This document discusses several theories of child development: - Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory examines child development within complex relationships across micro, meso, exo, and macro levels of environment. - Vygotsky's theories include the zone of proximal development, private speech, scaffolding, and the sociocultural perspective on learning through interactions. - The document provides brief biographies of Bronfenbrenner and Vygotsky and summarizes their major theories and concepts.

2. Vygotsky’slearning theoriesRayson’s area of research (Problem analysis)

3. Bronfenbrenner http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/sept05/bronfenbrenner.ssl.html

4. Bronfenbrenner A brief history: Born to Russian Jews Completed a double major at Cornell University Profession: Professor http://www.blcc.cornell.edu/about_mission.html

6. Mesosytem

7. Exosystem

8. Macrosystem(http://www.gulfbend.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=7930&cn=28)

12. http://www.aifs.gov.au/growingup/pubs/reports/krq2009/images/fig2.gif Changes at any of these level can influence cognitive development.

13. Vygotsky http://www.cafepedagogique.org/images_top/vygotski.jpg

14. Vygotsky Brief history: Born into non-religious Jewish family Admitted to Moscow State University Studied law Profession: Researcher http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesmz/p/vygotsky.htm

15. Main themes Zone of proximal development Private Speech Scaffolding Sociocultural Perspective

17. http://withfriendship.com/images/e/24019/Zone-of-proximal-development-wallpaper.jpg

19. Following Vygotsky’s lead, the child’s zone of proximal development in between these two

21. Private Speech Mechanism that turn shared knowledge into personal knowledge Young children frequently talk to themselves. Verbalization are internalized as inner speech. Guides thinking and action. Exhibition of private speech even at adult level.

22. Scaffolding Assistance rendered to children to complete tasks that they cannot independently accomplish Plays an important role in helping child advance through zone of proximal development Research shows young children (4-8) with scaffolding from Mother perform better.

23. Sociocultural Perspective Child’s culture and peer group have an impact on the development of the child. He also believes that a child masters task that are deemed to be culturally important primarily through interacting with others. Culture: Language, Shared beliefs, Interaction with people