Wild Life: Definition, Causes of distruction, protection, management and organisations associated with wildlife protection.

2.  Term coined by WILLIAM HORNADY (1913)
 Book named “OUR VANISHING WILD LIFE”

3. DEFENITIONS
 Webster's dictionary
-”as living things that are neither human nor
domesticated specially mammals, birds and fishes
hunted by man.”
 IBWL(1970)
-”as the entire native uncultivated flora and fauna
of the country”
 Wild life protection act(1972)
-”any animal – bees, butterflies, crustacean, fishes
and moth- and aquatic and land vegetation which
form a part of any habitat.”

4. INDIA
 Home of
- 7.6% of mammals
- 12.6% of birds
- 6.2% of reptiles
- 6% of flowering plants
--- 172% of IUCN recommended threatened
species are seen in INDIA

5. IMPORTANCE OF WILD LIFE
-maintenance of biodiversity
-good source of income as tourism, wildlife products
-good genetic resource
-genetic, species and ecosystem level biodiversity of
organisms
-ample materials for scientific studies and researches
-aesthetic and recreational value

6. REASONS FOR EXTINCTION
NATURAL ANTRAPOGENIC
• Forest fire • Deforestation
• Earthquake • Pollution
• Successional • Hunting
progress • Fetching of trees
• Flood • Sand mining
• Draught • Depletion of
• Diseases habitats
• Climatic variation • Desertification etc..
etc..

7. MAJOR REASONS FOR WILD LIFE
DESTRUCTION
Holocene mass
destruction
HABITAT
OVERKILL
DESTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION
CHAINS OF
OF NEW
DESTRUCTION
SPECIES

9. DEFENITIONS
 The journal of wildlife
management(1957)
- it is a part of the greater movement
for conservation of our entire native
flora and fauna
 Aldo Leopold(1933) in his book
“Game management”
- “ …the art of making land produce
sustained annual crops to wild games
for recreational use”

10. PRINCIPLES OF WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT
• area
Maintenance of Managing desirable &
• No. of organisms succession stages • Prevention of undesirable species
hunting
• Preservation of • Reforestation • reintroduction of
each community • Control of diseases endemic species
( from pioneer to • Managing exotic
climax Control & species
Carrying capacity community) preservation of
habitat

11. Aims of wildlife
 Protection of natural habitats through management
controlled, limited exploitation of
species
 Maintenance of the viable number of
species in the protected areas
 Establishment of biosphere reserves for
plants and animals
 Protection through legislation

13. ORGANISATIONS FOR
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
Non – Governmental organizations

14. Bombay Natural History
Society(BNHS)
• Founded in 1883
• Collection of specimens of flora and
fauna of India, Burma and Sreelanka
Wildlife Preservation Society
of India
• Founded in 1958
• Protection of habitats of rare and
endangered species

15. World Wildlife Fund- Nature India(WWF)
• World level 1961(Glands, Switzerland)
• Recommended by IUCN
• In India 1969 (Bombay)
• In Kerala 1986

16. WORKS OF NGOS
 Pilighit, Uttarpradesh
 30 tigers, 127 animals, 556 bird species, and 2100
flowering plants
 6 million people depend on this forest for their livelihood
 The area is of high conservation value
 NGOs organized PSS [Paryavaran Sudhar Santhan]
 Aims
-protection of wildlife, endangered sp. And habitat
-surveying, implementing and monitoring conservation
programs
 Supported by
-WWF-tiger emergency fund
-UP Forest Department

18.  Central Board for Wildlife(CBWL) in 1952
 Redesignated as Indian Board for Wildlife(IBWL)
- advisory committee to govt. in the subject of
wildlife
 Legislation in 1972 Wildlife (protection) act
- endemic and endangered fauna
- setting up NPs and WLSs
- State wildlife advisory board
- trade of wild animals and their products
- regulation of hunting

19.  Amendment of 1991
 included flora under the act
 Later in 1993 and 2002
 Creation of 2 types of reserves
1. community reserves
2. conservation reserves
 42nd amendment of Constitution in 1976
 brought wildlife and forest under concurrent list
 India become a party in CITES in 1976
 Control in the trade of endangered species
 Conservation of threatened species
 Project tiger(1973)
 Project elephant(1992)
 Project crocodile
 Rehabilitation of Rhinos

21.  Amendment of Wildlife (protection) act
2002
 State government can declare conservation
reserves
 Under IBWL, each state has a State Board
for Wild Life
it can advise the state government
 In selection and management of protected areas
 In the formation of policies for protection
 In harmonizing the measures of protection with
the needs of local people
 Any matter connected with wildlife