2. Concept of Plant Layout:
Plant Layout is a plan for effective utilisation of facilities
to manufacture the products; involving a most efficient
and economical arrangements of machines, materials,
personnel, storage space and all supporting services,
within available floor space.
3. Principles of Plant Layout:
While designing the plant layout , the following principles
must be kept in view:
• Principle of Minimum Distance.
• Principle of Maximum Security.
• Principal of Maximum Use of Volume.
• Principle of Maximum Flexibility.
• Principle of Maximum Visibility.
• Principle of Maximum Accesbility.
4. Types of Plant Layout :
1.Product Layout.
2.Process Layout.
3.Combination Layout.
4.Fixed Position Layout.
5.Cellular Manufacturing Layout.
5. 1. Product Layout(or Line Layout):
In this layout the processing equipments & machine
are arranged to the sequence of operations of a
product. This types of layout manufactures, only one
product or only one type of product & product must be
standardized and produced in large quantities in order
to justify the product layout.
6. 1. Product Layout (or Line Layout) :
For example :- In the manufacturing process of a car, the car body goes
from one stage of production to the next. Employees at each stage work
on the car and then pass it on to the next stage.
7. 2. Process Layout(or Functional Layout):
This layout is particularly useful where line volume of
production is needed. If goods are not standardized, the layout
is more desirable, because it has greater process flexibility
than other. In this type of layout the machines are not
arranged to the sequence of operations but are arranged to
nature or types of the operation. This layout is suitable for
non-repetitive jobs.
8. 2. Process Layout(or Functional Layout):
For example, a machine shop with mills located together,
lathes located together, saws located together, and so on, is
arranged with a process layout.
9. 3. Combination Layout:
A combination of process and product layouts combines the
advantages of both types of layouts. A combination layout is
possible where an item is being made in different types and
sizes. Here machinery is arranged in a process layout but the
process grouping is then arranged in a sequence to
manufacture various types and sizes of products. It is to be
noted that the sequence of operations remains same with the
variety of products and sizes.
10. 3. Combination Layout :
In this layout clay,bauxite,iron ore,limestone is processed, then
all these materials are brought at one place for the further
process.
11. In this type of layout, the major product being produced is
fixed at one location. Equipment , labour and components
are moved to that location. All facilities are brought and
arranged around one work centre.The movement of men
and machines to the product is advisable because the cost
of moving time would be less than the cost of moving the
product, which is bulky. This type of layout is not relevant
for small scale entrepreneur.
4. Fixed Position Layout.
12. 4. Fixed Position Layout :
Examples of this type of project are a ship, a highway, a
bridge, a house, and an operating table in a hospital
operating room.
13. 5. Cellular Manufacturing Layout :
Cellular Manufacturing is a type of layout where machines are
grouped according to the process requirements for a set of
similar items that require similar processing. These groups are
called cells. After being processed in the cell, the finished
products may go on to another cell. Therefore, a cellular layout
is an equipment layout configured to support cellular
Manufacturing.
14. 5. Cellular Manufacturing Layout :
For example :- In specialist computer component manufacturing unit.
The processing and assembling of some types of computer
components may need a dedicated cell for manufacturing pata to the
quality requirements of a particular customer
