An earthquake occurs due to a sudden release of energy and is measured by its magnitude on the moment magnitude scale. Earthquakes can cause significant damage by collapsing buildings, bridges, and houses, and resulting in loss of life. Different types of waves are produced during an earthquake including surface waves and body waves such as P and S waves. The 2011 Tohoku earthquake in northeastern Japan was a magnitude 9.0 quake that caused radiation exposure, loss of life and housing, and damage to businesses and infrastructure, disrupting the economy. It also moved GPS sensors due to elastic rebound theory. Associated tsunamis, caused by displacement of large volumes of water, can reach heights of 120 feet and speeds of 500

1. Dylan Walker, Jake Presson Mrs. Smith 4 April 8, 2011 EARTHQUAKES

2. Basic Background Information What is an earthquake? Is the result of a sudden release of energy. How are earthquakes measured? By moment magnitude. What does magnitude mean? Magnitude How is magnitude measured? Seismograph.

3. Damage Caused by Earthquakes buildings collapsing. Bridges collapsing. Houses crumbling to bits. People dieing.

4. Waves Surface waves. P and s waves. Primary secondary waves.

5. Body Waves Up and down, side to side S waves back and forth S waves move faster.

6. Elastic Rebound How energy is an explanation how energy spread during on earthquakes. Strike slip.

7. The Tohoku Earthquake This quake occurred at : Well, northeast Honshu. This quake occurred : At 4:53 pm. The magnitude of this quake was : 9.0

8. Effects on the environment/earth Trees will fall. The collapse of structures. Shift of the land.

9. Effects on the People of Japan Radiation to people. People will die. People will have no place to live.

10. Effects on the Economy of Japan Destroyed the cities, business open. People can not work. Hard to get around, loss of food.

11. GPS Sensors One interesting fact about this earthquake is that it moved several GPS sensors. This will require a GPS. How does elastic rebound explain this movement? It effects the waves on the GPS.

12. Tsunamis What is a tsunami? Displacement of a large volume of a body of water How do tsunami waves appear at sea? Water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water. How high can tsunami waves be? Up to 120 feet. How fast can tsunami waves move? 500 miles per hour.