The document discusses impact knee and ankle injuries in gymnastics. It notes that these types of overuse injuries affect thousands of gymnasts worldwide and are a major problem that is getting worse. The document outlines several contributing factors, including a lack of understanding of workload management principles, the evolving difficulty of skills and equipment, and cultural resistance to prioritizing basics over new skills. It then details some of the most common knee and ankle injuries at different age ranges. The document concludes by discussing prevention methods, including radical communication, workload management, physical preparation, proper landing and skill technique, prehab, and managing injuries when they first occur.
How Much is Too Much in Gymnastics? Practical Applications of Workload Scienc...DavidTilley17
PDF slides to "How Much is Too Much in Gymnastics? Practical Applications of Workload Science in Gymnastics " a lecture given by Dr. David Tilley. Topics include balancing stress to recover in youth athletes, stress neuroendocrinology basics, the impact of chronic stress on performance and health, and practical tips to be used during training.
Gymnastics Shoulder and Hip Flexibility Essentials DavidTilley17
PDF slides to "Essentials of Gymnastics Flexibility" a lecture given by Dr. David Tilley. Topics center on shoulder and hip flexibility to increase performance and reduce injury risk.
Gymnastics Strength and Conditioning: Traditional Methods Meets New ScienceDavidTilley17
PDF slides to "Gymnastics Strength and Conditioning: Traditional Methods Meets New Science" a lecture given by Dr. David Tilley. Topics focus on using traditional gymnastics body weight strength as well as new science for weightlifting in periodized year long models. Slides also contain the latest thoughts on energy systems training for performance and long-term training improvements.
How Much is Too Much in Gymnastics? Practical Applications of Workload Scienc...DavidTilley17
PDF slides to "How Much is Too Much in Gymnastics? Practical Applications of Workload Science in Gymnastics " a lecture given by Dr. David Tilley. Topics include balancing stress to recover in youth athletes, stress neuroendocrinology basics, the impact of chronic stress on performance and health, and practical tips to be used during training.
Gymnastics Shoulder and Hip Flexibility Essentials DavidTilley17
PDF slides to "Essentials of Gymnastics Flexibility" a lecture given by Dr. David Tilley. Topics center on shoulder and hip flexibility to increase performance and reduce injury risk.
Gymnastics Strength and Conditioning: Traditional Methods Meets New ScienceDavidTilley17
PDF slides to "Gymnastics Strength and Conditioning: Traditional Methods Meets New Science" a lecture given by Dr. David Tilley. Topics focus on using traditional gymnastics body weight strength as well as new science for weightlifting in periodized year long models. Slides also contain the latest thoughts on energy systems training for performance and long-term training improvements.
Learn how powerful movement is in the prevention and management of disease. Tackle the basics and learn how to develop a program of sustainable physical activity in your life.
Low Back Pain Assessment & Management workshop | KDU | International Research...Kusal Goonewardena
The latest developments from Australia on assessing and managing Low back Pain
Presented by Kusal Goonewardena
Elite Athlete APA Sports Physiotherapist
Director
Elite Akademy Sports Medicine
Melbourne
Australia
Physiological support for professional boxingalanruddock
The Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University's approach to sport science support to professional boxers including the world famous Ingle gym.
Gymnastics Conditioning by Karen Goeller, CSCS... Karen discusses gymnastics drills and conditioning for uneven bars including the cast handstand and clear hip handstand, dance including split leaps, and the block for the yurechenko vault.. www.GymnasticsBooks.com
Basic principles of Exercise designs for healthy and special populations, based on American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines. Target audience: Fitness trainers and health professionals. This lecture was delivered at Chennai in February 2014 in an international seminar organized by Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Florida International University.
This is a project for the physical education 2 course. I've designed a comprehensive 12-week training program for a 21-year old female who's attending a major cycling event next summer.
[Scroll down to page 6+]
Starting from a clinical case where a professional soccer player tear your acl with a concomitant ramp lesion and a detatchment of the lateral meniscus and popliteo fibular ligament we spek about the acl rehab and the not usual knee injury rehabilitation.
from the annual The Battle Sports Medicine Congress helded in Cesena (ITA) Technogym Village
Learn how powerful movement is in the prevention and management of disease. Tackle the basics and learn how to develop a program of sustainable physical activity in your life.
Low Back Pain Assessment & Management workshop | KDU | International Research...Kusal Goonewardena
The latest developments from Australia on assessing and managing Low back Pain
Presented by Kusal Goonewardena
Elite Athlete APA Sports Physiotherapist
Director
Elite Akademy Sports Medicine
Melbourne
Australia
Physiological support for professional boxingalanruddock
The Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University's approach to sport science support to professional boxers including the world famous Ingle gym.
Gymnastics Conditioning by Karen Goeller, CSCS... Karen discusses gymnastics drills and conditioning for uneven bars including the cast handstand and clear hip handstand, dance including split leaps, and the block for the yurechenko vault.. www.GymnasticsBooks.com
Basic principles of Exercise designs for healthy and special populations, based on American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines. Target audience: Fitness trainers and health professionals. This lecture was delivered at Chennai in February 2014 in an international seminar organized by Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Florida International University.
This is a project for the physical education 2 course. I've designed a comprehensive 12-week training program for a 21-year old female who's attending a major cycling event next summer.
[Scroll down to page 6+]
Starting from a clinical case where a professional soccer player tear your acl with a concomitant ramp lesion and a detatchment of the lateral meniscus and popliteo fibular ligament we spek about the acl rehab and the not usual knee injury rehabilitation.
from the annual The Battle Sports Medicine Congress helded in Cesena (ITA) Technogym Village
Technology and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): How could technology further help th...Hillary Green
Dr. Josh Geering, PT, DPT, from the Dallas VA Medical Center's Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Center presents at the UT Arlington Research Institute's Symposium on Biomedical Technologies.
Muscle tears are extremely common and are often recurrent. They are not as simple as we used to think and the advent of better imaging has proven that the site, size and location of the tear, together with the presence or otherwise of the tendon is crucial information especially for elite or professional athletes, who need accurate information about return to play. Traditional treatments of electrotherapy are simply placebos. The challenge ahead is to optimise treatments for the various diagnostic categories.
Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture With Generalized Joint Laxity Foll...Apollo Hospitals
THE function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is to
provide stability to the knee and minimize stress across the knee joint. It restrains excessive forward movement of the tibia in relation to the femur. It also limits rotational
movements of the knee. A hard twist or excessive pressure on the ACL can tear or rupture the ligament, resulting in high levels of short-term disability and extensive rehabilitation. The cost of treatment & rehabilitation of an ACL injured person is also phenomenal.
paper regarding implementation of shakers exercise for impaired swallowing patients and compare pre , immediate and post implementation of the exercises
Efficacy of patient education and supervised exercise in Elderly patients wit...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
The Battle Sport Traumatology 2023 Castrocaro Terme FC.pdfNicola Taddio
In this presentation the author analyzes the various problems relating to the functional and mechanical instability of the ankle which has suffered a lesion of the lateral ligaments, the complications, failures and short and long term outcomes in order to have a 360 degree vision of the problem , the possible solutions and the correct management to avoid them.
The Adolescent Footballer - Phases of growth and common injuriesJames Boyd
This presentation discusses the adolescent footballer. Detailing what adolescence is and the implications it can have for injuries within football. For further information and to discover more you can contact Mindfully Active Physio in Bishops Stortford at https://www.maphysio.co.uk/extras
Sub153105.pdf my article Outcome Measurement of Electrical Stimulation on Qua...jayanta Jayanta0074U
Outcome Measurement of Electrical Stimulation on
Quadriceps Muscles for Knee Osteoarthritis
Jayanta Nath
Abstract: Introduction: Outcome measurement is very essential part to assess efficacy of treatment intervention. The first objective
was to perform a review of all outcome measurement used in manangement of knee OA. Secondly to know if there was any difference
of outcome measurement of electrical stimulation on quadriceps muscle based on collected review article. Question: What were the
various outcome measurement used for assessment of knee osteoarthritis specially when used electrical stimulation? Design: Review of
literature. Participant: reviewer. Adults with osteoarthritis of the knee. Intervention: Electrical stimulation for quadriceps. Outcome
measure : VAS, WOMAC, dynamometer,MMT,EMG etc Development: Literature searches were made in these databases: Medline
(Ovid), Pedro, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Web of knowledge, CINAHL (EBSCOHost), SportDicus (EBSCOHost), DOAJ, Cochrane,
EMBASE, Academic Search Complete (EBSCOHost), Fuente Académica (EBSCOHost), and MedicLatina (EBSCOHost). A
retrospective search of 13 years was used until February 2015. 33 records were selected based on the affinity with the subject of the
review and their internal validity according to the PEDro scale. Conclusions: WOMAC, VAS, were most commonly used outcome
measurement for OA knee. recommend further research on ES and outcome measurement.There were many outcome measure for knee
OA based on literature search .The review evidence suggest that VAS,WOMAC,were useful for assessing quality of management.Out of
all outcome measurement tool the WOMAC,PPT, EMG were most valid and reliable tool.
Similar to Preventing Knee and Ankel Impact Injuries in Gymnastics (20)
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
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Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
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Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
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1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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2. 2
Why spend a whole lecture on this?
We should spend a whole month on this!
Without a doubt one of the top 3 topics that
plagues gymnasts, coaches, and medical providers
Research Articles 1-3
3. 3
Research and every day coaching experience
is pretty clear on this
• Impact overuse knee and ankle injuries affect 1000’s of
gymnasts worldwide
• Not only is it a problem, it’s getting worse despite our
efforts
• It’s have a huge negative impact on athlete health,
training progress, and gymnasts quitting the sport
What’s Going On?
Research Articles 1-3
4. 4
Many, many factors interacting
• We do not understand and use work load
science, periodization, and formalized
strength principles well enough
• Gymnastics is hard.
• Skills + Equipment Evolves = More Force per
rep
• 8.8-14.9x Body Weight Recorded Floor
• 23x Body Weight (!?) at ankle joint
Why Is It Such An Issue?
Research Articles 1-3
5. 5
• Sport Evolves = More Reps per skill and hours
per week
• We work with KIDS! ( Yes 18 is still a kid )
• Cultural Resistance
• Basics + Technique > Throwing New Skills
• Delay Specialization
• Off Season
• Interdisciplinary Team > Coach Doing All
• Flexibility
• Strength and Conditioning
Why Is It Such An Issue?
Research Articles
7. 7
Same Song, Different Dance?
Sever’s
Achilles
Tendinopathy
Stress Rxn
ACL / Meniscus
Tear?
Stress Fracture or
OCD?
8 - 1 2 Ye a r s O l d
M o s t V u l n e r a b l e A r e a
= G r o w t h P l a t e
1 2 - 1 6 Ye a r s O l d
M o s t V u l n e r a b l e A r e a
= Te n d o n / B o n e
1 7 + Ye a r s O l d
M o s t V u l n e r a b l e A r e a
= B r o k e n D o w n
Te n d o n / B o n e / C a r t i l a g e
Research ArticlesResearch Articles 4-22
8. 8
Same Song, Different Dance?
Osgood
Schlatters
SJL Syndrome
Patellar
Tendinopathy
Stress Rxn
ACL / Meniscus
Tear?
Stress Fracture or
OCD?
8-12 Years Old
Most Vulnerable
Area = Growth
Plate
12-16 Years Old
Most Vulnerable
Area =
Tendon/Bone
17+ Years Old
Most Vulnerable Area
= Broken Down
Tendon/Bone/Cartilage
Research ArticlesResearch Articles 4-22
9. 9
What Are The Most
Common Injuries? – Knee
Osgood Schlatters – Bone Inflammation of
Growth Plate Where Quad Attaches
Sinding Jarson Lohanssen – Bone
Inflammation of Growth Plate Patella
Stress Reactions/Fractures – Bone
Inflammation progressions to cracking
Research ArticlesResearch Articles 4-22
10. 10
What Are The Most
Common Injuries? – Knee
OCD – Break Down cartilage inside knee
joint
Meniscus – damage to shock absorbers
of knee joint
ACL/Other Ligaments – failure of
supporting structures around knee
Research ArticlesResearch Articles 4-22
11. 11
What Are The Most Common
Injuries? – Ankle
Severs– Bone Inflammation of
Growth Plate Where Achilles
Attaches
Stress Reactions/Fractures – Bone
Inflammation progressions to
cracking
Talar Dome OCD– Cartilage break
down in ankle joint
Research ArticlesResearch Articles 4-22
12. 12
Is There Any Hope For Gymnastics? Prevention Methods
After 6 years of geeking out… here are the only things I
have seen honestly move the needle on injury rates
Research Articles 4-22
13. 13
What is the major overlapping factor?
Tissue
Capacity
Tissue
Load
Load
Load
Load
Tolerance
Tolerance
▲
Capacity
▼
Load
(For optimal adaptation)
Research ArticlesResearch Articles23-28
15. 15
Radical
Communication
You can not bring technical solutions to
cultural problems
Environments that do not have mutual trust,
positive role modeling, and community
support will not have success in injury rate
reduction
Research Articles
16. 16
Radical
Communication
How do you build this?
”People believe what you do, not what you say”
Daily conversations, habits, choices
Patience, work, patience, work…. Patience and work.
LISTEN when someone says pain starting and modify
If really a fear, motivation, or misalignment of goals… have
the harder conversation.
Research Articles
19. 19
Proper Landing
Technique
There’s no way around it…
We HAVE to change how gymnasts land
Not Ideal
• Knee Dominant
• Upright Torso
• Hips Tucked Under
• Knees Together
• Lack of hip angle
Research Articles 4-11
20. 20
Proper Landing
Technique
Not Torn ACL > Not “Pretty”
More Ideal
• Hip Dominant
• Angled Torso
• Spine More Neutral
• Knees Hip Width
• Hip Angle
encouraged for
glute and hamstring
deceleration
Research ArticlesResearch Articles 4-11
22. 22
Proper Skill
Technique /
Readiness
Is this Yurchenko/Full/Dismount
REALLY ready for hard today…
Helpful guidelines we use
• Must perform 7 in mock competition setting before and during
meet weeks
• “Not happening in 3, not happening today” in practice or meets
• Health > Score, Medal, Social Media, etc. Period.
Accidents still happen and things go wrong, but much is preventable!
24. 24
So What Do I Do
When Someone
Starts to Have
Pain?
25. 25
11 Steps (no pun intended)
1. Reduce Impact Volume
2. Early Medical Care
3. Patience
4. Manage Soft Tissue
Research Articles
26. 26
5. Nightly Ice and Compression
6. Land Properly
7. Rebuild Local Strength
Research Articles
27. 27
8. Rebuild Impact Volume
9. Build Leg Strength
10. Correct Technique
11. Track Growth
Research Articles
28. References
1. Sands W. Injuries in Gymnastics. In Jemni M., The Science of Gymnastics: Advanced Concepts. 2018. Routledge: New York, 283 – 310
2. Bruggemann GP. Mechanical load in artistic gymnastics and its relation to apparatus and performance. 1999. In M Leglise (ed),
Symposium Medico-Technique (pp. 17-27). Lyss, Swizerland: International Gymnastis Fedearation.
3. Thomas RE., Thomas BC. A systematic review of injuries in gymnastics. The Physician and Sportsmedicine.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1527646
4. Pappas E., Zampeli F., Xergia SA., Georgoulis AD. Lessons learned from the last 20 years of ACL – related in vivo biomechanics research
of the knee joint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013 Apr; 21(4): 755 - 766
5. McaAdams TR., Mithoefer K., Scopp JM., Mandelbaum BR. Articular Cartilage Injury in Athletes. Cartilage. 2010 Jul; 1(3): 165 – 179
6. Logerstedt, D.S., et al. Knee Stability and Movement Coordination Impairments: Knee Ligament Sprain. J Ortho Sports Phys Ther. April
2010, 4(40). A3 – A37
7. Mordecai SC., Al-Hadithy N., Ware HE., Gupte CM. Treatment of meniscal tears: An evidence based approach. World J Orthop. 2014
Jul 18; 5(3): 223 – 241
8. Kramer DE., Miller PT., Berrahou IK., Yen YM., Heyworth BE. Collateral Ligament Knee Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Athletes. J
Pediatr Orthop. 2017. Dec [currently ahead of print]
9. Ozmeric A., Almedaroglu KB., Aydogan NH. Treatment for cartilage injuries of the knee with a new treatment algorithm. World J
Orthop. 2014. Nov 18; 5(5): 677 684
10. Smith, HC., Vacek P., Johnson RJ., et al. Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. : A Review of the Literature – Part 1:
Neuromuscualr and Anatomic Risk. Sports Health. 2012 Jan; 4(1): 69 – 78
11. Smith, HC., Vacek P., Johnson RJ., et al. Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. : A Review of the Literature – Part 2:
Hormonal, Genetic, Cognitive Function, Previous Injury, and Extrinsic Risk Factors. Sports Health. 2012 Mar; 4(2): 155-161
29. References
12. Launay F., Sports-related overuse injuries in children. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015 Feb; 101(1 Suppl): S139 – 147
13. Arnold A. Overuse Physeal Injuries in Youth Athletes: Risk Factors, Prevention, and Treatment Strategies. Sports Health. 2017. 9 (2) 139 –
147
14. Paterno MV., et al. Prevention of Overuse Sports Injuries in the Young Athlete. Orthop Clin North Am. 2013. October 44(4) 553 – 564.
15. Chen YT, Tenforde AS, Fredericson M. Update on stress fractures in female athletes: epidemiology, treatment, and prevention. Curr Rev
Musculoskelat Med. 2013. 6:173-181
16. Behrens SB., et al. Stress Fractures of the Pelvis and Legs in Athletes: A Review. Sports Health. 5(2): 165 - 174
17. Astur DC, et al. Stress fractures: definition, diagnosis, and treatment. Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia. 2016; 51(1) Jan – Feb, 3-10
18. Yun Li, H., Hua YH., Achilles Tendinopathy: Current Concepts about the basic Science and Clinical Science. Biomed Res Int. 2016: pp. 1-9
19. Chilvers M, Donahue M, , Manoli A. “Foot and Ankle Injuries in Elite Female Gymnasts”. Foot & Ankle International, Vol 28, No.2, Pages
214-218, Feb, 2007.
20. DeLee JC , Drez D , Miller MD . Achilles tendon injuries . In: Orthopaedic. Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice . 3rd ed. Philadelphia,
PA : Saunders Elsevier ; 2010 : 2182 – 2205 .
21. Cook JL1, Purdam CR. Clin Sports Med. 2003 Oct;22(4):777-89. Rehabilitation of lower limb tendinopathies. Clin Sports Med. 2003
Oct;22(4):777-89
22. Cook JL., Rio E., Purdam CR., Docking SI. Revisiting the continuum model of tendon pathology: what is its merit in clinical practice and
research? Br J Sports Med. 2016 Oct; 50(19): 1187 – 1191
30. References
23. Bourdon PC., et al. Monitoring Athlete Training Loads: Consensus Statement. IJSPP 2017, 12, S2 - 161 - S2 - 170
24. Bourdon PC, et al. Monitoring Athlete Training Loads: Consensus Statement. International Journal of Sports
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