Presentation done by Kim Boes, during "Smart Tourism" workshop, of the ENTER2015 eTourism conference.

1. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 1
Conceptualising Smart Tourism Destination
Dimensions
Kim Boes, Dimitrios Buhalis & Alessandro Inversini
eTourism Lab
Bournemouth University, UK

2. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 2
-Introduction-
• Smart Tourism Destination initiated from Smart Cities
• Increase Competitiveness & Quality of life
Economic, Social & Environmental prosperity (e.g. Caragliu et al, 2011;
Nam
and Pardo 2011)
• Research on Smart Tourism Destinations is elusive
– Technological component prevails

3. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 3
ICT Infra/Infostructure
Physical Environment
Sensors
Telecommunications network
Data Storage
Applications
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4. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 4
Research focusing on Smart Tourism Destinations is elusive
and the technology component prevails
This research aimed at exploring the core components of Smart
Tourism Destinations
- Problem Statement -

5. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 5
Research Approach
• Multiple-case study analysis
– Barcelona
– Amsterdam
– Helsinki
• Sampling
– European study “Mapping Smart Cities in Europe” (2014)
– Smart City ranking by Boyd Cohen (2014)
- Methodology -

6. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 6
Research Approach
- Methodology -
Step 1
Select Smart Cities
for the case study
analysis
Barcelona
Amsterdam
Helsinki
Step 2
1. Develop a
coding scheme
based on secondary
literature
2. Conduct content
analysis on existing
government
documents,
academic resources
and Internet sources
Step 3
• Within-case
examination
• Cross-case
examination
• Comparison to
existing literature

7. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 7
Smart City Case Study Sources
Barcelona Bakici, T., Almirall, E. & Wareham, J. (2013). A Smart City Initiative: the Case of
Barcelona
Department of Business Innovation & Skills (2013). Global Innovators: International
Case Studies on Smart Cities
European Parliament (2014). Mapping Smart Cities in the EU
PWC (2014). Barcelona as a Smart City Lessons learned from the evolution of the
concept and the influence in the city attractiveness
Amsterdam Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS) (2014)
Baron, G. (2013). “Smartness” from the bottom up a few insights into the Amsterdam
Smart City Programme
Dameri, R.P. (2014). Comparing Smart and Digital City: Initiatives and Strategies in
Amsterdam and Genoa. Are They Digital and/or Smart
Helsinki Hielkema, H. & Hongisto, P. (2012). Developing the Helsinki Smart City: The Role
of Competitions for Open Data Applications
Schaffers, H., Komninos, M, & Pallot, M. (2012). Smart Cities as Innovation
Ecosystems Sustained by the Future Internet
ENoLL (2014). Helsinki Living Lab – Forum Virium Helsinki
- Methodology -

8. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 8
Core Components of Smartness
• Technology
• Innovation & Entrepreneurship
• Social Capital
• Human Capital
• Leadership
- Findings -

9. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 9
Innovation & Entrepreneurship
• Importance of an innovation ecosystem
• Living Labs
– Geographical area collectively creating innovative
developments
• District 22@ - Barcelona
• Helsinki – e.g. Arabianranta
- Findings -

10. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 10
Social Capital
• Willingness and commitment to collaborate
– Importance of a collaborative network
• Collaboration, co-creation & co-development
• Co-opetition, where there is a combination of
collaboration and competition offering greater
opportunities
• Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS) -
collaboration between TU Delft & Wageningen UR, MIT &
independent research group TNO
- Findings -

11. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 11
Human Capital
• Smart Destinations are driven by Human Capital
• Smart People are at the core of the success
– Co-create innovations in a network of smart people
- Findings -

12. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 12
Leadership
• Combination of Bottom-Up and Top-Down approach
– Slight differences between the three cities
• Initiated by the community
• Supported and sustained via government and
organisations
– Participatory governance
- Findings -

13. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 13
Smartness takes advantage of the interconnectivity and interoperability
of integrated technologies
It collects, processes and stores data to shape products and services in
real-time
By simultaneously engaging different stakeholders
To optimise the collective performance and competitiveness and
generate value via dynamic co-creation for all involved
- Definition Smartness -

14. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 14
A Smart Tourism Destination successfully implements smartness which is
• fostered by open innovation
• supported by investments in human and social capital
• sustained by participatory governance
to develop the collective competitiveness of tourism destinations and to
enhance
• economic
• social
• environmental prosperity
- Definition Smart Tourism Destination -

15. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 15
- Conclusion -
• Solely integrating ICT within a tourist destination will not suffice
to become a Smart Tourism Destination
• Smart Tourism Destinations require fundamental concepts
– Human Capital
– Leadership
– Social Capital
– Innovation & Entrepreneurship
• Advanced ICT infrastructures e.g. Cloud & Edge Computing &
Sensors provide the essential infrastructure for developing a
Smart Tourism Destination

16. ENTER 2015 Research Track Slide Number 16
Kim Boes
eTourism Lab
Bournemouth University, UK
kboes@bournemouth.ac.uk