The document discusses the history and development of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files for root canal preparation. It describes how ProTaper files were developed in 2001 as a multi-tapered system with various shaping and finishing files to efficiently prepare root canals. The document outlines the characteristics of each ProTaper file and provides the recommended techniques for using them to clean and shape root canals.
Space regaining involves restoring arch length by relocating permanent teeth that have drifted into spaces left by primary teeth. This is done through distal tipping of molars and labial tipping of incisors using either removable or fixed appliances. Removable appliances use springs while fixed appliances use lingual arches, lip bumpers, or brackets with coils. Space can be regained up to 4mm unilaterally or 3mm bilaterally. It is easier in the maxilla than mandible due to increased anchorage. Fixed appliances are preferred for unilateral mandibular space regaining.
The Protaper Endodontic System utilizes progressively tapered nickel-titanium rotary files for efficient root canal preparation. The files have a convex triangular cross-section and modified guiding tips to improve flexibility, cutting efficiency, and safety. The variable tapers along the length allow each file to specifically prepare its section of the canal without placing undue stress on other sections. The system consists of shaping files S1, S2, and finishing files F1-F5 to simplify preparation, especially in curved and narrow canals.
what is a working length ?
How to determine working length ?
Ways to measure working lengh.
Clinical applications.
Electronic apex locator
Types of electronic apex locator.
Advantanges & Disadvantages of Apex Locator.
Removal of root filling materials techniques, outcomes and risksibrahimaziz15
Techniques, Outcomes and Risks for removal of root filling materials.
Retreatment in endodontics starts with the removal of the root filling material, this seminar covers different technique in the removal of root filling materials "mainly GP" but other materials are also covered.
1) The document discusses different types of longitudinal tooth fractures including craze lines, fractured cusps, cracked teeth, split teeth, and vertical root fractures. It aims to clarify definitions and diagnostic criteria for each type.
2) Detection of cracks requires careful examination including history, visual and tactile inspection, radiographs, staining, and bite tests. The location and extent of a crack determines appropriate treatment.
3) Treatment options depend on the fracture type and severity but may include restoration, root canal treatment, or extraction if the crack compromises the tooth or extends deep into the root. Prognosis is variable and informed consent about crack progression is important.
Rotary endodontic system, protaper feachers and techniquesRizgar Saeed
Rotary nickel-titanium files like ProTaper simplify root canal preparation and maintain canal curvature. ProTaper features progressively tapering blades and modified guiding tips to improve cutting efficiency and safety. The system uses shaping files SX, S1, and S2 to prepare the coronal and middle thirds, followed by finishing files F1, F2, and F3 to refine the entire canal. ProTaper's unique progressive tapers and variable helical angles reduce stress on instruments.
The document discusses the history and development of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files for root canal preparation. It describes how ProTaper files were developed in 2001 as a multi-tapered system with various shaping and finishing files to efficiently prepare root canals. The document outlines the characteristics of each ProTaper file and provides the recommended techniques for using them to clean and shape root canals.
Space regaining involves restoring arch length by relocating permanent teeth that have drifted into spaces left by primary teeth. This is done through distal tipping of molars and labial tipping of incisors using either removable or fixed appliances. Removable appliances use springs while fixed appliances use lingual arches, lip bumpers, or brackets with coils. Space can be regained up to 4mm unilaterally or 3mm bilaterally. It is easier in the maxilla than mandible due to increased anchorage. Fixed appliances are preferred for unilateral mandibular space regaining.
The Protaper Endodontic System utilizes progressively tapered nickel-titanium rotary files for efficient root canal preparation. The files have a convex triangular cross-section and modified guiding tips to improve flexibility, cutting efficiency, and safety. The variable tapers along the length allow each file to specifically prepare its section of the canal without placing undue stress on other sections. The system consists of shaping files S1, S2, and finishing files F1-F5 to simplify preparation, especially in curved and narrow canals.
what is a working length ?
How to determine working length ?
Ways to measure working lengh.
Clinical applications.
Electronic apex locator
Types of electronic apex locator.
Advantanges & Disadvantages of Apex Locator.
Removal of root filling materials techniques, outcomes and risksibrahimaziz15
Techniques, Outcomes and Risks for removal of root filling materials.
Retreatment in endodontics starts with the removal of the root filling material, this seminar covers different technique in the removal of root filling materials "mainly GP" but other materials are also covered.
1) The document discusses different types of longitudinal tooth fractures including craze lines, fractured cusps, cracked teeth, split teeth, and vertical root fractures. It aims to clarify definitions and diagnostic criteria for each type.
2) Detection of cracks requires careful examination including history, visual and tactile inspection, radiographs, staining, and bite tests. The location and extent of a crack determines appropriate treatment.
3) Treatment options depend on the fracture type and severity but may include restoration, root canal treatment, or extraction if the crack compromises the tooth or extends deep into the root. Prognosis is variable and informed consent about crack progression is important.
Rotary endodontic system, protaper feachers and techniquesRizgar Saeed
Rotary nickel-titanium files like ProTaper simplify root canal preparation and maintain canal curvature. ProTaper features progressively tapering blades and modified guiding tips to improve cutting efficiency and safety. The system uses shaping files SX, S1, and S2 to prepare the coronal and middle thirds, followed by finishing files F1, F2, and F3 to refine the entire canal. ProTaper's unique progressive tapers and variable helical angles reduce stress on instruments.
The document discusses root canal preparation techniques using rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments. It introduces the concepts of "cleaning and shaping" root canals put forth by Schilder in 1974. It then discusses the design objectives and characteristics of different generations of NiTi rotary instruments, including taper, rake angle, radial land, helical angle, and pitch number. The document also covers the functions of NiTi instruments regarding torsional stress, bending fatigue, speed and torque. Finally, it compares root canal preparation techniques like crown-down versus step-back approaches and addresses advances in NiTi metallurgy.
This document discusses preparations for partial veneer crowns. It covers indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and preparations for both posterior and anterior teeth. For posterior teeth, it describes preparations for maxillary premolar and molar three-quarter and seven-eighth crowns, as well as mandibular premolar modified three-quarter crowns. For anterior teeth, it discusses maxillary canine three-quarter crowns and pinledge preparations for maxillary central incisors. The goal of partial veneer crowns is to preserve tooth structure while providing retention, resistance, and rigidity. Proper preparation design and metal coverage are important for successful partial crowns.
The document discusses various factors that can cause pulpal reaction during cavity and crown preparation:
1. Thermal injury from heat generated by cutting instruments can damage the pulp, especially without coolant use. Remaining dentin thickness and depth of preparation also influence thermal effects.
2. Transecting odontoblastic processes during preparation can lead to their displacement or death and subsequent pulp damage.
3. Crown preparation carries a higher risk of pulpal necrosis compared to other procedures due to its more extensive cutting.
4. Use of local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors can further endanger the pulp by reducing blood flow during and after preparation.
1. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal is essential for root canal treatment success by removing all contents from the root canal system.
2. Various techniques have been developed over time for root canal instrumentation including step-back, crown-down, and balanced force techniques.
3. Contemporary techniques such as ProTaper Next and Self-Adjusting File use engine-driven files and continuous irrigation for more efficient cleaning and shaping of the complex root canal anatomy.
The document provides information on clinical techniques for composite restoration. It discusses initial clinical procedures like local anesthesia and preparation of the operating site. It also covers tooth preparation techniques for composite like cavity designs and various matrix systems. Further, it explains steps like isolation, etching, priming, bonding and placement of composite restorative material. The document highlights the importance of isolation, proper etching, priming and bonding for achieving optimal adhesion and strength of composite restorations.
This document describes the crown-down pressureless technique for cleaning and shaping root canals. It involves initially using larger Gates-Glidden drills and files in the coronal 2/3 of the root canal and progressively using smaller files until reaching the desired working length. This prevents debris from being extruded apically, as was a disadvantage of previous step-back techniques. The crown-down technique provides a coronal escapeway for debris and reduces the risk of extrusion.
Resin adhesives in endodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the use of resin adhesives in endodontics. It covers topics like adhesion to dentin, challenges bonding to coronal versus radicular dentin, and various resin-based root canal sealers and luting cements. Newer systems aim to create a solid resin monoblock in the root that effectively seals to dentinal walls. Factors like smear layer removal and moisture affect adhesion in the root canal. Resin adhesives show potential for rehabilitating weakened roots and restoring access cavities.
This document discusses the procedure of pulp revascularization to treat immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices. It involves disinfecting the root canal with calcium hydroxide or triple antibiotic paste, inducing bleeding into the canal to form a blood clot, and placing MTA over the clot to allow new tissue and blood vessel formation. This results in continued root development, thickening of dentin walls, and closure of the root apex. Advantages include natural root maturation and vital tooth structure, while disadvantages can include discoloration or resistant bacterial infection.
The document discusses dealing with difficult anchorage situations using orthodontic miniscrew implants. It provides an overview of the history of skeletal anchorage, types of temporary anchorage devices (TADs), advantages of using TADs, and considerations for miniscrew implant placement. The document also outlines various uses of miniscrew implants for difficult anchorage cases, including intrusion of anterior and posterior teeth, molar mesialization, crossbite correction, molar distalization, anterior retraction, and use with functional appliances. Miniscrew implants are concluded to be an increasingly popular option due to their easy use, versatility, and ability to enable immediate loading.
This document provides an overview of root canal anatomy, including the divisions of the pulp cavity, landmarks in the apical region, classifications of canal configurations, and detailed descriptions of canal morphology for different tooth types. Key points include:
- The pulp cavity is divided into the coronal pulp chamber and radicular root canals.
- Important apical landmarks include the apical constriction, foramen, cementodentinal junction, and accessory canals.
- Classification systems describe common canal morphologies, such as single versus multiple canals.
- Tooth-specific details are given for maxillary incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, including average canal numbers, lengths
Recent advances in endodontics include improved methods for diagnosis using tools like pulse oximetry and laser Doppler flowmetry. Cone beam CT and newer apex locators provide more accurate determination of working length. Advances in instrumentation include nickel-titanium rotary files and self-adjusting files. New irrigants and devices improve cleaning and disinfection of the root canal. Regenerative endodontic procedures aim to regenerate damaged tissues through stem cell therapy and tissue engineering.
This document summarizes recent advances in nickel-titanium (NiTi) files used for root canal preparation. It discusses developments in NiTi metallurgy including new alloy compositions and heat treatment processes that have improved file flexibility, strength and resistance to fatigue. Some of the advances discussed include M-wire, martensitic NiTi alloys, electrical discharge machining, and gold and blue heat-treated instruments. The document also covers new file motions like reciprocation that help reduce risk of file separation.
Ultrasonics have various applications in endodontics. They can be used to refine root canal access and remove calcified deposits, detached pulp stones, and intracanal obstructions like broken instruments. Ultrasonics increase the flushing action of irrigants by generating acoustic streaming that more effectively cleans root canal walls and difficult anatomical features. They also aid in removing posts and silver points with minimal damage to tooth structure. Overall, ultrasonics provide a safe and effective method for various challenges in endodontic treatment.
This document provides information about endodontics and pulp space morphology. It defines endodontics as the study and treatment of the dental pulp and tissues surrounding the roots of the teeth. The document discusses the histology, physiology, microbiology, diagnosis and treatment of various pulp and periradicular conditions. It also describes the morphology of the pulp space, including the size, shape, number and curvature of root canals, for different types of teeth. Principles of access cavity preparation are outlined to locate all root canal orifices while conserving tooth structure. Potential errors during access cavity preparation are also noted.
Horizontal jaw relation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Presentation about Internal, or non-vital bleaching, will updated more in the future hopefully.
This presentation aims to introduce basic principles, agents, and other details of internal bleaching, as it is one of the ways to achieve the conservative approach in modern dental care.
Development of dental occlusion in orthodonticsMothi Krishna
The document discusses the development of dental occlusion from birth through adulthood. It describes the four periods of occlusal development: pre-dental, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. Key events in each period include the development of gum pads in infancy, eruption of primary teeth from 6 months to 6 years, transition between primary and permanent teeth from 6-12 years, and the final establishment of occlusion with full eruption of the permanent dentition. The concepts of ideal and normal occlusion are also introduced.
The document discusses guidelines for access cavity preparation during root canal treatment. It describes the objectives of access cavity preparation as removing caries, conserving sound tooth structure, unroofing the pulp chamber, removing pulp tissue, locating canal orifices, and achieving straight-line access to the foramen. The guiding principles are to shape the cavity for unimpeded instrument access, make it large enough for debridement but not excessively large, and avoid disturbing the pulp chamber floor in posterior teeth. Key factors influencing access preparation include the size and shape of the pulp chamber and the number and curvature of root canals. The document also reviews the typical root canal morphologies of different tooth types.
Glass ionomer cement was developed in the 1970s as a dental restorative material. It consists of a powder made of glass particles containing fluoride and an acidic liquid such as polyacrylic acid. The powder and liquid react via an acid-base reaction during setting to form the cement. The cement releases fluoride over time and bonds chemically to tooth structure. It has advantages such as fluoride release, adhesion to tooth, and biocompatibility, though it is more brittle than dental composites. Many variations of glass ionomer cement have since been developed.
The document discusses dental casting investments which are materials used to form molds for casting dental alloys. It describes the key properties investments should have including being easily manipulated, having sufficient strength and stability at high temperatures, and allowing for gas escape. It classifies investments based on processing temperature and binder used, and describes the main components - refractory material, binder, and other chemicals. Gypsum-based and phosphate-bonded investments are commonly used for casting gold alloys. The document discusses factors that influence the investments' setting expansion, hygroscopic expansion, and thermal expansion properties.
The document discusses root canal preparation techniques using rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments. It introduces the concepts of "cleaning and shaping" root canals put forth by Schilder in 1974. It then discusses the design objectives and characteristics of different generations of NiTi rotary instruments, including taper, rake angle, radial land, helical angle, and pitch number. The document also covers the functions of NiTi instruments regarding torsional stress, bending fatigue, speed and torque. Finally, it compares root canal preparation techniques like crown-down versus step-back approaches and addresses advances in NiTi metallurgy.
This document discusses preparations for partial veneer crowns. It covers indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and preparations for both posterior and anterior teeth. For posterior teeth, it describes preparations for maxillary premolar and molar three-quarter and seven-eighth crowns, as well as mandibular premolar modified three-quarter crowns. For anterior teeth, it discusses maxillary canine three-quarter crowns and pinledge preparations for maxillary central incisors. The goal of partial veneer crowns is to preserve tooth structure while providing retention, resistance, and rigidity. Proper preparation design and metal coverage are important for successful partial crowns.
The document discusses various factors that can cause pulpal reaction during cavity and crown preparation:
1. Thermal injury from heat generated by cutting instruments can damage the pulp, especially without coolant use. Remaining dentin thickness and depth of preparation also influence thermal effects.
2. Transecting odontoblastic processes during preparation can lead to their displacement or death and subsequent pulp damage.
3. Crown preparation carries a higher risk of pulpal necrosis compared to other procedures due to its more extensive cutting.
4. Use of local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors can further endanger the pulp by reducing blood flow during and after preparation.
1. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal is essential for root canal treatment success by removing all contents from the root canal system.
2. Various techniques have been developed over time for root canal instrumentation including step-back, crown-down, and balanced force techniques.
3. Contemporary techniques such as ProTaper Next and Self-Adjusting File use engine-driven files and continuous irrigation for more efficient cleaning and shaping of the complex root canal anatomy.
The document provides information on clinical techniques for composite restoration. It discusses initial clinical procedures like local anesthesia and preparation of the operating site. It also covers tooth preparation techniques for composite like cavity designs and various matrix systems. Further, it explains steps like isolation, etching, priming, bonding and placement of composite restorative material. The document highlights the importance of isolation, proper etching, priming and bonding for achieving optimal adhesion and strength of composite restorations.
This document describes the crown-down pressureless technique for cleaning and shaping root canals. It involves initially using larger Gates-Glidden drills and files in the coronal 2/3 of the root canal and progressively using smaller files until reaching the desired working length. This prevents debris from being extruded apically, as was a disadvantage of previous step-back techniques. The crown-down technique provides a coronal escapeway for debris and reduces the risk of extrusion.
Resin adhesives in endodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the use of resin adhesives in endodontics. It covers topics like adhesion to dentin, challenges bonding to coronal versus radicular dentin, and various resin-based root canal sealers and luting cements. Newer systems aim to create a solid resin monoblock in the root that effectively seals to dentinal walls. Factors like smear layer removal and moisture affect adhesion in the root canal. Resin adhesives show potential for rehabilitating weakened roots and restoring access cavities.
This document discusses the procedure of pulp revascularization to treat immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices. It involves disinfecting the root canal with calcium hydroxide or triple antibiotic paste, inducing bleeding into the canal to form a blood clot, and placing MTA over the clot to allow new tissue and blood vessel formation. This results in continued root development, thickening of dentin walls, and closure of the root apex. Advantages include natural root maturation and vital tooth structure, while disadvantages can include discoloration or resistant bacterial infection.
The document discusses dealing with difficult anchorage situations using orthodontic miniscrew implants. It provides an overview of the history of skeletal anchorage, types of temporary anchorage devices (TADs), advantages of using TADs, and considerations for miniscrew implant placement. The document also outlines various uses of miniscrew implants for difficult anchorage cases, including intrusion of anterior and posterior teeth, molar mesialization, crossbite correction, molar distalization, anterior retraction, and use with functional appliances. Miniscrew implants are concluded to be an increasingly popular option due to their easy use, versatility, and ability to enable immediate loading.
This document provides an overview of root canal anatomy, including the divisions of the pulp cavity, landmarks in the apical region, classifications of canal configurations, and detailed descriptions of canal morphology for different tooth types. Key points include:
- The pulp cavity is divided into the coronal pulp chamber and radicular root canals.
- Important apical landmarks include the apical constriction, foramen, cementodentinal junction, and accessory canals.
- Classification systems describe common canal morphologies, such as single versus multiple canals.
- Tooth-specific details are given for maxillary incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, including average canal numbers, lengths
Recent advances in endodontics include improved methods for diagnosis using tools like pulse oximetry and laser Doppler flowmetry. Cone beam CT and newer apex locators provide more accurate determination of working length. Advances in instrumentation include nickel-titanium rotary files and self-adjusting files. New irrigants and devices improve cleaning and disinfection of the root canal. Regenerative endodontic procedures aim to regenerate damaged tissues through stem cell therapy and tissue engineering.
This document summarizes recent advances in nickel-titanium (NiTi) files used for root canal preparation. It discusses developments in NiTi metallurgy including new alloy compositions and heat treatment processes that have improved file flexibility, strength and resistance to fatigue. Some of the advances discussed include M-wire, martensitic NiTi alloys, electrical discharge machining, and gold and blue heat-treated instruments. The document also covers new file motions like reciprocation that help reduce risk of file separation.
Ultrasonics have various applications in endodontics. They can be used to refine root canal access and remove calcified deposits, detached pulp stones, and intracanal obstructions like broken instruments. Ultrasonics increase the flushing action of irrigants by generating acoustic streaming that more effectively cleans root canal walls and difficult anatomical features. They also aid in removing posts and silver points with minimal damage to tooth structure. Overall, ultrasonics provide a safe and effective method for various challenges in endodontic treatment.
This document provides information about endodontics and pulp space morphology. It defines endodontics as the study and treatment of the dental pulp and tissues surrounding the roots of the teeth. The document discusses the histology, physiology, microbiology, diagnosis and treatment of various pulp and periradicular conditions. It also describes the morphology of the pulp space, including the size, shape, number and curvature of root canals, for different types of teeth. Principles of access cavity preparation are outlined to locate all root canal orifices while conserving tooth structure. Potential errors during access cavity preparation are also noted.
Horizontal jaw relation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Presentation about Internal, or non-vital bleaching, will updated more in the future hopefully.
This presentation aims to introduce basic principles, agents, and other details of internal bleaching, as it is one of the ways to achieve the conservative approach in modern dental care.
Development of dental occlusion in orthodonticsMothi Krishna
The document discusses the development of dental occlusion from birth through adulthood. It describes the four periods of occlusal development: pre-dental, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. Key events in each period include the development of gum pads in infancy, eruption of primary teeth from 6 months to 6 years, transition between primary and permanent teeth from 6-12 years, and the final establishment of occlusion with full eruption of the permanent dentition. The concepts of ideal and normal occlusion are also introduced.
The document discusses guidelines for access cavity preparation during root canal treatment. It describes the objectives of access cavity preparation as removing caries, conserving sound tooth structure, unroofing the pulp chamber, removing pulp tissue, locating canal orifices, and achieving straight-line access to the foramen. The guiding principles are to shape the cavity for unimpeded instrument access, make it large enough for debridement but not excessively large, and avoid disturbing the pulp chamber floor in posterior teeth. Key factors influencing access preparation include the size and shape of the pulp chamber and the number and curvature of root canals. The document also reviews the typical root canal morphologies of different tooth types.
Glass ionomer cement was developed in the 1970s as a dental restorative material. It consists of a powder made of glass particles containing fluoride and an acidic liquid such as polyacrylic acid. The powder and liquid react via an acid-base reaction during setting to form the cement. The cement releases fluoride over time and bonds chemically to tooth structure. It has advantages such as fluoride release, adhesion to tooth, and biocompatibility, though it is more brittle than dental composites. Many variations of glass ionomer cement have since been developed.
The document discusses dental casting investments which are materials used to form molds for casting dental alloys. It describes the key properties investments should have including being easily manipulated, having sufficient strength and stability at high temperatures, and allowing for gas escape. It classifies investments based on processing temperature and binder used, and describes the main components - refractory material, binder, and other chemicals. Gypsum-based and phosphate-bonded investments are commonly used for casting gold alloys. The document discusses factors that influence the investments' setting expansion, hygroscopic expansion, and thermal expansion properties.
- Etiquette refers to socially acceptable norms of behavior, manners, and customs. Proper etiquette is important for making a good first impression and being respectful in social and professional situations.
- Personal etiquette involves good hygiene, dress code, posture, habits, and attitudes. Office etiquette requires punctuality, teamwork, and treating others as you wish to be treated. Telephone etiquette in a dental office involves answering calls promptly and professionally.
- Chairside dental assistants are responsible for preparing patients, following infection control procedures, assisting the dentist during procedures, and ensuring patient comfort. Proper grooming, attire, confidentiality, and teamwork are important for professionalism.
This document discusses various techniques for preserving vital primary and young permanent teeth, including indirect pulp therapy, direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, and pulpectomy. It provides details on the indications, contraindications, techniques, and success rates of each procedure. Formocresol pulpotomy continues to be widely used for treating carious exposures in primary teeth, though alternatives like glutaraldehyde are discussed. Successful endodontic treatment of primary teeth requires an understanding of their complex root canal anatomy and the effects of physiologic root resorption.
Limits, Fits, Tolerances & Surface Roughness discusses key concepts in dimensioning and tolerancing, including:
- Tolerance is the total amount a dimension is permitted to vary between its maximum and minimum limits.
- There are three main types of fits between parts: clearance fit, interference fit, and transition fit. Clearance fit always leaves space between parts, interference fit creates interference, and transition fit can result in either.
- International Tolerance Grades (IT grades) provide uniform levels of accuracy within each grade based on basic size. Combining a letter deviation and IT grade number specifies the tolerance zone.
- Limit gauges like plug and snap gauges are used to check
VR與AR技術於醫療領域的可能性及案例分析 (VR & AR Technologies in Medical Applications)宇軒 黃
【跨 X 創 產業小聚】#6
VR技術引爆超世代教學革新:從醫療與教育出發
VR and AR Technologies in Medical Applications
據美國研究機構報告,AR/VR的醫療健康市場到2020年將達25.4億美元,主要來自模擬訓練及康復治療。在未來的健康醫療教育融入虛擬及擴增實境應用中,又可以達到什麼境界?
The document discusses various endodontic mishaps that can occur during root canal treatment. It describes mishaps related to access preparation, instrumentation, and obturation. Access-related mishaps include treating the wrong tooth, missing canals, damaging existing restorations, perforating the access cavity, and crown fractures. Instrumentation mishaps include ledge formation, perforating the root, and separated instruments. Obturation mishaps include overfilling or underfilling the canal. The document provides details on the causes, recognition, correction, prevention and prognosis of several common endodontic mishaps.
This document defines and compares terms related to bonding dental materials:
- Luting refers to filling spaces with a moldable substance like cement or clay. Luting agents cement indirect restorations to teeth.
- Adhesion is the physical attraction between molecules that causes surfaces in contact to remain joined. Adhesives are materials that bond items together.
- Bonding chemically links neighboring atoms in a molecule. Dental bonding uses resin materials cured with light to improve tooth appearance.
- Cementation is the process of attaching parts using cement, such as cementing a restoration to natural teeth.
Caries management strategies in primary molarsFasahat Butt
This document discusses strategies for managing caries in primary molars. It begins by defining caries and describing classifications. Diagnosis involves history, clinical examination including visual, palpation, percussion and mobility tests, and radiographs. Risk assessment considers plaque control, diet, fluoride use, saliva analysis and medical conditions. Objectives of managing caries are to prevent pain, local infection, injury to permanent teeth, and maintain mastication and aesthetics. Treatment options include prevention, restoration of enamel-dentine caries, and pulp therapy such as pulpotomy or pulpectomy. Preventive strategies emphasize plaque control, diet, fluoride and sealants. Restorative options and criteria for stainless steel crowns and space
This document provides information on various types of waxes used in dentistry. It discusses the composition, properties, and uses of pattern waxes, casting waxes, baseplate waxes, sticky waxes, and disclosing waxes. The key properties of waxes discussed are their melting ranges, coefficients of thermal expansion, flow, and residual stresses. Methods for manipulating waxes include using heat sources like Bunsen burners, wax annealers, and infrared lamps. Wax patterns can be made using direct or indirect techniques.
This document discusses dental trauma classifications and management of avulsed teeth. It outlines 9 classes of dental injuries from fractures to tooth displacement. Avulsion, the complete displacement of a tooth, is most common in maxillary teeth of children ages 7-9 years. Prompt reimplantation within 15-20 minutes maximizes success. Complications of reimplantation include ankylosis and inflammatory root resorption. Splinting and antibiotics can reduce complications and promote healing of pulp and periodontal ligament. Regular follow up is needed to monitor healing and detect any issues.
Cephalometrics is the standardized radiographic analysis of craniofacial structures used in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Key points:
1) Cephalometric analysis involves identifying anatomical landmarks on lateral skull radiographs, then measuring angular and linear relationships between structures to evaluate the sagittal, vertical, and dental relationships.
2) Common analyses include Downs, Steiner, Tweed, and McNamara which assess the position of maxilla, mandible, and teeth.
3) Sagittal analysis evaluates the skeletal relationship of maxilla to cranial base and mandible. Vertical analysis assesses facial height and inclination. Dental analysis examines tooth positions.
Glass-ionomer cement is used for various dental applications including final cementation, cavity bases, esthetic fillings, and orthodontic bracket cementation. It consists of a powder made of calcium-fluoro-alumino-silicate glass and a liquid containing polyacrylic acid. The acid-base setting reaction involves the glass dissolving in acid to release ions that crosslink the polyacrylic acid chains. Modifications include resin-modified glass-ionomer cement which incorporates resin monomers to form a protective matrix during the acid-base setting reaction.
This document discusses emotional development in children. It defines emotion and explains the importance of understanding a child's emotional development when providing dental treatment. It describes the physiology of emotions, including the role of the nervous and endocrine systems. It then examines characteristics of common emotions seen in children, such as distress/crying, anger, fear, anxiety, and phobias. For each emotion, it outlines how the emotion typically presents at different developmental stages.
Complications of local anasthesia in dentistryMohammed Rhael
This document summarizes local and general complications that can occur from local anesthesia in dentistry. For local complications, it discusses failure to obtain anesthesia, pain during/after injection, hematoma formation, intravascular injection, blanching, trismus, facial paralysis, lip trauma, prolonged impairment of sensation, broken needles, and infection. For general complications, it mentions fainting, drug interactions, homologous serum jaundice, sensitivity reactions, occupational dermatitis, and cardio-respiratory emergencies. Causes and treatments are provided for many of the complications.
This document discusses endodontic mishaps and procedural accidents that can occur during root canal treatment. It begins by defining endodontic mishaps and classifying them into categories such as access related, instrumentation related, and obturation related mishaps. Specific mishaps like treating the wrong tooth, missed canals, ledge formation, and perforations are described in detail. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing mishaps, correcting them properly, and preventing future errors through careful diagnosis, instrumentation techniques, and quality control measures.
Glass ionomer cement has several applications in dentistry. It can be used as a luting agent, for orthodontic brackets, as pit and fissure sealants, as a liner or base, for core buildup, for temporary restorations, and as a permanent restoration in non-stress bearing areas. Glass ionomer cement adheres well to tooth structure, releases fluoride to inhibit caries, and requires minimal cavity preparation, making it useful for restorations in children and in areas without access to advanced dental equipment.