Tobacco use is a global pandemic and is the leading cause of preventable death. Most of the deaths
are occurring in the low and middle income countries.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and pattern of tobacco use among adults in an urban community.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using face to face interviews on 403 individuals
aged 18 years and above residing in an urban community of Imphal West, Manipur. Descriptive statistics and
Chi –square test was used for analysis.
Results: The prevalence of ever use of tobacco use was 66.3% and of which 95.5% were current users. Tobacco
was used predominantly in smokeless form (zarda pan, khaini, gutkha) by 85% of the users. Smoked tobacco
was used only by 15% of the users. The commonest influencing factor for tobacco use was peer pressure.
Conclusion: Prevalence of tobacco use in this community was high. There is a need to develop effective health
education and multifactorial tobacco quitting strategies with focus on help and support for those who wish to
quit tobacco.
Knowledge and awareness of tobacco related health problems: A study from East...EDITOR IJCRCPS
Three million people die every year because of tobacco-related diseases in the world. The present
study was carried out to find out the association between Knowledge and awareness towards tobacco
consumption and to find out association between awareness towards tobacco consumption and
diseases in the last one year among residents of Dhankuta Municipality. The cross-sectional study was
conducted among residents of Dhankuta Municipality where 205 households were taken as subjects.
Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and face to face
interview was conducted. Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between Knowledge
and awareness towards tobacco consumption and association between awareness towards tobacco
consumption and diseases in the last one year among residents of Dhankuta Municipality. The
respondents those thinking that tobacco is injurious to health were significantly more aware (46.9%)
than those not thinking (26.7%) (P<0.05). The respondents those thinking that tobacco can cause oral
problems (51.7%) and respiratory problems (48%) were more aware but the difference were not
significant. The respondent suffered from diseases was high who was not aware of tobacco
consumption (18.2%). The respondent suffered from respiratory problems (12.5%) and oral problems
(10%) was high among those not aware of tobacco consumption but the difference was not significant.
We conclude that people those thinking that tobacco is injurious to health were significantly more
aware. The people who were not aware of tobacco consumption suffered more from diseases but the
difference was not significant.
1. The document discusses smoking habits in India, including the types of tobacco smoked as well as health risks. It provides statistics on smoking prevalence and related deaths in India.
2. Smoking is responsible for several diseases and premature death in India, killing over 900,000 people per year according to one study. Certain forms of smoking like bidis are associated with greater health risks than others.
3. The study found high smoking rates among Indian men, with over 60% of male smokers expected to die between ages 30-69, compared to 41% of non-smoking men. Female smoking rates were also linked to over 60% mortality for smokers versus 38% for non-smokers between ages 30-
This document is a rural internship report submitted by Dr. Akanksha Verma to assess tobacco consumption patterns among adolescents in rural Lucknow, India. It includes a literature review on previous related studies. The methodology section describes a cross-sectional study with 146 adolescent respondents aged 10-19 years, using interviews. Results show the majority of respondents initiated tobacco use before age 13, with smokeless tobacco most common. Peer pressure and family use were key factors for initiation. The early age of initiation underscores the need to protect adolescents from tobacco addiction.
This document summarizes the results of a survey on substance use, mental health, risky behaviors, and service needs among grade 8-10 learners in Western Cape schools in 2011. Some key findings include:
- Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis were the most commonly used substances. Two-thirds of learners reported alcohol use, nearly half reported tobacco use, and about a quarter reported cannabis use.
- Males generally reported higher rates of substance use than females. They were more likely to report behaviors like binge drinking, weekly alcohol and tobacco use, and smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day.
- Hard drug use like cocaine, mandrax, ecstasy, heroin, and methamphetamine was relatively low at
ATTITUDES & PRACTICES OF SMOKING IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTSpaperpublications3
Abstract:Smoking is hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain & dangerous to the lungs. Smoking is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. Tobacco smoke contains different harmful chemicals which are injurious for health. Smoking causes different types of cancer like lung cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer. Every year millions of people around the world die from diseases caused by the tobacco. Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.1 and 14.4 years of life, respectively. Each cigarette that is smoked is estimated to short life by an average of 11 minutes. Most of younger (High School Students) may start smoking as a fashion. The main target of the study was to determine the attitudes & practices of smoking in highly school students, in Peshawar, KPK. This study was carried out in 5 high schools located in Peshawar; KPK. The sample was constituted by 112 students. The data of the study was obtained through well structured questionnaires. Students with male gender, those whose parents had a low educational level and a smoking mother, father or sibling, had a higher frequency of smoking. The result demonstrated that the majority of students said that the smoking is harmful for health. Some have the view that smoking reliefs you from the stress and cause mental relaxation. About more than 61% of the students spend their full pocket money on smoking.
Tobacco use: A Major Risk Factor for Non-Communicable Diseases in Central NepalDr. Kishor Adhikari
1) The study assessed tobacco use and its association with blood pressure in central Nepal. It found that 42.1% of males and 18.4% of females currently used tobacco.
2) Tobacco use was found to have no significant relationship with systolic blood pressure but had a significant relationship with diastolic blood pressure.
3) Logistic regression showed that tobacco use increases the odds of high diastolic blood pressure by 33.2%. Reducing tobacco use is recommended to help prevent non-communicable diseases in Nepal.
This study examined smoking cessation behavior and use of cessation assistance among Chinese smokers. The key findings were:
1) Approximately 26% of smokers attempted to quit between waves of the survey (18 months apart), while 6% were abstinent at follow-up.
2) Only 5.8% of those attempting to quit reported using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and NRT was associated with lower odds of abstinence.
3) Visiting a doctor/health professional was associated with greater attempts to quit smoking and higher abstinence rates compared to those who did not visit a professional.
4) The use of formal cessation assistance remains low in China despite some evidence that
The use of cessation assistance among smokers from china findings from the ...Julia Purpera
This study examined smoking cessation behavior and use of cessation assistance among Chinese smokers. The key findings were:
1) Approximately 26% of smokers reported attempting to quit smoking between the first and second waves of the survey, while only 6% were abstinent at 18-month follow-up.
2) Visiting a doctor or health professional was associated with greater attempts to quit smoking and higher abstinence rates compared to those who did not visit.
3) Only 5.8% of smokers who attempted to quit reported using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Contrary to findings in other countries, NRT use in China was associated with lower abstinence rates.
4) The
Knowledge and awareness of tobacco related health problems: A study from East...EDITOR IJCRCPS
Three million people die every year because of tobacco-related diseases in the world. The present
study was carried out to find out the association between Knowledge and awareness towards tobacco
consumption and to find out association between awareness towards tobacco consumption and
diseases in the last one year among residents of Dhankuta Municipality. The cross-sectional study was
conducted among residents of Dhankuta Municipality where 205 households were taken as subjects.
Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and face to face
interview was conducted. Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between Knowledge
and awareness towards tobacco consumption and association between awareness towards tobacco
consumption and diseases in the last one year among residents of Dhankuta Municipality. The
respondents those thinking that tobacco is injurious to health were significantly more aware (46.9%)
than those not thinking (26.7%) (P<0.05). The respondents those thinking that tobacco can cause oral
problems (51.7%) and respiratory problems (48%) were more aware but the difference were not
significant. The respondent suffered from diseases was high who was not aware of tobacco
consumption (18.2%). The respondent suffered from respiratory problems (12.5%) and oral problems
(10%) was high among those not aware of tobacco consumption but the difference was not significant.
We conclude that people those thinking that tobacco is injurious to health were significantly more
aware. The people who were not aware of tobacco consumption suffered more from diseases but the
difference was not significant.
1. The document discusses smoking habits in India, including the types of tobacco smoked as well as health risks. It provides statistics on smoking prevalence and related deaths in India.
2. Smoking is responsible for several diseases and premature death in India, killing over 900,000 people per year according to one study. Certain forms of smoking like bidis are associated with greater health risks than others.
3. The study found high smoking rates among Indian men, with over 60% of male smokers expected to die between ages 30-69, compared to 41% of non-smoking men. Female smoking rates were also linked to over 60% mortality for smokers versus 38% for non-smokers between ages 30-
This document is a rural internship report submitted by Dr. Akanksha Verma to assess tobacco consumption patterns among adolescents in rural Lucknow, India. It includes a literature review on previous related studies. The methodology section describes a cross-sectional study with 146 adolescent respondents aged 10-19 years, using interviews. Results show the majority of respondents initiated tobacco use before age 13, with smokeless tobacco most common. Peer pressure and family use were key factors for initiation. The early age of initiation underscores the need to protect adolescents from tobacco addiction.
This document summarizes the results of a survey on substance use, mental health, risky behaviors, and service needs among grade 8-10 learners in Western Cape schools in 2011. Some key findings include:
- Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis were the most commonly used substances. Two-thirds of learners reported alcohol use, nearly half reported tobacco use, and about a quarter reported cannabis use.
- Males generally reported higher rates of substance use than females. They were more likely to report behaviors like binge drinking, weekly alcohol and tobacco use, and smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day.
- Hard drug use like cocaine, mandrax, ecstasy, heroin, and methamphetamine was relatively low at
ATTITUDES & PRACTICES OF SMOKING IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTSpaperpublications3
Abstract:Smoking is hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain & dangerous to the lungs. Smoking is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. Tobacco smoke contains different harmful chemicals which are injurious for health. Smoking causes different types of cancer like lung cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer. Every year millions of people around the world die from diseases caused by the tobacco. Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.1 and 14.4 years of life, respectively. Each cigarette that is smoked is estimated to short life by an average of 11 minutes. Most of younger (High School Students) may start smoking as a fashion. The main target of the study was to determine the attitudes & practices of smoking in highly school students, in Peshawar, KPK. This study was carried out in 5 high schools located in Peshawar; KPK. The sample was constituted by 112 students. The data of the study was obtained through well structured questionnaires. Students with male gender, those whose parents had a low educational level and a smoking mother, father or sibling, had a higher frequency of smoking. The result demonstrated that the majority of students said that the smoking is harmful for health. Some have the view that smoking reliefs you from the stress and cause mental relaxation. About more than 61% of the students spend their full pocket money on smoking.
Tobacco use: A Major Risk Factor for Non-Communicable Diseases in Central NepalDr. Kishor Adhikari
1) The study assessed tobacco use and its association with blood pressure in central Nepal. It found that 42.1% of males and 18.4% of females currently used tobacco.
2) Tobacco use was found to have no significant relationship with systolic blood pressure but had a significant relationship with diastolic blood pressure.
3) Logistic regression showed that tobacco use increases the odds of high diastolic blood pressure by 33.2%. Reducing tobacco use is recommended to help prevent non-communicable diseases in Nepal.
This study examined smoking cessation behavior and use of cessation assistance among Chinese smokers. The key findings were:
1) Approximately 26% of smokers attempted to quit between waves of the survey (18 months apart), while 6% were abstinent at follow-up.
2) Only 5.8% of those attempting to quit reported using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and NRT was associated with lower odds of abstinence.
3) Visiting a doctor/health professional was associated with greater attempts to quit smoking and higher abstinence rates compared to those who did not visit a professional.
4) The use of formal cessation assistance remains low in China despite some evidence that
The use of cessation assistance among smokers from china findings from the ...Julia Purpera
This study examined smoking cessation behavior and use of cessation assistance among Chinese smokers. The key findings were:
1) Approximately 26% of smokers reported attempting to quit smoking between the first and second waves of the survey, while only 6% were abstinent at 18-month follow-up.
2) Visiting a doctor or health professional was associated with greater attempts to quit smoking and higher abstinence rates compared to those who did not visit.
3) Only 5.8% of smokers who attempted to quit reported using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Contrary to findings in other countries, NRT use in China was associated with lower abstinence rates.
4) The
The txt2stop trial assessed the effectiveness of an automated smoking cessation program delivered via mobile phone text messaging. Over 5,800 smokers were randomly assigned to either receive the text messaging intervention providing motivational messages and support or control messages unrelated to quitting. The primary outcome of biochemically verified continuous abstinence at 6 months was significantly higher in the intervention group at 10.7% compared to 4.9% in the control group. The text messaging program significantly improved smoking cessation rates at 6 months and should be considered for inclusion in smoking cessation services.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
- The study assessed the effectiveness of an awareness program on the knowledge and self-reported practices of adolescent students regarding the harmful effects of tobacco and alcohol.
- 107 students aged 14-17 years from a school in India participated. The program significantly improved students' knowledge about the harmful effects based on pre- and post-test scores.
- While no students reported using tobacco or alcohol, many reported that family/friends engaged in these practices. The study concluded the awareness program was effective at improving knowledge about the harmful effects of substance use."
Smoking was identified as a major addictive behavior among students at Tula State University in Russia. According to surveys, 75% of Russian citizens associate a healthy lifestyle with smoking cessation. The number of smokers in Russia has increased over the last 20 years, especially among younger people aged 15-19. Among college students, 75% of males and 64% of females smoke. The report identifies predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors for smoking among TSU students and recommends addressing these through seminars, presentations, and activities to decrease smoking rates by 30% by June 2014.
Who are the Smokers and what Factors Influence Smoking among Amassoma Communi...iosrphr_editor
Smoking is prevalent among Nigerians. This study identified the smokers and related factors among Amassoma Community in South-South Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered randomly within the community to 260 consenting respondents; Data was analyzed with SPSS version 20. Respondents were Males (73.6%), aged 18-45 years (77.5%), single (45.7%), married (37.8%); with secondary/tertiary education (68.1%); Civil Servants (13.4%) ); Students (26%); Drivers (12.2%); Christian (72.4%) and Ijaw tribe (54.7%).64.6%.had ever smoked at prevalent initiation age of 16-25 years (74.5%); current smokers were 86.0%; 97.2% also took alcohol; 43.3% always smoked for relaxation; 48.9% always smoked to have fun with their friends; 58.20% sometimes smoked in order to fit into the social circle; Gender, Age group and Education were associated with past (p<0.05)>0.05) smoking history; marital status and average annual income had no correlation with both past and present history of smoking (p>0.05). Smoking cessation outreaches should target the identified vulnerable groups in order to substantially lower the smoking prevalence in this community.
This document summarizes the key findings of a study on the effects of drug abuse in Indonesia. The study surveyed 602 individuals across 6 Indonesian provinces and found that:
1) Drug use in Indonesia is typically polydrug use, involving multiple substances, starting at a young age. The most commonly abused drugs are crystal meth, marijuana, and other amphetamine-type stimulants.
2) Drug use poses many health risks, such as driving under the influence, mixing substances, and unprotected sex. It can also lead to physical effects like oral infections, respiratory issues, and overdoses.
3) Long-term drug abuse is linked to mental health issues in 86.4% of respondents as well
Effect of a smoking prevention program on smoking related knowledge, refusal ...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of a three-week smoking prevention program on 32 non-smoking adolescents aged 10-18 years old in the Philippines. The program consisted of eight interactive sessions based on health behavior theories. Participants completed questionnaires before and after measuring smoking knowledge, refusal self-efficacy, attitudes, and intentions. Results found that after the program, participants had higher smoking knowledge and refusal self-efficacy, less favorable attitudes toward smoking, and lower intentions to smoke in the future. The study suggests smoking prevention programs can positively impact important factors influencing adolescent smoking behavior.
Access to subsidised nicotine replacement therapy in South AucklandSimon Thornley
1) The study examined rates of subsidized nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) claimed in Counties Manukau District Health Board in 2007 and found that overall, NRT was infrequently claimed, with only about 0.5% of residents obtaining NRT that year.
2) When adjusted for demographic factors, Pacific peoples were 60% less likely than Europeans to claim NRT, despite having higher smoking rates. Māori also had lower rates of NRT claims than Europeans after adjusting for smoking prevalence.
3) The majority (74%) of those who claimed NRT only obtained one month's supply, suggesting most smokers are not using NRT long enough (guidelines recommend at least 8 weeks
Water pipe (Shisha) smoking among a sample of Iraqi male college students: kn...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
Li et al china predictors of quitting paper published versionAlexander Li
This research report examines predictors of quitting behaviors among adult smokers in six cities in China using data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey. The study followed 4732 smokers surveyed in 2006, with 3863 respondents re-contacted in 2007. The study found that 25.3% of smokers reported making a quit attempt in the follow-up period, with 21.7% of those still abstaining from smoking. Independent predictors of making a quit attempt included higher quitting self-efficacy, previous quit attempts, stronger immediate quitting intentions, longer time to first cigarette upon waking, negative opinions of smoking, and smoking restrictions at home. Independent predictors of staying quit included older age, longer previous abstinence
This document summarizes research being conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) related to tobacco. It discusses NIDA's focus on basic research including genetics and biomarkers of vulnerability to smoking. It also discusses NIDA's prevention research through the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, as well as medication development, behavioral treatments, research on vulnerable populations, and integrated tobacco epidemiology through studies like the Monitoring the Future study and Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. The overall themes of NIDA research are described as understanding the neurobiology of all drugs of abuse and their effects on the brain.
Factors associated with intentions to quit itc chinaAlexander Li
This document summarizes a study that examined factors associated with intentions to quit smoking among adult smokers in six Chinese cities. The study found that past quit attempts, duration of past attempts, level of nicotine dependence, beliefs about the outcomes of quitting, worry about future health effects, and overall opinion of smoking were independently associated with intentions to quit. Demographic characteristics were not associated with quit intentions. The determinants of quit intentions among Chinese smokers are similar to those found in Western countries, despite lower interest in quitting smoking among Chinese smokers overall.
A study design proposal for incorporating photos into just-in-time interventions for smoking cessation. The presentation was given for a health communication seminar course in Fall 2016.
20 million fewer people use tobacco in countries with the majority of the wor...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
This document summarizes tobacco use data from 11 countries that participated in the Global Adult Tobacco Survey between 2008-2017. The key findings are:
1) Across the 11 countries, current tobacco use decreased by an estimated 20 million people, ranging from an 8.5% decline in Russia to a 0.4% increase in Turkey.
2) Exposure to secondhand smoke decreased by an estimated 53.4 million, ranging from a 24.5% decline in Russia to a 13% increase in Thailand.
3) Thinking about quitting due to warning labels increased by an estimated 12.4 million, ranging from a 22.1% increase in India to an 18.2% decrease in Vietnam.
Tobacco Harm Reduction by Somchai Bovornkitti* in Crimson Publishers: Telemedicine and e-Health open access journals
Cigarette smoke contain approximately 250 different chemicals known to be harmful to human health. Thousands of harmful chemical substances produce by the combustion of tobacco. The health impacts such as cancer and chronic lung disease are not only associated with smokers but also people who are exposed to secondhand smoke. Tobacco Harm Reduction is a concept to minimize the impacts of tobacco on the individual and on society at large. A key component of this strategy is using alternative source of nicotine as a substitute to tobacco cigarettes. Electronic cigarette and heated tobacco are alternatives that might have potential in reduce harm from smokes. This paper elaborates on available research associated with electronic cigarette and heated tobacco with harm reduction and risk perspective.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/fulltext/TTEH.000522.php
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This document summarizes a study that investigated motivations for smoking cessation, reasons for relapse, and methods of quitting smoking. The study involved focus groups and interviews with current and former smokers in Poland. Key findings included: (1) the main motivations for quitting were smoking bans and high cigarette costs, (2) the most common reason for relapse was stress, and (3) the most frequent method of quitting was a spontaneous decision triggered by a specific event. The study provided insights into factors that influence smoking behaviors and cessation attempts.
This document provides an overview of tobacco use in Indonesia based on the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2011. Some key points:
- Indonesia has high rates of tobacco use, ranked 3rd in the world for cigarette consumption. About 35% of those aged 15 and older smoke tobacco.
- Kreteks, clove-flavored cigarettes, dominate the Indonesian market and deliver more nicotine and toxins than regular cigarettes.
- Tobacco places a large economic burden on Indonesia, costing over $1.8 billion in 2010 for healthcare related to smoking-caused diseases.
- While Indonesia has some tobacco control policies, it has not signed the global tobacco control treaty
This document summarizes smoking rates among Indian youth. It finds that 43% of youth will smoke at some point, with most starting between ages 14-19 due to peer pressure, family influence, or employment. Smoking is rising 3.4% annually and causes over 10 million deaths worldwide each year due to the toxic and carcinogenic chemicals in tobacco like nicotine, cyanide, and carcinogens. The document recommends health education and counseling programs targeting youth to curb smoking initiation and prevalence among this high-risk group.
This study examined the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) among smokeless tobacco users in Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The study found:
1) The prevalence of OMLs was 54.18% overall, with higher rates among males (91.5%) compared to females (8.49%).
2) The most common OMLs among males were oral submucous fibrosis (26.95%), leukoplakia (10.35%), and carcinoma (9.94%). The most common lesion among females was carcinoma (28.31%).
3) Betel quid was the most common form of smokeless tobacco used among both males
The document summarizes tobacco cessation legislation in India. It provides background on the history of tobacco use in India, current prevalence rates, and health impacts of tobacco. It then outlines key events in India's tobacco control efforts, including various acts passed between 1975-2003 to regulate tobacco advertising, sales, and use. The summary highlights challenges in implementing these laws and the need for continued education strategies to curb tobacco consumption.
The txt2stop trial assessed the effectiveness of an automated smoking cessation program delivered via mobile phone text messaging. Over 5,800 smokers were randomly assigned to either receive the text messaging intervention providing motivational messages and support or control messages unrelated to quitting. The primary outcome of biochemically verified continuous abstinence at 6 months was significantly higher in the intervention group at 10.7% compared to 4.9% in the control group. The text messaging program significantly improved smoking cessation rates at 6 months and should be considered for inclusion in smoking cessation services.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
- The study assessed the effectiveness of an awareness program on the knowledge and self-reported practices of adolescent students regarding the harmful effects of tobacco and alcohol.
- 107 students aged 14-17 years from a school in India participated. The program significantly improved students' knowledge about the harmful effects based on pre- and post-test scores.
- While no students reported using tobacco or alcohol, many reported that family/friends engaged in these practices. The study concluded the awareness program was effective at improving knowledge about the harmful effects of substance use."
Smoking was identified as a major addictive behavior among students at Tula State University in Russia. According to surveys, 75% of Russian citizens associate a healthy lifestyle with smoking cessation. The number of smokers in Russia has increased over the last 20 years, especially among younger people aged 15-19. Among college students, 75% of males and 64% of females smoke. The report identifies predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors for smoking among TSU students and recommends addressing these through seminars, presentations, and activities to decrease smoking rates by 30% by June 2014.
Who are the Smokers and what Factors Influence Smoking among Amassoma Communi...iosrphr_editor
Smoking is prevalent among Nigerians. This study identified the smokers and related factors among Amassoma Community in South-South Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered randomly within the community to 260 consenting respondents; Data was analyzed with SPSS version 20. Respondents were Males (73.6%), aged 18-45 years (77.5%), single (45.7%), married (37.8%); with secondary/tertiary education (68.1%); Civil Servants (13.4%) ); Students (26%); Drivers (12.2%); Christian (72.4%) and Ijaw tribe (54.7%).64.6%.had ever smoked at prevalent initiation age of 16-25 years (74.5%); current smokers were 86.0%; 97.2% also took alcohol; 43.3% always smoked for relaxation; 48.9% always smoked to have fun with their friends; 58.20% sometimes smoked in order to fit into the social circle; Gender, Age group and Education were associated with past (p<0.05)>0.05) smoking history; marital status and average annual income had no correlation with both past and present history of smoking (p>0.05). Smoking cessation outreaches should target the identified vulnerable groups in order to substantially lower the smoking prevalence in this community.
This document summarizes the key findings of a study on the effects of drug abuse in Indonesia. The study surveyed 602 individuals across 6 Indonesian provinces and found that:
1) Drug use in Indonesia is typically polydrug use, involving multiple substances, starting at a young age. The most commonly abused drugs are crystal meth, marijuana, and other amphetamine-type stimulants.
2) Drug use poses many health risks, such as driving under the influence, mixing substances, and unprotected sex. It can also lead to physical effects like oral infections, respiratory issues, and overdoses.
3) Long-term drug abuse is linked to mental health issues in 86.4% of respondents as well
Effect of a smoking prevention program on smoking related knowledge, refusal ...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of a three-week smoking prevention program on 32 non-smoking adolescents aged 10-18 years old in the Philippines. The program consisted of eight interactive sessions based on health behavior theories. Participants completed questionnaires before and after measuring smoking knowledge, refusal self-efficacy, attitudes, and intentions. Results found that after the program, participants had higher smoking knowledge and refusal self-efficacy, less favorable attitudes toward smoking, and lower intentions to smoke in the future. The study suggests smoking prevention programs can positively impact important factors influencing adolescent smoking behavior.
Access to subsidised nicotine replacement therapy in South AucklandSimon Thornley
1) The study examined rates of subsidized nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) claimed in Counties Manukau District Health Board in 2007 and found that overall, NRT was infrequently claimed, with only about 0.5% of residents obtaining NRT that year.
2) When adjusted for demographic factors, Pacific peoples were 60% less likely than Europeans to claim NRT, despite having higher smoking rates. Māori also had lower rates of NRT claims than Europeans after adjusting for smoking prevalence.
3) The majority (74%) of those who claimed NRT only obtained one month's supply, suggesting most smokers are not using NRT long enough (guidelines recommend at least 8 weeks
Water pipe (Shisha) smoking among a sample of Iraqi male college students: kn...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
Li et al china predictors of quitting paper published versionAlexander Li
This research report examines predictors of quitting behaviors among adult smokers in six cities in China using data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey. The study followed 4732 smokers surveyed in 2006, with 3863 respondents re-contacted in 2007. The study found that 25.3% of smokers reported making a quit attempt in the follow-up period, with 21.7% of those still abstaining from smoking. Independent predictors of making a quit attempt included higher quitting self-efficacy, previous quit attempts, stronger immediate quitting intentions, longer time to first cigarette upon waking, negative opinions of smoking, and smoking restrictions at home. Independent predictors of staying quit included older age, longer previous abstinence
This document summarizes research being conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) related to tobacco. It discusses NIDA's focus on basic research including genetics and biomarkers of vulnerability to smoking. It also discusses NIDA's prevention research through the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, as well as medication development, behavioral treatments, research on vulnerable populations, and integrated tobacco epidemiology through studies like the Monitoring the Future study and Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. The overall themes of NIDA research are described as understanding the neurobiology of all drugs of abuse and their effects on the brain.
Factors associated with intentions to quit itc chinaAlexander Li
This document summarizes a study that examined factors associated with intentions to quit smoking among adult smokers in six Chinese cities. The study found that past quit attempts, duration of past attempts, level of nicotine dependence, beliefs about the outcomes of quitting, worry about future health effects, and overall opinion of smoking were independently associated with intentions to quit. Demographic characteristics were not associated with quit intentions. The determinants of quit intentions among Chinese smokers are similar to those found in Western countries, despite lower interest in quitting smoking among Chinese smokers overall.
A study design proposal for incorporating photos into just-in-time interventions for smoking cessation. The presentation was given for a health communication seminar course in Fall 2016.
20 million fewer people use tobacco in countries with the majority of the wor...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
This document summarizes tobacco use data from 11 countries that participated in the Global Adult Tobacco Survey between 2008-2017. The key findings are:
1) Across the 11 countries, current tobacco use decreased by an estimated 20 million people, ranging from an 8.5% decline in Russia to a 0.4% increase in Turkey.
2) Exposure to secondhand smoke decreased by an estimated 53.4 million, ranging from a 24.5% decline in Russia to a 13% increase in Thailand.
3) Thinking about quitting due to warning labels increased by an estimated 12.4 million, ranging from a 22.1% increase in India to an 18.2% decrease in Vietnam.
Tobacco Harm Reduction by Somchai Bovornkitti* in Crimson Publishers: Telemedicine and e-Health open access journals
Cigarette smoke contain approximately 250 different chemicals known to be harmful to human health. Thousands of harmful chemical substances produce by the combustion of tobacco. The health impacts such as cancer and chronic lung disease are not only associated with smokers but also people who are exposed to secondhand smoke. Tobacco Harm Reduction is a concept to minimize the impacts of tobacco on the individual and on society at large. A key component of this strategy is using alternative source of nicotine as a substitute to tobacco cigarettes. Electronic cigarette and heated tobacco are alternatives that might have potential in reduce harm from smokes. This paper elaborates on available research associated with electronic cigarette and heated tobacco with harm reduction and risk perspective.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/fulltext/TTEH.000522.php
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This document summarizes a study that investigated motivations for smoking cessation, reasons for relapse, and methods of quitting smoking. The study involved focus groups and interviews with current and former smokers in Poland. Key findings included: (1) the main motivations for quitting were smoking bans and high cigarette costs, (2) the most common reason for relapse was stress, and (3) the most frequent method of quitting was a spontaneous decision triggered by a specific event. The study provided insights into factors that influence smoking behaviors and cessation attempts.
This document provides an overview of tobacco use in Indonesia based on the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2011. Some key points:
- Indonesia has high rates of tobacco use, ranked 3rd in the world for cigarette consumption. About 35% of those aged 15 and older smoke tobacco.
- Kreteks, clove-flavored cigarettes, dominate the Indonesian market and deliver more nicotine and toxins than regular cigarettes.
- Tobacco places a large economic burden on Indonesia, costing over $1.8 billion in 2010 for healthcare related to smoking-caused diseases.
- While Indonesia has some tobacco control policies, it has not signed the global tobacco control treaty
This document summarizes smoking rates among Indian youth. It finds that 43% of youth will smoke at some point, with most starting between ages 14-19 due to peer pressure, family influence, or employment. Smoking is rising 3.4% annually and causes over 10 million deaths worldwide each year due to the toxic and carcinogenic chemicals in tobacco like nicotine, cyanide, and carcinogens. The document recommends health education and counseling programs targeting youth to curb smoking initiation and prevalence among this high-risk group.
This study examined the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) among smokeless tobacco users in Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The study found:
1) The prevalence of OMLs was 54.18% overall, with higher rates among males (91.5%) compared to females (8.49%).
2) The most common OMLs among males were oral submucous fibrosis (26.95%), leukoplakia (10.35%), and carcinoma (9.94%). The most common lesion among females was carcinoma (28.31%).
3) Betel quid was the most common form of smokeless tobacco used among both males
The document summarizes tobacco cessation legislation in India. It provides background on the history of tobacco use in India, current prevalence rates, and health impacts of tobacco. It then outlines key events in India's tobacco control efforts, including various acts passed between 1975-2003 to regulate tobacco advertising, sales, and use. The summary highlights challenges in implementing these laws and the need for continued education strategies to curb tobacco consumption.
Challenges in Expanding the Role of Health Care Providers and Delivering Trea...Global Bridges
Presentation by Jagdish Kaur, MBBS, Union Health Ministry, India, at the Global Bridges Preconference at the 15th World Conference on Tobacco OR Health in Singapore.
Tobacco use, legislation and health implications2.pptxOpeyemi Muyiwa
This document provides an overview of tobacco use in Nigeria, including legislation and health implications. It discusses the epidemiology of tobacco use in Nigeria, including regional smoking prevalence rates. Tobacco legislation in Nigeria, including the 1990 Tobacco Decree and 2015 Tobacco Control Act, is outlined. Challenges to enforcing tobacco control regulations in Nigeria are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of tobacco use and counseling in India. It discusses the various types of tobacco used in India including smoked forms like beedis, cigarettes, and hookah as well as smokeless forms like khaini, gutkha, paan, and mishri. It outlines the constituents of tobacco that are linked to health risks like cancer. It also discusses the prevalence of tobacco use in India, the health effects of tobacco, and methods for quitting tobacco and providing counseling to patients.
the concept of World No-Tobacco Day was initiated because millions of people die each year around the world owing to tobacco intake and mistreatment. Initially, April 7 was chosen as the “world no-smoking day” when the World Health Assembly passed a resolution regarding the same in 1987. In 1988, the World Health Assembly passed another resolution calling for May 31 to be celebrated as “World No- Tobacco Day
This document discusses tobacco use among adolescents in India. It begins by outlining the various tobacco products used in India and the extent of adolescent tobacco use. It then examines the psychosocial factors that lead adolescents to initiate tobacco use, such as family and peer influence. The document concludes by recommending preventive strategies like education programs, restricting tobacco advertising, and community development initiatives to curb adolescent tobacco use in India.
This study surveyed 560 Indian medical students over 5 years to assess tobacco use and attitudes. The study found that 33% of students used tobacco, with 45.4% chewing tobacco, 32.2% smoking cigarettes, and 22.4% doing both. Most students felt tobacco should be restricted and doctors should advise quitting, but specific training was still needed to develop cessation skills. The high tobacco use rates among future doctors underscores the need for comprehensive intervention strategies in medical curricula to address this issue.
This study examined the prevalence and patterns of tobacco chewing among youth in western Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 844 college students across 5 colleges in Pokhara, Nepal between 2006-2007. The prevalence of ever chewing was found to be 21.3% and current chewing was 8.3%. The mean age of initiation was 15.7 years for ever chewers and 16.5 years for current chewers. Peer influence, family members who chew, and personal experimentation were identified as risk factors for chewing initiation. Having chewer friends and family members continued the habit. The study highlights the public health issue of rising smokeless tobacco use among youth in Nepal.
This study examined smoking prevalence and factors among medical students in Slemani, Iraq. It found that 15.8% of students currently smoke, with males more likely to smoke than females. 43.3% of students had tried smoking at some point. Knowledge about smoking hazards was mixed, with over half unsure if cigarettes contain over 8000 chemicals or are the fastest way to deliver nicotine. The study recommends increasing education on smoking risks, banning smoking on campus, and providing smoking cessation counseling and support groups for students.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.8
ABSTRACT- In India most of the peoples have the bad habit of smoking & it’s harmful effects on the body, it is the
major cause of the cancer of mouth, lungs, esophagus & stomach, pancreas and bladder. The smoking can also affect the
health to the next person who comes in a contact with the smoker that is also called as a passive smoking (second hand
smoke). Most of the Indian peoples have low knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking. The present investigation
study that the effects of smoking scores to 43.33%, 23.33%, 6.67% and 26.67% in Nashik District. The socio
demographic variables Age, Sex, Religion, Educational status, Occupation found to be significantly influencing
knowledge of the peoples. The finding of the study showed that majority of the adults were between 18-23 yrs = 43.33%,
an educational status pre university course and lived in joint families. Key-words- Smoking, Cancer, Effects of smoking, Street play
The document discusses facts about gender and tobacco use. It notes that approximately 200 million of the world's one billion smokers are women, and the tobacco industry aggressively markets to women. Tobacco use harms women and men differently, with approximately 1.5 million women dying each year from tobacco use. Understanding and controlling tobacco use among women is an important part of effective tobacco control strategies.
Prevalence and pattern of substance use among youth of slum areaBRNSSPublicationHubI
This study examined the prevalence and patterns of substance use among male youth aged 15-25 living in slum areas in Varanasi, India. The researcher conducted interviews with 40 male youth and found that 57.5% of those aged 21-25 had used substances. The most common substances used were cigarettes (60%), alcohol (57.5%), and cannabis products (55%). Overall, substance use was statistically higher among older youth living in these slum areas. The study aims to identify at-risk groups and prevalent risk factors to help address the growing problem of substance use among youth in this region.
Effectiveness of clinical pharmacist intervention on smoking secessionpharmaindexing
The document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of a clinical pharmacist-led smoking cessation intervention program. The study analyzed baseline characteristics of 80 smokers divided into a test and control group. It found that over half of participants in both groups were over 65 years old, all were male, and most worked in business or farming. The pharmacist program helped over half of participants quit smoking at 1 and 3 months, with higher attendance rates linked to higher quit rates. However, steps could be taken to maximize the pharmacist's time while still achieving good patient outcomes. The most common reasons for quitting were health concerns.
Effects of smoking in the public places: a proposal for safe smoking placespaperpublications3
Abstract: This is basically exploratory study and was conducted at Nilkhet, Dhaka city, Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period of two months started from October, 2010 to November, 2010. The main objective of this study is to know the effects of smoking in the public places and propose safe place for smoking. Total 30 respondents were selected based on age class (10 respondents below 30 years, 10 respondents between 30 to 40 years and rest 10 respondents were over 40 years of age). All respondents were interviewed with semi structure questionnaire. Smoking in the public places caused serious problems for second hand smokers including lung cancer, respiratory disorders, coronary heart diseases, bronchitis pneumonia. Lots of effects were mentioned by the respondents. Even it is not well accepted to smoke in the public places. 100% respondents were mentioned that Lung cancer and bronchitis may occur for the second hand smokers due to smoke in the public places. The ultimate results of smoking in the public places for second hand smokers may be Esophagus, coronary heart diseases, oral cavity, larynx and infertility. We may minimize the negative impacts of smoking in the public places or elsewhere but do nothing else. In our survey, 100% respondents were mentioned to make provision of separate room in the hospitals for safe smoking, while 93.33% respondents were mentioned to keep booth on the roadside. 90% respondents were agreed for separate room in the market for safe smoking. Corresponding figure, 83.33% respondents were agreed for separate room in the house and restaurants for safe smoking places instead of open public places.We need to undertake motivational program (using booklets, billboard, seminar/workshop, rally and class room lectures on effects of smoking in the public places) to stop smoking in the public places. There is an urgent need to construct and develop designated places( separate room at restaurants, universities, hospitals, home, cinema halls and special booth in the roadside and parks) the for safer smoking rather than smoking in the public places.
Keywords: Chain smoker; public places; second hand smoker; smoking.
This document summarizes the effects of smoking on periodontium. It discusses how smoking leads to an increased prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases by altering the subgingival biofilm and impairing the host response. Smoking is associated with higher counts of pathogenic bacteria like Tannerella forsythia and increased colonization of sites with shallow pockets. It also negatively impacts the response to periodontal therapy and outcomes are better in smokers who quit. The document provides information on various tobacco products, definitions of smoking status, and smoking rates globally and in India.
cancer in india, cancer trends, trends in cancer in india, economics of tobacco, tobacco economics in india, cancer demographics, cancer demographics in india, tobacco consumption in india, tobacco related cancer deaths, tobacco related cancers, population based cancer registry statistics, comparison of cancer trends in india 1994 vs 2004 vs 2011,
1) Tobacco use is currently the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, with nearly 10,000 deaths per day attributed to tobacco. Developing countries account for 50% of tobacco-related deaths and that number is projected to double over the next 20 years if action is not taken.
2) While tobacco use is generally more prevalent among men globally, recent surveys show the gender gap in smoking rates is narrowing among youth in many countries. Some studies have even found equal or higher rates of smoking among young girls compared to boys.
3) Factors influencing differences in tobacco use patterns between males and females include socially-determined gender roles and norms, mental health issues, weight control concerns, and peer and social influences -
Spread & Ill effects of Smoking: A statistical & Infographical approachDhiraj Jhunjhunwala
1) The document is a research paper on the spread and ill-effects of smoking with a statistical and infographic approach. It includes an introduction, methodology, findings with statistics and graphs, data analysis, and conclusion.
2) The findings section shows statistics on men vs women smokers in India, world smoking statistics, graphs on smoking rates by age and cancer risk by cigarettes smoked. India has over 12 million female smokers, the highest of any country.
3) The data analysis notes the increased cancer risk with higher smoking consumption. India ranks 2nd in the world for smoking rates. Smoking causes the highest economic losses globally compared to terrorism.
Similar to Prevalence and Pattern of Tobacco Use among Adults in an Urban Community (20)
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
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Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
1. The document describes a study that designed a balanced scorecard for a nonprofit organization called Yayasan Pembinaan dan Kesembuhan Batin (YPKB) in Malang, Indonesia.
2. The balanced scorecard translated YPKB's vision and mission into strategic objectives across four perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth.
3. Key strategic objectives included donation growth, budget effectiveness, customer satisfaction, reputation, service quality, innovation, and employee development. Customers perspective had the highest weighting, suggesting a focus on public service over financial growth.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
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Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Prevalence and Pattern of Tobacco Use among Adults in an Urban Community
1. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
Volume 20, Issue 1, Ver. III (Jan. 2015), PP 38-41
e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845.
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20133841 www.iosrjournals.org 38 | Page
Prevalence and Pattern of Tobacco Use among Adults in an
Urban Community
Laishram Jenibala Devi1
, Dr. W. Pradip Kumar Singh2
1
Department of Sociology, Himalayan University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
2
Department of Sociology, Liberal College, Imphal, Manipur, India.
Abstract: Tobacco use is a global pandemic and is the leading cause of preventable death. Most of the deaths
are occurring in the low and middle income countries.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and pattern of tobacco use among adults in an urban community.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using face to face interviews on 403 individuals
aged 18 years and above residing in an urban community of Imphal West, Manipur. Descriptive statistics and
Chi –square test was used for analysis.
Results: The prevalence of ever use of tobacco use was 66.3% and of which 95.5% were current users. Tobacco
was used predominantly in smokeless form (zarda pan, khaini, gutkha) by 85% of the users. Smoked tobacco
was used only by 15% of the users. The commonest influencing factor for tobacco use was peer pressure.
Conclusion: Prevalence of tobacco use in this community was high. There is a need to develop effective health
education and multifactorial tobacco quitting strategies with focus on help and support for those who wish to
quit tobacco.
Keywords: Cross sectional study, prevalence, pattern, tobacco use, urban community, Manipur
I. Introduction`
The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. It kills nearly
six million people a year of whom more than 5 million are users and ex-users and more than 600 000 are non-
smokers exposed to second-hand smoke. Approximately one person dies every six seconds due to tobacco and
this accounts for one in 10 adult deaths. Up to half of current users will eventually die of a tobacco-related
disease. Nearly 80% of the more than one billion smokers worldwide live in low- and middle-income countries,
where the burden of tobacco-related illness and death is heaviest.1
In India, tobacco consumption is responsible
for half of all the cancers in men and a quarter of all cancers in women,2
in addition to being a risk factor for
cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.3,4
India also has one of the highest rates of
oral cancer in the world and it has been partly attributed to high prevalence of tobacco chewing.5,6
The World
Health Organisation predicts that tobacco deaths in India may exceed 1.5 million annually by 2020.7
In recent
years, the prevalence of smoking has been declining in many developed countries.8
But in developing countries
there has been a large increase in the number of young adults starting to smoke and in per capita cigarette
consumption.9
It is high time for the health planners and medical professionals to detect the main force behind
which push our generative population in the clutch of this dreaded killer. So far very few reliable and valid
studies have been conducted in the whole North-East States of India including Manipur. Hence this study was
conducted with the objectives to determine the prevalence and to assess the pattern of tobacco use in an urban
population of Imphal, Manipur.
II. Materials and Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an urban community of Imphal West district of Manipur.
Manipur is in the north-eastern part of India. The study population comprised of all adults aged 18 years and
above residing in this urban community. Sample size was calculated using the formula 4PQ/L2, using a
prevalence of 30% from previous study10
, 95% confidence interval and an allowable error of 5%. Assuming a
non-response rate of 20%, the final calculated sample size was 403. Sampling was done by simple random
sampling method. Sampling frame was prepared from the most recent electoral roll of the state. Data was
collected by face to face interview using a pretested structured questionnaire. The questionnaire had questions
on socio demographic characteristics, form of tobacco used, frequency, duration of tobacco use and reasons for
initiating tobacco use.
Ever user was defined as those who had used any tobacco product in his or her lifetime, even once.
Ever users were again classified as current and past user. Current users were those who have used any tobacco
product anytime in the last 30 days. Past users were those who had used any tobacco product any time in the
past but not within the last 30 days. Never users were those who had never used any form of tobacco.
2. Prevalence and Pattern of Tobacco Use among Adults in an Urban Community
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20133841 www.iosrjournals.org 39 | Page
The various tobacco products mentioned in the study were divided into smoked forms and smokeless
forms. Cigarette and bidi are examples of smoked form of tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is tobacco that is not
burned. It can be chewed, dipped or applied to teeth and gums. There are many types of smokeless tobacco.
They are khaini, zarda pan, pan masala or gutkha to name some. Khaini is a form of chewing tobacco product
which is kept in the mouth between the cheeks and gums. It is tobacco mixed with slaked lime and additional
flavorings. In Zarda pan the main ingredients of pan are the betel leaf, areca nut, slaked lime and catechu.
Sweets and other condiments can also be added. Pan masala or gutkha is a commercial preparation containing
the areca nut, slaked lime, catechu, and condiments, with powdered tobacco. Tobacco leaf in dried form is also
taken along with betel leaf and quid, with or without lime.
For analysis, descriptive statistics like mean, percentages and proportions were used. Chi- square test
was used to see the association between tobacco use and selected variables like age, sex, educational status,
occupation etc. p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Informed consent was taken from all the respondents
and confidentiality was maintained. Approval for the study was granted by Institutional Review Board of
Himalayan University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
III. Results
A total of 403 respondents participated in the study. Of them 60% (n=242) were females. Mean age of
the respondents was 34.62(±13.437) years. More than half of the respondents were in the age group of 20-39
years (n=222, 55%). Majority of the respondents were Hindu by religion (89%). Literacy rate was 90.3% with
over half (55.1%) having more than ten years of schooling. Unemployed males comprised 3%, housewives
comprised 41.2% and manual laborer comprised 10.6% of the total respondents. Majority of the respondents
were ever married (n=303, 75.2%).
Two-third of the respondents have ever used tobacco and the prevalence of current user was found to
be 95.5% (n=255). Of the ever users, 214(80.1%) were daily users. Past users constituted only 4.5% of the ever
users (Table 1).
Smokeless form of tobacco was most commonly used by 85% of the users. Most common form of
smokeless tobacco used was zarda pan (52.6%) followed by khaini (15.7%), gutkha (13.6%) and tobacco leaf
with pan (3.1%). Cigarette and bidi was smoked by 11.9% and 3.1% of the respondents respectively. Mean age
of first use was found to be 24.72(±9.718) years. Minimum and maximum age of first use was found to be 8
years and 61 years respectively. Most of the respondents (44.6%) started using tobacco in the age group of 20-
29 years and 28.8% started using within 10-19 years of age.
Table 2 summarizes the prevalence of ever use of tobacco by socio-demographic characteristics. The
prevalence of tobacco use was 77.6% among men and 58.7% among women (p=0.000). The prevalence of
tobacco use was highest among the age group of 40-49 years as compared to other age groups (p=0.000).
Tobacco use was more prevalent among those who were educated below class ten (76.15%, p=0.004).Among all
the occupations, manual labourers had the highest prevalence of tobacco use (88.4%) followed by those who
were government employed (84.6%). Students had the lowest prevalence of 30.9% (p=0.000). Ever married
respondents had a higher prevalence (73.5%) as compared to unmarried respondents (45%) and this was
statistically significant (p=0.000). Religion and family income were not statistically associated with tobacco use
Peer pressure was named as the most common influencing factor for tobacco use by 45.8% (n=141)
respondents. Other reasons reported were experimentation, imitation of others, for medicinal purpose to relieve
nausea, pain and stress.
Of the total respondents, 315(78.4%) have knowledge of harmful effects of tobacco and majority of
them knew that it causes cancer. Ever users had more knowledge compared to non-users but it was not
statistically significant (p=0.557). Television and radio were the most common source of information about the
harmful effects of tobacco followed by warning on tobacco product packets. Of the current users 84.3% were
willing to quit tobacco.
IV. Discussion
The prevalence of ever use of tobacco in our study was found to be 66.3% and that of current user was
95.5% which is higher than that reported from other parts of the country 10-13,15,16
and elsewhere.6,17,18
The
proportion of past users in our study was 4.5% which is consistent with other studies.12,18
The rate of tobacco
was significantly higher among males as compared to females and this was comparable to other studies.15,18
However this finding was not consistent with another study which claimed that females were more likely to
smoke than males.19
Educational status was significantly associated with tobacco use. This is consistent with observations
that those with lower level of education are more likely to use tobacco.10,12,18,20
In this study, the age wise
prevalence of tobacco use was higher as the age advanced and the highest rate was found in the age group of 40-
3. Prevalence and Pattern of Tobacco Use among Adults in an Urban Community
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20133841 www.iosrjournals.org 40 | Page
49 years and then declined gradually as age advances. Similar finding was also reported by other workers
10,11,12,18
Manual labourers showed a higher rate of tobacco use and this was consistent with other studies.10,18
Those who were ever married had a higher rate of tobacco use as compared to the unmarried respondents. This
may be due to influences of the spouses consuming tobacco. Peer pressure was named as the most common
reason for initiation of tobacco use and similar findings were also reported in other studies.11,21
Smokeless
tobacco was more commonly used as compared to smoked form. Zarda pan and khaini were the most commonly
used form of tobacco in this study and similar findings were also reported.11
The mean age of first use was 24 years which was comparable with other studies.12,18 The higher age
of initiation of tobacco use gives a wider scope for effective health education. Such an approach will be feasible
in the study area as this one is a highly literate community. Of the current users 84.3% were willing to quit
tobacco use which is much higher than reported in other studies.12 Knowledge of harmful effects of tobacco in
the study population was found to be comparable with a study in India12 but this level was lower than that
reported in a study elsewhere.
V. Conclusion
The high prevalence rate of use both among men and women points towards the fact that mere
knowledge about the health hazards is not sufficient to make them stop using tobacco. So there is a need to
develop effective health education and multifactorial tobacco quitting strategies with focus on help and support
for those who wish to quit tobacco.
References
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Epidemiol 1997; 50:203-9.
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Table 1. Prevalence of tobacco use (n=403)
Tobacco use Number Prevalence(%)
Never user 136 33.7
Ever user 267 66.3
Current user 255 95.5
Past user 12 4.5
4. Prevalence and Pattern of Tobacco Use among Adults in an Urban Community
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20133841 www.iosrjournals.org 41 | Page
Table 2. Prevalence and characteristics of the respondents (n=403)
Characteristics Number No. of ever users Prevalence (%) p-value
Gender: Male 161 125 77.6
0.000Female 242 142 58.7
Age group(yrs):
≤19 49 18 36.7
0.000
20-29 115 72 62.6
30-39 107 80 74.8
40-49 70 53 75.7
50-59 35 26 74.3
≥60 27 18 66.7
Education:
Illiterate 39 29 74.4
0.004<ClassX 142 108 76.1
ClassX-XII 146 83 56.8
≥Graduate 76 47 61.8
Occupation:
Unemployed/Housewife 178 117 65.7
0.000Manual laborer 43 38 88.4
Govt. employed 26 22 84.6
Private sector employed 19 12 63.2
Self employed 69 57 82.6
Student 68 21 30.9
Marital status:
Ever married 303 222 73.5 0.000
Unmarried 100 45 45
Religion: Hindu 326 221 67.8
0.17Non- Hindu 77 46 59.7
Monthly Family income (in Rs):
<5000 72 48 66.7
0.5965000-9999 155 100 64.5
10000-14999 64 47 73.4
≥15000 112 72 64.3