exposed to an initial dose of solution which is added by the use of a (soup) ladle, pumped, or a controlled spray nozzle. The solution is added in steps and after each addition the cores are continually tumbled to distribute the solution evenly while forced air is blown over the surface of the bed of cores to facilitate the drying process. This process of dose, distribute, and dry is done layer by layer until the required 50-100% weight gain achieves the desired buildup and appearance. Many companies made their own proprietary solution that was kept a closely guarded secret. The art was knowing when the cores were ready for the next layer. If solution was added too soon the cores would stick to each other pulling the coating off other cores. If the previous coating layer was over-dried then the next layer wouldn’t adhere properly creating blemishes and rough surfaces, resulting in a defective coating. In the old days coating a tablet was an art, having a lot of touch and feel. Today coatings are demanding because they must do more than a sugar coat and taste mask. Nowadays most tablets are coated with a thin film, referred to as film coating. A typical film is either just a thin clear coating or a more controlled build up of color coating, most commonly a 3% build up of total tablet weight.
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This document summarizes common defects that can occur during tablet processing and coating. It describes defects such as capping, lamination, picking and sticking that can happen during compression from factors like moisture content, tooling issues, and compression speed. Defects in film coating like roughness, orange peel effect, bridging and filling are also outlined along with causes and remedies. Various tablet tooling sizes and types are defined at the end.
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This document summarizes common defects that can occur during tablet processing and coating. It describes defects such as capping, lamination, picking and sticking that can happen during compression from factors like moisture content, tooling issues, and compression speed. Defects in film coating like roughness, orange peel effect, bridging and filling are also outlined along with causes and remedies. Various tablet tooling sizes and types are defined at the end.
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This document presents a summary of common tablet coating defects and their causes and remedies. It discusses 10 defects: 1) Twinning, 2) Cracking, 3) Blistering, 4) Chipping, 5) Orange peel effects, 6) Bridging, 7) Filling, 8) Blooming, 9) Cratering, and 10) Pitting. For each defect, it provides the definition, potential causes such as high coating viscosity or rapid drying, and recommended remedies like reducing the spray rate or adjusting the plasticizer concentration to minimize internal stresses and coating defects.
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This document discusses various film defects that can occur during the tablet coating process, including sticking and picking, twinning, roughness, orange-peel effects, bridging and filling, blistering, color variation, cracking, hazing/dull film, chipping, peeling, and erosion. For each defect, the document explains the potential causes and recommends remedies to address the underlying issues, such as reducing the liquid application rate, increasing drying air temperature, thinning the coating solution, adjusting the pan speed, or reformulating the coating solution.
Tablet defects and its rectification
Tablet defects can come from any of the unit operations upstream and from the tablet press. The raw materials may be of poor quality or do not meet specifications, causing excessive fines that lead to a host of defects. The formulation may be the source of defects if the material does not compress well or the processing step specified within the formulation fail to produce a powder with a good flow, compressibility, and ejection properties. The processing and granulation of powder are often the sources of the defect.
Every product behaves differently on a tablet press, even if it‘s the same product run on a different day. The variation often
stems from changes in the properties of the raw materials—active ingredients and excipients- from batch to batch. Naturally,
the goal is to minimize these changes. Tablet press operators, however, don‘t have any control over formulation and
granulation. Tablet specifications are tight, and the list of possible defects is long: Variable weight, sticking, picking, capping, lamination, variable hardness, among others. This article focuses on these variations. It pinpoints the possible causes of these defects and offers advice on preventing and fixing the source of the problems.
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The document discusses tablet coating defects and remedies. It begins by introducing tablet coating as the final step in tablet production where a coating is applied to provide benefits like masking taste or protecting the tablet. It then lists and describes 18 common coating defects like blistering, blooming, chipping and provides the likely causes and remedies for each. The defects cover issues with the coating appearance, adhesion, and protection. The document aims to help formulation scientists identify and address coating problems to successfully complete tablet production.
Processing problems in tablet manufacturing
This document discusses common processing problems that can occur during tablet manufacturing and their causes and remedies. Major problems discussed include capping, lamination, picking, sticking, mottling, chipping, and cracking. Capping is caused by air entrapment during compression and can be remedied by proper drying, sufficient binder, and removing fines. Lamination is caused by oily or waxy materials and too much lubricant, and can be addressed by modifying mixing and using minimal lubricant. Sticking occurs due to moisture, excessive binder, or improper lubrication and drying.
Processing of tablets
Tablets are the most commonly used oral solid dosage form due to their ease of production, stability, and precise dosing. The document defines tablets and lists their advantages and disadvantages. It describes the key ingredients used in tablets, various tablet production processes like direct compression, wet granulation, and coating. Common tablet defects and evaluation tests are also discussed. The processing, formulation, and manufacturing of tablets allows for flexible drug delivery and reproducible dosing of medications.
Coating 2
The document discusses tablet coating basics. Tablet coating involves applying a film to tablets to strengthen them, control drug release, improve taste or appearance. Film coating uses a mixture of solids and liquids applied in a pan coating machine using spray guns. It is important to apply the coating solution slowly and evenly to build up layers. Water-based coatings are now more common than solvent-based coatings. Proper control of temperature, spray rate, and tablet motion are needed to avoid coating defects like picking, sticking, or erosion.
defect of tablets.pptx
A tablet can be imperfect in a number of ways and these defects and imperfections can either be found on the surface or in the interior layers of the product due to the formulation problems. In this tablet defect overview, we are focusing on the most common visible defects that can be discovered during the quality control, because an imperfect appearance of a single tablet in a package can raise serious doubts about integrity and quality of the product. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies continuously try to increase their efforts to assure high-quality of their products. Visual quality control can be done by various statistical schemes or by 100% visual inspection and sorting, either manual or automated. Due to the fact that statistical sampling schemes, that estimate the overall quality of a given batch of tablets at a certain confidence level, cannot assure the required quality of each tablet, they are being replaced by 100% visual inspection and sorting. Since manual visual inspection of large tablet batches is subjective, unreliable, slow, tedious and costly, automated visual tablet inspection systems are more and more commonly used.
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This document discusses common film defects that can occur during the tablet coating process. It describes 14 different defects - blistering, blooming, blushing, bridging, capping, chipping, cracking, mottling, orange peel effect, picking, pitting, sticking, twinning - and provides the causes and remedies for each one. The defects result from issues like high temperatures during drying, improper formulation, inadequate spreading of coating solution, or excess moisture in granules. Suggested remedies include using milder drying conditions, reducing viscosity or plasticizer content, controlling drying temperature, and improving lubrication.
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The document discusses common defects that can occur during the tablet coating process and their potential causes and remedies. It describes defects such as blistering from overheating, chipping from high attrition, cratering from excessive coating solution, and pitting from excess core heating. Solutions include modifying drying conditions, adjusting coating formulations, and optimizing machine operating parameters. An understanding of tablet formulations and coating processes is necessary to identify and address coating defects.
tablet defects
Tablet coating provides benefits like masking taste, protecting drugs from the environment, and modifying drug release. Sugar coating is a multistep process using sucrose to coat tablets. Defects in coating like chipping, sticking, cracking and color variation can occur due to factors like coating solution properties, processing parameters, and moisture. Proper control of these factors is needed to produce quality coated tablets.
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Tablets are solid oral dosage forms containing drug substances with or without diluents. Tablets offer accurate dosing and are easy for patients to take. They are formulated through various processes like direct compression, dry granulation, or wet granulation using excipients like diluents, binders, lubricants, and disintegrants. Tablets are manufactured using tablet presses which compress granules into tablets through filling, compression, and ejection stages. Finished tablets are evaluated for properties like hardness, friability, thickness, and dissolution.
tablet defect causes.pptx
This document discusses common tablet defects including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, mottling, double impression, and edging/collaring. For each defect, the causes and remedies are provided. The main causes are related to formulation issues like moisture content, binder/lubricant amount, granule size/properties. The remedies involve modifying the formulation, drying process, compression settings and using proper tooling/punches.
Coating technology in pharmaceuticals
Tablet coating is done to improve the quality, taste, and performance of tablets. The basic principle is applying a coating to tablets in a rotating bed with heated air to evaporate solvent. Objectives include protecting ingredients from environment, masking unpleasant tastes, making tablets easier to swallow, and adding functional properties like controlled release. Common coating types are film, sugar, enteric, controlled release, and specialized coatings. Process parameters must be optimized to produce an even, intact coating and avoid defects.
Tablet coating defects
This document discusses common defects that can occur during the tablet coating process, including sticking and picking caused by overwetting, roughness from rapid drying of spray droplets, and orange peel effects from inadequate spreading of the coating solution. Other defects covered are bridging around tablet edges, filling of indentations, blistering from too rapid drying, hazing or dullness from high processing temperatures, color variation from improper mixing or ingredient migration, and cracking from internal stresses exceeding the film's tensile strength. Remedies for each defect aim to optimize the coating formulation, application process, or drying conditions.
Defets of tablets and its trouble shooting
This document discusses various defects that can occur during the tableting process and their causes and remedies. It covers defects related to tableting, excipients, multiple factors, and the machine. Defects include capping, laminating, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, mottling, and double impressions. Causes can be related to formulation factors like moisture content, binder level, granule size, or machine factors like die and punch condition. Remedies involve modifying the formulation through changes to processing or composition, or adjusting machine settings and maintenance. The document provides detailed tables outlining specific causes and recommended remedies for different common defects.
Tablet Coating Musts
The ability to coat tablets well is often considered more of an art than a science. Traditional coating uses a sugar solution that is applied one layer at a time through a process called the three D’s; dose, distribute, and dry. Once at the proper temperature the tumbling cores are exposed to an initial dose of solution which is added by the use of a (soup) ladle, pumped, or a controlled spray nozzle. The solution is added in steps and after each addition the cores are continually tumbled to distribute the solution evenly while forced air is blown over the surface of the bed of cores to facilitate the drying process. This process of dose, distribute, and dry is done layer by layer until the required 50-100% weight gain achieves the desired buildup and appearance. Many companies made their own proprietary solution that was kept a closely guarded secret. The art was knowing when the cores were ready for the next layer. If solution was added too soon the cores would stick to each other pulling the coating off other cores. If the previous coating layer was over-dried then the next layer wouldn’t adhere properly creating blemishes and rough surfaces, resulting in a defective coating. In the old days coating a tablet was an art, having a lot of touch and feel. Today coatings are demanding because they must do more than a sugar coat and taste mask. Nowadays most tablets are coated with a thin film, referred to as film coating. A typical film is either just a thin clear coating or a more controlled build up of color coating, most commonly a 3% build up of total tablet weight.
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meetingbordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
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bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
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