The document summarizes the effects of earthquakes, including how they are measured on the moment-magnitude scale and the damage they can cause through falling objects, landslides, and collapsed buildings. It also discusses the different types of seismic waves like P and S waves, and how the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan with a magnitude of 9.0 affected the local environment, economy, and population.

1. Effects of Earthquakes David Bellon Mrs. Smith 5th hour April 8, 2011

2. About Earthquakes What is an earthquake? Shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface How are earthquakes measured? A device that converts ground movements into a signal that is recorded and printed. This is called a seismograph What does magnitude mean? The measurement of the Earthquakes sttrenght based on seismic waves How is magnitude measured? The moment-magnitude scale measures magnitude

3. Damage Caused by Earthquakes Can cause unstable objects to fall Dramatic ground movements can cause landslides Buildings can collapse Undersea Earthquakes can send tsunamis onto the land.

4. Waves What are earthquake waves called? Seismic waves What two types of seismic waves are there? P Waves, Primary Waves. S Waves, Secondary Waves. What two types of body waves are there? When P and S Waves arrive at the surface, some of them turn into Surface Waves

5. Body Waves How do P waves travel? P Waves compress and expand and can travel through solids and liquids, these arrive at the surface first How do S waves travel? S Waves vibrate side to side and up and down and can only travel through solids Which move faster? P Waves

6. Elastic Rebound States that Tectonic Plates move relative to each other Transform Boundary

7. The Tohoku Earthquake This quake occurred at : Friday March 11, 2011 5:46 P.M. This quake occurred Northeast of Honshu The magnitude of this quake was 9.0

8. Effects on the environment/earth Japans coastline may have shifted 4 meters Probably shifted the Earth’s axis by 6.5 inches Made the day shorter by 1.8 millionth of a second

9. Effects on the People of Japan Many people died There is a need for food and water Need to find family

10. Effects on the Economy of Japan Type one effect here Type one effect here Type one effect here Replace these words with an appropriate image. Replace these words with an appropriate image. Replace these words with an appropriate image.

11. GPS Sensors One interesting fact about this earthquake is that it moved several GPS sensors. This will require …(Type answer here) How does elastic rebound explain this movement? Type your answer here .

12. Tsunamis What is a tsunami? Type your answer here. You can erase the question. How do tsunami waves appear at sea? Type your answer here. You can erase the question. How high can tsunami waves be? Type your answer here. You can erase the question. How fast can tsunami waves move? Type your answer here. You can erase the question.

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