The document summarizes information about earthquakes, including how they are caused by movement of tectonic plates underground, measured on the Moment Magnitude Scale, and can cause damage such as landslides, building collapses, and tsunamis. It then discusses the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan, measuring 9.0, which caused a devastating tsunami, landslides, and damage to nuclear power plants and loss of life. The earthquake also moved GPS sensors and disrupted Japan's economy and infrastructure.

1. Earthquakes Hayley Cross and Emily Janis Mrs. Smith 5th hour April 8, 2011

2. Earthquake Background Information What is an earthquake? Earthquakes are the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface. How are earthquakes measured? Earthquakes are measured by seismographs. What does magnitude mean? The measurement of Earthquakes strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults. How is magnitude measured? Magnitude is measured on the Moment Magnitude Scale.

3. Damage Caused by Earthquakes Landslides Building Collapse Tsunamis Power Outages

4. Waves What are earthquake waves called? Seismic Waves What two types of seismic waves are there? Body Waves and Surface Waves What two types of body waves are there? P waves and S waves

5. Body Waves How do P waves travel? They compress and expand like and accordion How do S waves travel? They vibrate up and down as well as side to side. Which move faster? Primary

6. Elastic Rebound A Mechanism used by geologists to explain Earthquakes and surface ruptures, seen when a deep fault’s movement breaks through to the Earth’s surface. They occur at all types of plate boundaries.

7. The Tohoku Earthquake This quake occurred at : March 11, 2011 at 9:10 am eastern time This quake occurred Honshu, Japan The magnitude of this quake was 9.0

8. Effects on the environment/earth It caused a tsunami Surface ruptures Landslides Replace these words with an appropriate image. Replace these words with an appropriate image. Replace these words with an appropriate image.

9. Effects on the People of Japan Oiling Blackouts Damage of nuclear power plants Losses of Hundreds of thousands of lives Replace these words with an appropriate image. Replace these words with an appropriate image. Replace these words with an appropriate image.

10. Effects on the Economy of Japan Production is expected to decrease High costs of rebuilding. Disruption of power and water

11. GPS Sensors One interesting fact about this earthquake is that it moved several GPS sensors. This will require All of the GPS sensors to be reset How does elastic rebound explain this movement? It can detect an objects ability to return to its original shape.

12. Tsunamis What is a tsunami? A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake or other disturbances. How do tsunami waves appear at sea? Very small How high can tsunami waves be? From 30 to 300 feet How fast can tsunami waves move? 30 to 500 mph

13. Websites Used ttp://www.diigo.com/user/richardsj/earthquake