The document discusses the evolution and definitions of wildlife, including its significance for biodiversity, tourism, and scientific research. It outlines the causes and consequences of wildlife extinction, the principles of wildlife management, and the roles of various organizations in conservation efforts in India, such as the Wildlife Protection Act and NGOs. Key initiatives like Project Tiger and Project Elephant emphasize the urgent need for habitat protection and species conservation.

2.  Term coined by WILLIAM HORNADY (1913)
 Book named “OUR VANISHING WILD LIFE”

3. DEFENITIONS
 Webster's dictionary
-”as living things that are neither human nor
domesticated specially mammals, birds and fishes
hunted by man.”
 IBWL(1970)
-”as the entire native uncultivated flora and fauna
of the country”
 Wild life protection act(1972)
-”any animal – bees, butterflies, crustacean, fishes
and moth- and aquatic and land vegetation which
form a part of any habitat.”

4. INDIA
 Home of
- 7.6% of mammals
- 12.6% of birds
- 6.2% of reptiles
- 6% of flowering plants
--- 172% of IUCN recommended threatened
species are seen in INDIA

5. IMPORTANCE OF WILD LIFE
-maintenance of biodiversity
-good source of income as tourism, wildlife products
-good genetic resource
-genetic, species and ecosystem level biodiversity of
organisms
-ample materials for scientific studies and researches
-aesthetic and recreational value

6. REASONS FOR EXTINCTION
NATURAL ANTRAPOGENIC
• Forest fire • Deforestation
• Earthquake • Pollution
• Successional • Hunting
progress • Fetching of trees
• Flood • Sand mining
• Draught • Depletion of
• Diseases habitats
• Climatic variation • Desertification etc..
etc..

7. MAJOR REASONS FOR WILD LIFE
DESTRUCTION
Holocene mass
destruction
HABITAT
OVERKILL
DESTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION
CHAINS OF
OF NEW
DESTRUCTION
SPECIES

9. DEFENITIONS
 The journal of wildlife
management(1957)
- it is a part of the greater movement
for conservation of our entire native
flora and fauna
 Aldo Leopold(1933) in his book
“Game management”
- “ …the art of making land produce
sustained annual crops to wild games
for recreational use”

10. PRINCIPLES OF WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT
• area
Maintenance of Managing desirable &
• No. of organisms succession stages • Prevention of undesirable species
hunting
• Preservation of • Reforestation • reintroduction of
each community • Control of diseases endemic species
( from pioneer to • Managing exotic
climax Control & species
Carrying capacity community) preservation of
habitat

11. Aims of wildlife
 Protection of natural habitats through management
controlled, limited exploitation of
species
 Maintenance of the viable number of
species in the protected areas
 Establishment of biosphere reserves for
plants and animals
 Protection through legislation

13. ORGANISATIONS FOR
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
Non – Governmental organizations

14. Bombay Natural History
Society(BNHS)
• Founded in 1883
• Collection of specimens of flora and
fauna of India, Burma and Sreelanka
Wildlife Preservation Society
of India
• Founded in 1958
• Protection of habitats of rare and
endangered species

15. World Wildlife Fund- Nature India(WWF)
• World level 1961(Glands, Switzerland)
• Recommended by IUCN
• In India 1969 (Bombay)
• In Kerala 1986

16. WORKS OF NGOS
 Pilighit, Uttarpradesh
 30 tigers, 127 animals, 556 bird species, and 2100
flowering plants
 6 million people depend on this forest for their livelihood
 The area is of high conservation value
 NGOs organized PSS [Paryavaran Sudhar Santhan]
 Aims
-protection of wildlife, endangered sp. And habitat
-surveying, implementing and monitoring conservation
programs
 Supported by
-WWF-tiger emergency fund
-UP Forest Department

18.  Central Board for Wildlife(CBWL) in 1952
 Redesignated as Indian Board for Wildlife(IBWL)
- advisory committee to govt. in the subject of
wildlife
 Legislation in 1972 Wildlife (protection) act
- endemic and endangered fauna
- setting up NPs and WLSs
- State wildlife advisory board
- trade of wild animals and their products
- regulation of hunting

19.  Amendment of 1991
 included flora under the act
 Later in 1993 and 2002
 Creation of 2 types of reserves
1. community reserves
2. conservation reserves
 42nd amendment of Constitution in 1976
 brought wildlife and forest under concurrent list
 India become a party in CITES in 1976
 Control in the trade of endangered species
 Conservation of threatened species
 Project tiger(1973)
 Project elephant(1992)
 Project crocodile
 Rehabilitation of Rhinos

21.  Amendment of Wildlife (protection) act
2002
 State government can declare conservation
reserves
 Under IBWL, each state has a State Board
for Wild Life
it can advise the state government
 In selection and management of protected areas
 In the formation of policies for protection
 In harmonizing the measures of protection with
the needs of local people
 Any matter connected with wildlife