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Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, which proposes that organisms evolve over generations through a process of natural selection acting on random genetic mutations. Herbert Spencer later applied Darwin's ideas about "survival of the fittest" to human societies, proposing that more advanced societies would dominate less advanced ones, providing justification for imperialism. In contrast, a welfare state is a form of government where the state plays a key role in protecting citizens' economic and social well-being through policies like public services, wealth redistribution, and support for those unable to provide for themselves. While social Darwinism focuses on individuals competing against each other, a welfare state aims to provide for citizens collectively without discrimination.
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Presentation1
- 1. Charles Darwin Herbet Spencer
- 2. What is Darwinism? • It is a theory which says ‘Survival of the Fittest’. Which is basically based on evolution of species by natural selection which was given by charles darwin. • He was an English naturalist, geologist and biologistbest known for his contributions to the science of evolution. • According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, only the plants and animals best adapted to their environment will survive to reproduce and transfer their genes to the next generation. Animals and plants that are poorly adapted to their environment will not survive to reproduce. This theory was only based on the plants and animals until 1871.
- 3. • After 1871 he published a book named “Descent of Men” in which he said all the creatures including man come from some ancient common ancestor in other words he attacks the idea that had been a major part of Christian beliefs since the very beginning that man had a special place given by the god in this universe. And now people were not accepting that the man is also an another animal which is evolved by the other animals. Because of which his name became controversial
- 4. What is Social Darwinism? • A guy named Herbert Spencer decided to apply Darwin’s ideas of ‘Survival of the Fittest’ to human societies. He came up with this theory that those societies which were more fit to survive would advance farther than societies that did not.The societies that are more advanced will takeover them and will dominate them. • In his eyes doing that was okay because that was the natural way of things for a very long time it was used as sort of the moral justification for the age of imperlism in which European countries went out and colonised those area which they think were less developed and less evolved. Beacuse of which World War 1 was taken place.
- 5. Welfare State • The welfare state is a form of government in which the state protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of the citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life . Sociologist T. H. Marshall described the modern welfare state as a distinctive combination of democracy, welfare, and capitalism.
- 6. • It’s a concept of government in which the state or a well-established network of social institutions plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The general term may cover a variety of forms of economic and social organization.
- 7. • The principal problems in the administration of a welfare state are: determining the desirable level of provision of services by the state; ensuring that the system of personal benefits and contributions meets the needs of individuals and families while at the same time offering sufficient incentives for productive work; ensuring efficiency in the operation of state monopolies and bureaucracies; and the equitable provision of resources to finance the services over and above the contributions of direct beneficiaries
- 8. Social Darwinism Vs Welfare State •Social darwinism is a theory which says that only the people who are fit can survive in this world. • Based onindividual. • Exploited by rich people. •People who are superior dominate here. •Welfare state is a state which provides the welfare of the citizen. • It is ruled by government •There is no discrimination between poor and rich. •No interference in individuals personal and professional life.