Opioid overdose has emerged as one of the leading causes of preventable death in the United States. Paramedics and emergency department staff know that naloxone is the best treatment for opioid overdose and have been using this antidote for over 40 years. In the past few years, programs distributing naloxone are being implemented by EMT-Basics, firefighters, law enforcement first responders and members of the community. Dr. Dailey served as the medical director for a New York State pilot project for the implementation of BLS naloxone, has trained law enforcement providers in several states and routinely prescribes naloxone to members of the community.
What is the current Synthetic opioid situation in Europe? How can countries be better prepared and equipped for a continued rise in synthetic opioid prevalence, use, and incidents?
Opioid overdose has emerged as one of the leading causes of preventable death in the United States. Paramedics and emergency department staff know that naloxone is the best treatment for opioid overdose and have been using this antidote for over 40 years. In the past few years, programs distributing naloxone are being implemented by EMT-Basics, firefighters, law enforcement first responders and members of the community. Dr. Dailey served as the medical director for a New York State pilot project for the implementation of BLS naloxone, has trained law enforcement providers in several states and routinely prescribes naloxone to members of the community.
What is the current Synthetic opioid situation in Europe? How can countries be better prepared and equipped for a continued rise in synthetic opioid prevalence, use, and incidents?
OVEARVIEW OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN LEOTHO SEJOJO PHAAROE
Chronic non infectious diseases that are silent and persecute mankind . non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. NCDs include Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, heart diseases, cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and other
10 interesting things about alcohol and other drugs that you may have missed ...Andrew Brown
Including a call for the NHS and social services to address stigma issues, some of the key statistics from the Chief Medical Officer for England's report, European data on drugs and people who go to prison, drink driving offences in Great Britain, a comparison between drink driving and drug driving in those who use substances, football and alcohol offences, Lithuania as a source of methamphetamine in the UK, and the recovery rate of those using IAPT services who are diagnosed with alcohol problems.
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the 65th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe (Vilnius, Lithuania, 14–17 September 2015)
EMANUELE SCAFATO . How can we make a successful story of reducing alcohol con...Emanuele Scafato
SCAFATO SEOUL ADDICTION FORUM August 27th 2015.
LESSON LEARNT IN ITALY BY MEAN ALCOHOL POLICIES.
To measure is the best way to understand.
Monitoring and reporting is the best way to support our and policy makers’ understanding and actions on alcohol.
There is room to support decrease in per capita alcohol consumption an inverse relationship between alcohol dependency and per capital alcohol consumption has been experienced during the last twenty years in Italy.
Harmful drinkers and alcohol dependents are in need for treatment in order to stop harm progression. They need to be identified and treated into an appropriate way.
Risk reduction and early detection of problems is a public health concern and formal programs are needed in PHC.
Increased awareness, education, training, changes in culture and environment should be included as ongoing effort.
Strengthening the formal control of the society is significant and must be supported by mean much more strict and effective policy actions, rules and regulation increasing health and safety protection.
Like in the case of Italy, the government plays a strong and important role in reducing alcohol consumption.
Prof Peter Anderson: Substance Use, Policy and Practice, Institute of Health and Society at Newcastle University and Professor, Alcohol and Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences at Maastricht University, Netherlands.
OVEARVIEW OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN LEOTHO SEJOJO PHAAROE
Chronic non infectious diseases that are silent and persecute mankind . non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. NCDs include Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, heart diseases, cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and other
10 interesting things about alcohol and other drugs that you may have missed ...Andrew Brown
Including a call for the NHS and social services to address stigma issues, some of the key statistics from the Chief Medical Officer for England's report, European data on drugs and people who go to prison, drink driving offences in Great Britain, a comparison between drink driving and drug driving in those who use substances, football and alcohol offences, Lithuania as a source of methamphetamine in the UK, and the recovery rate of those using IAPT services who are diagnosed with alcohol problems.
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the 65th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe (Vilnius, Lithuania, 14–17 September 2015)
EMANUELE SCAFATO . How can we make a successful story of reducing alcohol con...Emanuele Scafato
SCAFATO SEOUL ADDICTION FORUM August 27th 2015.
LESSON LEARNT IN ITALY BY MEAN ALCOHOL POLICIES.
To measure is the best way to understand.
Monitoring and reporting is the best way to support our and policy makers’ understanding and actions on alcohol.
There is room to support decrease in per capita alcohol consumption an inverse relationship between alcohol dependency and per capital alcohol consumption has been experienced during the last twenty years in Italy.
Harmful drinkers and alcohol dependents are in need for treatment in order to stop harm progression. They need to be identified and treated into an appropriate way.
Risk reduction and early detection of problems is a public health concern and formal programs are needed in PHC.
Increased awareness, education, training, changes in culture and environment should be included as ongoing effort.
Strengthening the formal control of the society is significant and must be supported by mean much more strict and effective policy actions, rules and regulation increasing health and safety protection.
Like in the case of Italy, the government plays a strong and important role in reducing alcohol consumption.
Prof Peter Anderson: Substance Use, Policy and Practice, Institute of Health and Society at Newcastle University and Professor, Alcohol and Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences at Maastricht University, Netherlands.
80% of the world’s population is denied access to morphine – while 20% consume almost all of it.
It is hard to think of a greater injustice that has largely arisen from the misunderstanding and fear of international drug policy
This is why IDHDP launched its campaign “Striving for equity in the treatment of pain.”
WHO CC for Training and Policy on Access to Pain Relief, India
Side Event - International Doctors for Healthier Drug Policies
Commission on Narcotics Drugs, UN, Vienna
Drug Treatment Systems in Russian Hospitals and Prisons: Inefficient and lack...IDHDP
Drug Treatment Systems in Russian Hospitals and Prisons: Inefficient and lacking in evidence
Prof. Vladimir Mendelevich, MD, PhD
Kazan State Medical University
Russian Federation
Some of the factors that increase the risk of overdose are: Injecting rather than smoking drug, mixing drugs (especially heroin, benzos, alcohol, methadone, etc. which are respiratory depressants), using alone, the variable purity of street drugs, using in unfamiliar surroundings, using with unfamiliar people increase the risks of overdose. Some of the risky times are those in which we have lost tolerance, we are at the beginning / ending substitute medication and we are in difficult life events.
Some of the external signs of overdose is a person unconscious, that cannot be woken, cyanosis (blue tinge to lips, tip of nose, eye bags, finger tips or nails), not breathing at all or taking slow/shallow or infrequent breaths and pin point pupils.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Naloxone survey
1. INTERNATIONAL DOCTORS FOR HEALTHIER DRUG POLICIES
Naloxone could save so many lives but is
restricted to so few
Preliminary results of the IDHDP global
naloxone survey
Dr Chris Ford, Clinical Director
Vanessa Huke, Communications Manager
IDHDP
Global Addiction Conference Belgrade
Physicians globally unite for health based drug policy
2. Reducing drug related deaths:
Naloxone part of the solution
Saved my life But many have
been lost
Siobhan’s story
5. Why we need naloxone
• 1.3 million users of opioids in Europe
• 27 million users of opioids worldwide (0.6%
world pop)
• 6,100 overdose deaths in Europe in 2012
• 3.5% of all deaths in males under 40 in Europe
• 250,000 overdose deaths world wide in 2010
This represents 2 million years of life lost
Preventing opioid overdoses in Europe EMCDDA, Lisbon,
October 2012 (revised 2014)
6.
7. What is Naloxone?
• An opioid receptor antagonist
• Reverses opioid (heroin, methadone, prescription
opioids) overdoses
• Safe, cost-effective
• Can be given
– IV, IM, subcutaneous, intranasal
Images from www.noperi.org 2015
8. Opiate overdose
Most heroin users
witness/experience an
overdose at some point:
From a sample of 155
drug using clients:
– 46% had overdosed
themselves
– 82% had witnessed an
overdose
– 43 of which were fatal
46%
82%
43
Best D., Man LH., Gossop M., Noble A., Strang J., 2000
9. Naloxone is just part of a response
Naloxone is an addition
to a greater set of
overdose interventions,
you should still:
– Check ABC
– Ambulance – call
– Breathing
– reCovery position
– Stay with them
10. What reduces risk of fatal overdose?
Better response to opiate overdose and
wider access to take home naloxone.
11. Talking about Naloxone:
United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs
UNODC 2012
Resolution 55/7:
“Encourages all Member States …..to share best
practices ………..including the use of opioid
receptor antagonists such as naloxone”
http://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Drug_Resolutions/2010-2019/2012/CND_Res-55-7.pdf
12.
13. Compare England with Scotland & Wales: Shocking rise in number of deaths
registered in 2013
(Office of National Statistics: 2014)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
numberofdrugrelateddeaths
Number of “drug misuse” Deaths 1993-2013
England
Wales
Scotland
14. Barriers
• Legal restrictions
• Bad policy
• Ignorance
– “Naloxone is a drug of abuse”
– “Naloxone is dangerous”
– “Naloxone will encourage risk taking”
• Lack of Awareness
• Lack of Motivation
– Need local champions
15. What do we know about Naloxone in
2013?
o Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania, United
Kingdom, Afghanistan, Australia, Canada, China,
India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Thailand, United Kingdom, United States,
Ukraine and Vietnam report the existence of
naloxone programmes
o The measure is regarded as a low-cost
approach that can empower healthcare
workers and people who use drugs to save
lives
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/preventing-overdose-deaths 2013
16. Countries which have Naloxone
Counries with naloxone
Counries without
naloxone
No data
17. Question 1: Location of Participants
With members in over 80 countries the survey had responses from
21 of these countries
18. • Q2 Is there a problem with opioid related
overdose in your area?
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28. INTERNATIONAL DOCTORS FOR HEALTHIER DRUG POLICIES
Now - go out and
SAVE SOME NALOXONE
Also complete the survey
Dr Chris Ford & Vanessa Huke
chris.ford@idhdp.com
www.idhdp.com
Physicians globally unite for health based drug policy
29. INTERNATIONAL DOCTORS FOR HEALTHIER DRUG POLICIES
Tuesday 2nd June @ 1740
“If doctors want to treat addiction - they
should start with the policies”
Why WE ALL need to be involved with the
UNGASS debate
All welcome
FOLLOWED BY IDHDP MEMBERS MEETING @ 1830
Physicians globally unite for health based drug policy
Editor's Notes
1
Siobhan’s story
Rise in deaths
UK = 5th highest rate in EU of deaths/million population.Mortality due to drug-induced deaths in EU, Croatia, Turkey and Norway(European Monitoring committee for Drugs and Drug Addiction 2013)
Comment re intranasal
The sample of drug using clients was from a study in South London in 2000
But don’t forget naloxone is only part – remember A, B and C
And D don’t panic
Temporarily reverses the effects of an opiate overdose
No effect on overdoses resulting from the use of other drugs
Short acting - can begin to wear off in 20 mins
Overdose can last for 8 hours or more (especially with methadone)
Only for use with continued medical support – still need to ring 999 (buys time)
No potential for abuse
Naloxone precipitates WITHDRAWAL – the individual may want to use again straight away/ become aggressive.
WHO recommendation: November 2014
“People likely to witness an opioid overdose should have access to naloxone
and be instructed in its administration to enable them to use it for the emergency management of suspected opioid overdose.”
http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/management_opioid_overdose/en/