80% of the world’s population is denied access to morphine – while 20% consume almost all of it.
It is hard to think of a greater injustice that has largely arisen from the misunderstanding and fear of international drug policy
This is why IDHDP launched its campaign “Striving for equity in the treatment of pain.”
An introductory guide to methadone as a treatment for opiate dependence. Developed by a substance misuse practitioner and registered nurse working with a community drug team.
Hendricks, the use and abuse of prescription drug nfjca v3 n1 2014William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. LaVelle Henricks, Texas A&M University-Commerce and colleagues published in national refereed journal.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System.
80% of the world’s population is denied access to morphine – while 20% consume almost all of it.
It is hard to think of a greater injustice that has largely arisen from the misunderstanding and fear of international drug policy
This is why IDHDP launched its campaign “Striving for equity in the treatment of pain.”
An introductory guide to methadone as a treatment for opiate dependence. Developed by a substance misuse practitioner and registered nurse working with a community drug team.
Hendricks, the use and abuse of prescription drug nfjca v3 n1 2014William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. LaVelle Henricks, Texas A&M University-Commerce and colleagues published in national refereed journal.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System.
Opioid overdose has emerged as one of the leading causes of preventable death in the United States. Paramedics and emergency department staff know that naloxone is the best treatment for opioid overdose and have been using this antidote for over 40 years. In the past few years, programs distributing naloxone are being implemented by EMT-Basics, firefighters, law enforcement first responders and members of the community. Dr. Dailey served as the medical director for a New York State pilot project for the implementation of BLS naloxone, has trained law enforcement providers in several states and routinely prescribes naloxone to members of the community.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Getting treatment for an opioid use disorder will hopefully in turn reduce the number of overdoses and deaths related to opioid use.
Despite increased public awareness about the dangers of opioids, the epidemic continues in the US. What can we do to counter this deadly trend?
The numbers are striking.
Antonio Boone of the Office of HIV Planning reviewed major points from the Mayor's Task Force to Combat the Opioid Epidemic in Philadelphia at the June 12, 2017 Positive Committee meeting.
Dr. Tom Frieden, Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, keynote presentation at the National Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit on March 30, 2016.
Opioid overdose has emerged as one of the leading causes of preventable death in the United States. Paramedics and emergency department staff know that naloxone is the best treatment for opioid overdose and have been using this antidote for over 40 years. In the past few years, programs distributing naloxone are being implemented by EMT-Basics, firefighters, law enforcement first responders and members of the community. Dr. Dailey served as the medical director for a New York State pilot project for the implementation of BLS naloxone, has trained law enforcement providers in several states and routinely prescribes naloxone to members of the community.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Getting treatment for an opioid use disorder will hopefully in turn reduce the number of overdoses and deaths related to opioid use.
Despite increased public awareness about the dangers of opioids, the epidemic continues in the US. What can we do to counter this deadly trend?
The numbers are striking.
Antonio Boone of the Office of HIV Planning reviewed major points from the Mayor's Task Force to Combat the Opioid Epidemic in Philadelphia at the June 12, 2017 Positive Committee meeting.
Dr. Tom Frieden, Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, keynote presentation at the National Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit on March 30, 2016.
Newristics is the first company to provide market research & message optimization services based on behavioral science & artificial intelligence. Our AI models are trained on more than 660 known heuristics.
understanding-Opioid-Crisis-using-decision-heuristics-science.pdfNewristics USA
This paper explores the Opioid Epidemic in an entirely new light. It puts the spotlight on a string of human decisions that triggered major market-shaping events that ultimately led to the Opioid Crisis in America.
The purpose of the Idaho’s Response to the Opioid Crisis (IROC) sub-grant is to promote the national best practice of connecting individuals seeking recovery from addiction with Recovery Coaches who assist them during the beginning stages of recovery and throughout their journey.
#IROC #HopeandRecovery #RecoveryIdaho
As presented at The Royal by:
- Dr. Melanie Willows, Clinical Director, SUCD Program, The Royal
- Dr. Kim Corace, Director, Program Development and Research, SUCD Program, The Royal
Opioid addiction is a large and growing problem affecting our community, especially our young people, women and their families. This session addressed:
· The current state of prescription opioid problems
· Opioid use, abuse, and addiction as it relates to women and parenting
· Risk factors for opioid use about women, with a focus on mental health problems
· Treatment options to help women who struggle with opioid problems
· Reducing the stigma and myths regarding women with opioid use problems
Part of the "Fourth Annual Health Law Year in P/Review" held at Harvard Law School on January 29, 2016.
This symposium featured leading experts discussing major developments during 2015 and what to watch out for in 2016. The discussion covered hot topics in such areas as health insurance, health care systems, public health, innovation, and other issues facing clinicians and patients.
This year's Health Law Year in P/Review was sponsored by the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, the New England Journal of Medicine, Health Affairs, the Hastings Center, Harvard Health Publications at Harvard Medical School, and the Center for Bioethics at Harvard Medical School, with support from the Oswald DeN. Cammann Fund at Harvard University.
Visit our website for more information: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/fourth-annual-health-law-year-in-p-review.
WHO CC for Training and Policy on Access to Pain Relief, India
Side Event - International Doctors for Healthier Drug Policies
Commission on Narcotics Drugs, UN, Vienna
Drug Treatment Systems in Russian Hospitals and Prisons: Inefficient and lack...IDHDP
Drug Treatment Systems in Russian Hospitals and Prisons: Inefficient and lacking in evidence
Prof. Vladimir Mendelevich, MD, PhD
Kazan State Medical University
Russian Federation
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Preventing most overdose deaths would be easy So, why don’t we?
1. INTERNATIONAL DOCTORS FOR HEALTHIER DRUG POLICIES
Preventing most overdose deaths
would be easy
So, why don’t we?
Dr Chris Ford, Clinical Director
IDHDP
ISAM Conference Dundee
Physicians globally unite for health based drug policy
2. Reducing overdose drug related deaths: A
major challenge for Public Health
• Over 250,000 lives were lost to drug overdoses in
world (2010)
– This represents 2 million years of life lost
• 6,100 overdose deaths in Europe in 2012, 70,000 in
first decade
– 3.5% of all deaths in males under 40 in Europe
– England & Scotland highest since records began
• 41,340 deaths in overdose deaths in US
Preventing opioid overdoses in Europe EMCDDA, Lisbon,
October 2012 (revised 2014)
4. Reducing drug related deaths
• What increases the risk of fatal and non-fatal
overdoses?
• What can be done to reduce these?
5. 1. Individual factors that increase the risk
of fatal and non-fatal overdose
• Type of substance used, heroin most
• Route of administration
• Health of the person
• Poly-drug use increases risk
– Particularly heroin + benzodiazepines,
antidepressants, alcohol
– non-medical use of prescribed substitution
medications and opioid analgesics
Giraudon et al., 2013
6. 2. Environmental factors that increase risk
of drug overdose deaths
• Disruption or
discontinuation of
treatment
• After detoxification in
rehab or particularly
prison
• Inadequate through-
care between prison
and community
Zlodre and Fazel, 2012
7.
8.
9. 3. Lack of response or inadequate
interventions by those witnessing
overdoses
• Poor first aid knowledge
• Inadequate access to naloxone
• Fear of legal repercussions
10. What we can do to reduce overdoses
1. Interventions geared towards preventing of
overdoses
2. Reducing fatal outcomes when overdoses do
occur
Frisher et al., 2012
11. 1. Interventions geared towards
preventing of overdoses
• Increase awareness of overdose risks to the
general public particularly people who use
drugs, their family and friends
• The provision of good effective drug
treatment and therefore retention in
treatment
• Improve through-care between prison and the
community
12. 2. Reducing fatal outcomes when
overdoses do occur
a. Supervised drug consumption rooms
"Research to prove that injecting inside drug
consumption rooms is safer than injecting
elsewhere, is like needing to prove that jumping
from a plane with a parachute is safer than
jumping without one.”
Joan Colom I Faran in Viral Hepatitis in Europe, 2014
13. b. Improved bystander response
• Training for all
• Increase access to
naloxone
• Involve ambulance
and police
14. Improved bystander response
“People likely to witness an
opioid overdose should have
access to naloxone and be
instructed in its
administration to enable
them to use it for the
emergency management of
suspected opioid overdose.”
Community management of opioid
overdose
World Health Organization 2014
15. Improved bystander response
Most heroin users
witness/experience an
overdose at some point:
From a sample of 155 drug
using clients:
– 46% had overdosed
themselves
– 82% had witnessed an
overdose
– 43 of which were fatal
46%
82%
43
Best D., Man LH., Gossop M., Noble A., Strang J., 2000
16. Part of the solution
“…naloxone is part of a comprehensive approach
to services for drug users and can reverse the
effects of opioids and prevent mortality.”
UN Resolution 55/7: Promoting measures
to prevent drug overdose, 2014
17. Countries which have Naloxone
Counries with naloxone
Counries without
naloxone
No data
20. INTERNATIONAL DOCTORS FOR HEALTHIER DRUG POLICIES
Overdose deaths can be reduced
The science is easy
It’s the policies that need changing
Physicians globally unite for health based drug policy
21. Opportunity for doctors:
April 2016 will see the next UN General Assembly Special
Session (“UNGASS”) where future drug policy will be debated.
Until then physicians can make themselves heard and ensure
health is pushed up the drug policy agenda.
What can you do………….?
INTERNATIONAL DOCTORS FOR HEALTHIER DRUG POLICIES
Physicians globally unite for health based drug policy
22. By joining IDHDP you will be adding your voice to a growing
number of physicians calling for health based drug policies.
Join at www.idhdp.com
It’s free - it’s easy and by joining you will receive our very
informative newsletter
Twitter @idhdp
INTERNATIONAL DOCTORS FOR HEALTHIER DRUG POLICIES
Physicians globally unite for health based drug policy
23. INTERNATIONAL DOCTORS FOR HEALTHIER DRUG POLICIES
Physicians globally unite for health based drug policy
Thank you
Dr Chris Ford
chris.ford@idhdp.com
www.idhdp.com
@IDHDP
Editor's Notes
1
Rise in deaths
UK = 5th highest rate in EU of deaths/million population. Mortality due to drug-induced deaths in EU, Croatia, Turkey and Norway (European Monitoring committee for Drugs and Drug Addiction 2013)
Asia – poor data
Austrlia high
South Americaa – low but low opiods
Large part of deaths are opioid deaths: Most overdose deaths are linked to the use of opioids, primarily the injection of heroin
27 million users of opioids worldwide (0.6% world pop)
1.3 million users of opioids in Europe
Siobhan’s story
Type of substance used
Route of administration
Health of the person – older sicker – in Europe and England many deaths in over 40
all have an impact on the risk of overdose
Most overdose deaths are linked to opioid use, mainly heroin
Polydrug use increases risk, particularly heroin +
Benzodiazepines, Antidepressants, alcohol
non-medical use of prescribed substitution medications and opioid analgesics
Giraudon et al., 2013
Treatment is protective but only when in
Reduced tolerance and result they are at particularly high risk of overdosing.
Inadequate through-care between prison and community is important environmental risk factor
Farrell and Marsden’s study of
more than 48,000 prison releases found that injecting
drug users were eight times more likely to die in the
two weeks that followed release from prison than at any
other time in their lives; 87% of these deaths involved
opiate drugs.
Fear of legal repercussions, increases the risk of an overdose event having a fatal outcome
Several interventions are recommended to help reduce the high numbers of overdose deaths among former prisoners in the period shortly after leaving prison (Merrall et al., 2010; Binswanger et al., 2013). (Merrall et al., 2010; Binswanger et al., 2013). These include pre-release education on overdose risks and prevention, continuation and initiation of substitution treatment and improved referral to aftercare and community treatment services (WHO, 2010). A randomised trial (N-ALIVE trial) is under way to test the hypothesis that giving naloxone on release to prisoners with a history of heroin injecting will reduce heroin overdose deaths in this population during the most risky period — the first 12 weeks after release (Strang et al., 2013).
Increasing awareness of and information about overdose risks to PUDs
Training in all settings
Screening for overdose risk by those treating heroin users may contribute to reductions in overall mortality (Darke et al., 2011)
overdose risk assessment interventions can assist the early identification of high-risk individuals
Provision of effective drug treatment and retention in treatment
Opioid substitution treatment (OST) substantially reduces the risk of mortality, as long as doses are sufficient and continuity of treatment is maintained (e.g. Degenhardt et al., 2011)
A prospective observational cohort study conducted in Edinburgh recently confirmed that survival is increased by cumulative exposure to treatment (Kimber et al., 2010
Retention in drug treatment is a protective factor against overdose deaths, increasing access to and coverage of treatment services should be a priority
implementation of good treatment practice, which involves the use of clinical guidelines and training doctors in prescribing practices (including benzodiazepine prescribing).
Improving throughcare between prison and community
pre-release education on overdose risks and prevention
continuation and initiation of substitution treatment
improved referral to aftercare and community treatment services (WHO, 2010)
giving naloxone on release to prisoners with a history of heroin injecting, especially in the first 12 weeks after release (Bird and Strang et al., 2014)
Paper this month in Addiction: Following the introduction of a prison-based opioid substitution therapy (OST) policy in Scotland, the rate of drug-related deaths in the 12 weeks following release fell by two-fifths. However, the proportion of deaths that occurred in the first 14 days did not change appreciably, suggesting that in-prison OST does not reduce early deaths after release.
Indefinite maintenance on drugs like methadone is the only approach that has been proven to reduce the risk of overdose death by 75%
Reach marginalised high-risk drug users and connect to wider care
Reduce acute risks of diseases and overdose death associated with injecting or inhalative drug use, and to reduce public drug use (EMCDDA, 2015)
Provide a safer drug use environment, advice on safer injecting and medical supervision, and are equipped to manage drug overdoses
Reduce related morbidity and mortality
Reduction in overdose mortality at population level in the local area e.g. Vancouver (Marshall et al., 2011)
(EMCDDA Perspectives on Drugs, 2015)
a. a.
Drug Consumption Rooms
In 2014 there are now 88 drug consumption rooms (DCRs) operating worldwide. DCRs form a vital part of harm reduction services in some parts of Western Europe, allowing people who use drugs to inject in a safe space and under medical supervision. Outside of Europe two DCRs are in operation, one in Australia and one in Canada.
In Western Europe, Denmark saw the implementation of five DCRs, and both Spain and Switzerland, who had previous DCRs in operation increased their site provision by six each. Between 2012-2014 a DCR was also opened in Greece but closed due to political pressures, and a reduction of DCRs has been seen in Germany with a decrease of 3 between 2012 to 2014, and the Netherlands, which saw a decrease of 10 in the same time period.
Supervised drug consumption rooms
A total of 74 facilities for supervised drug consumption operate across five Member States and Norway, serving specific subgroups of highly marginalised and homeless drug users. Supervised drug consumption facilities aim to reach marginalised high-risk drug users and connect them to the wider network of care, to reduce acute risks of diseases and overdose death associated with injecting or inhalative drug use, and to reduce public drug use (EMCDDA, 2015). Consumption rooms are highly targeted services, usually integrated within facilities that offer a broad range
of other health and social services. They provide a safer drug use environment, advice on safer injecting and medical supervision, and are equipped to manage drug overdoses and reduce related morbidity and mortality. Millions of injections have been supervised and no overdose fatalities have occurred in the facilities. Evidence from robust studies document increased access to health and social services among clients of supervised drug consumption facilities as well as decreased public drug use and associated nuisance. A reduction in overdose mortality at population level was documented in the local area in the city of Vancouver, where a supervised injecting facility operates (Marshall et al., 2011). See also, Drug consumption rooms (EMCDDA Perspectives on Drugs, 2015).
Fear of legal repercussions, increases the risk of an overdose event having a fatal outcome
. These human networks, with appropriate training and awareness raising, can be utilised to prevent overdose deaths. Interventions that aim to improve bystander responses consist of training peers and family members of drug users in overdose prevention, recognition and response. In their new guidelines on community management of opioid overdose, the Word Health Organization recommends that people likely to witness an opioid overdose should have access to naloxone
— an effective antidote that can reverse opioid intoxication — and should be instructed in its administration (WHO, 2014).
Evidence shows that educational and training interventions for peers and family members, complemented by take-home naloxone, help decrease overdose-related mortality (EMCDDA, 2015). In October 2014, the EMCDDA brought together naloxone projects for a Europe-wide exchange of knowledge and experience.
The sample of drug using clients was from a study in South London in 2000
Most overdoses occur when others are present and most injecting drug users have witnessed or experienced overdoses. Therefore, drug users themselves, or their friends and family, are likely to be both bystanders and potential first responders in emergency overdose situations (Strang et al., 2008).
. These human networks, with appropriate training and awareness raising, can be utilised to prevent overdose deaths. Interventions that aim to improve bystander responses consist of training peers and family members of drug users in overdose prevention, recognition and response. In their new guidelines on community management of opioid overdose, the Word Health Organization recommends that people likely to witness an opioid overdose should have access to naloxone
— an effective antidote that can reverse opioid intoxication — and should be instructed in its administration (WHO, 2014).
Evidence shows that educational and training interventions for peers and family members, complemented by take-home naloxone, help decrease overdose-related mortality (EMCDDA, 2015). In October 2014, the EMCDDA brought together naloxone projects for a Europe-wide exchange of knowledge and experience.
This is my biggest problem with all the efforts to promote naloxone - couldn't we do more to stop people overdosing in the first place?! It's like suggesting that rather than prescribe aspirin to prevent heart attacks we shouldn't bother and we should put defibs on every corner instead. (Might use that line somewhere.) Grrrrrr.
IDHDP survey results found in 21 countries
Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania, United Kingdom, Afghanistan, Australia, Canada, China, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, Ukraine and Vietnam report the existence of naloxone programmes
The measure is regarded as a low-cost approach that can empower healthcare workers and people who use drugs to save lives
Why not more available -stigma?
Deaths from anaphylaxis/allergy:
