Presentation on taal volcano preparedness activities
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This was presented by the PADC at the TVPL PAMB meeting. Drills have been conducted as well as a full census of residents on volcano island.
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Volcanic eruptions can have both positive and negative effects. While eruptions can cause destruction and loss of life through lava flows and ash, they can also have environmental benefits. The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo cooled the Earth's surface for two years by releasing particles into the atmosphere. Eruptions also enrich soil quality over time and have inspired human creativity, as seen with artifacts made from Mount Pinatubo's ashfall. When monitoring for impending eruptions, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology watches for signs like increased seismic activity, changes in steaming or hot springs, and ground swelling near active volcanoes.
Geohazards
Geohazards are natural hazards caused by geological processes of the Earth, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, landslides, and tsunamis. These events can cause significant loss of life and property damage when they occur. Some geohazards like volcanoes and cyclones may be predicted by monitoring warning signs like changes in gases, small earthquakes, and swelling of the volcano. Major earthquakes typically occur along fault lines and are followed by aftershocks. Volcanic eruptions pose hazards from pyroclastic flows, lahars, and tsunamis they can trigger. Landslides involve the breakdown and downhill movement of rock and debris. Tsunamis are gravity waves
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The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. It forms a horseshoe shape around the Pacific Ocean basin, and is associated with oceanic trenches. Around 90% of the world's earthquakes and 80% of the largest earthquakes happen along the Ring of Fire. Countries like Chile, Mexico, Japan, the Philippines, and the United States have experienced major volcanic eruptions and earthquakes due to tectonic plate subduction processes along the Ring of Fire.
What is an Earthquake.docx
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates deep underground. The location where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the point directly above on the surface is the epicenter. Earthquakes can cause significant damage through ground shaking, surface ruptures, landslides, liquefaction, tsunamis and fires. While earthquakes also lead to some benefits like forming natural springs and mineral resources, they typically have many negative effects such as damage to buildings and infrastructure, loss of lives, and economic impacts.
Volcanoes
Volcanic eruptions occur when hot molten rock (magma) rises from below the Earth's surface and reaches the vent of a volcano. The type of eruption depends on the viscosity and gas content of the magma. Explosive eruptions are driven by gas and throw ash and rock into the air, generating pyroclastic flows that can travel long distances and devastate areas. Effusive eruptions gently flow lava. Volcanoes are monitored for seismic activity, deformation, and gas emissions to provide warning of impending eruptions and help mitigate hazards like ash falls, pyroclastic flows, lava flows, lahars, earthquakes, and noxious gases.
Active and inactive faults
The document discusses "The Big One", a potentially powerful earthquake that could hit Metro Manila. It explains that earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates underground. The West Valley Fault runs through Metro Manila and could produce a 7.2 magnitude earthquake capable of shaking the entire region. The document provides details on fault types, earthquake measurement scales, seismic waves, and tips for preparing for and surviving earthquakes and typhoons.
3.4.1 Earthquake Hazards
The document discusses tectonic plate processes and earthquakes. It describes how earthquakes occur at plate boundaries due to stresses from plate movements. Earthquakes at divergent boundaries pose little risk while those at convergent boundaries can be very hazardous, as seen in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake that killed over 10,000 people. The document also discusses earthquake measurement scales, the different types of seismic waves, and secondary hazards like tsunamis, landslides and liquefaction that can amplify earthquake damage.
volcanic erruption
Volcanic eruptions occur when magma reaches the Earth's surface through cracks in the crust. They can be devastating in the short term but also beneficial in the long run by enriching soils. Two main types are shield volcanoes, which erupt gently and form low slopes, and composite volcanoes with alternating lava and ash layers that can produce deadly pyroclastic flows. The eruption of Yellowstone supervolcano thousands of years ago was catastrophic globally. Montserrat was devastated in the 1990s when the Soufriere Hills volcano erupted, destroying the capital and forcing mass evacuations, though it has since calmed and rebuilding is underway.
report-group-1.pptx
Volcanic eruptions can have devastating primary, secondary, and tertiary effects. Primary effects include lava flows, which destroy everything in their path; pyroclastic flows, which are deadly hot clouds that flatten forests and buildings; and volcanic gases, which can cause acid rain and pollution. Secondary effects arise from primary effects and include landslides, tsunamis caused by underwater landslides, and lahars, which are deadly mudflows. Tertiary effects develop later and include famine from crop damage, disease from population displacement, long-term changes to landscape, and atmospheric effects like short-term global cooling from volcanic ash and gases injected into the atmosphere. Preparedness and risk reduction are important to mitigate these
Kilauea volcano
Kilauea volcano is the youngest and most active volcano located on the southern part of the Island of Hawaii. It has been erupting nearly continuously since 1983 from its summit and two rift zones, producing frequent lava flows. Kilauea is a large shield volcano characterized by low-explosivity eruptions of mafic lava that form gentle slopes due to its high magma content and ability to easily release gases.
Plate Tectonics: An Introduction
The document provides information about plate tectonics, including tectonic events, hazards, and disasters. It discusses different types of earthquake and volcanic hazards such as ground shaking, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and tsunamis. It also covers factors that influence people's perceptions of natural hazards, including magnitude, frequency, duration, and speed of onset. Areas that experience frequent, high magnitude events over a large area are more alert to hazards, while rare, moderate events are more easily forgotten. Locations are more vulnerable if the population, infrastructure, and economy are exposed and sensitive to hazards. Where natural hazards coincide with high vulnerability, disasters are more likely to occur.
Volcano
Volcanoes form when magma rises up from below the Earth's crust and erupts. There are three main types of volcanic eruptions that differ based on the speed and viscosity of the magma: magmatic, phreatomagmatic, and phreatic. Monitoring volcanoes for changes in shape, temperature, and seismic activity can help predict eruptions and allow for evacuation planning to reduce risk to humans. The largest volcanic eruption in history was the Lake Toba eruption in Indonesia around 75,000 years ago.
EARTHS MOVEMENTS AND CHANGING LANDFORMS- 1.pptx
The document discusses landforms created by internal and external forces on Earth. Internal forces like plate tectonics cause volcanoes and earthquakes and form mountains over long periods. The theory of plate tectonics explains how continents split apart from a supercontinent and drifted to their current positions. Most volcanoes are located on the Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean where tectonic plates are subducting under each other.
Josh Matthew's Project In Science
The document summarizes information about earthquakes and volcanoes. It discusses what causes earthquakes, provides examples of major earthquakes including photos, and describes effects like ground shaking, surface faulting, liquefaction, landslides, fires, and tsunamis. It also defines what a volcano is, describes the different parts of a volcano, classifies the main types of volcanoes, and explains volcanic eruptions and their products. Safety tips are also mentioned. Maps of fault zones in the Philippines are presented.
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Presentation on taal volcano preparedness activities
- 1. UPDATES ON THE STATUS OF TAAL VOLCANO
- 2. TAAL VOLCANO ISLAND : 23 square kilometers or 2,300 Ha in area; highest point of the island: 311 meters above sea level (SW rim of the Main Crater). The volcano – geomorphic features of the island suggest that there are at least 35 eruption cones and 47 craters of depressions formed either by direct explosive eruptions or collapsed subsidence. The underwater bathymetry suggests the presence of about 35 different volcanic landforms. This strongly indicates that eruption centers of Taal Volcano are numerous, complex and may erupt from any other points. MAIN CRATER : 1.9 km in diameter; and TAAL CALDERA : 25 km across. GENERAL INFORMATION
- 3. 23 square kilometers or 2,300 Ha
- 4. Calawit San Isidro/Pulo Pulang Bato Alas-as Tabla
- 7. Map of eruption centers of Taal Volcano
- 10. Ashfall and ballistic projectiles Houses covered covered with asfall deposits during the 1965 eruption
- 11. Lava flows during the 1968 and 1969 eruptions Eruption site: Mt. Tabaro Lava flows
- 12. LAVA FOUNTAINING
- 14. Effect s of base surge at Taal Volcano during the 1911 and 1965 eruptions Taal base surge, 1965 PYROCLASTIC FLOW/ BASE SURGE - turbulent mass of ejected fragmented volcanic materials (ash and rocks), mixed with hot gases that flow downslope/ away from crater at very high speed ( > 60 kph)
- 16. The 1965 eruption of Taal Volcano generated a seiche at Taal Lake killing several people crossing the lake. Seiches/Tsunami and flooding 1911 – generated seiches 2.5-3.0 m high above lake level 1965 – generated seiches 4.7 m high above the lake level and swept inshore as much as 80 m
- 17. Taal Volcano Alert Signals Alert Level Criteria Interpretation 0 Background, quiet No eruption in foreseeable future. 1 Low level seismicity, fumarolic, other activity Magmatic, tectonic or hydrothermal disturbance; no eruption imminent. 2 Low to moderate level of seismicity, persistence of local but unfelt earthquakes. Ground deformation measurements above baseline levels. Increased water and/or ground probe hole temperatures, increased bubbling at Crater Lake. A) Probable magmatic intrusion; could eventually lead to an eruption. B) If trend shows further decline, volcano may soon go to level 1 3 Relatively high unrest manifested by seismic swarms including increasing occurrence of low frequency earthquakes and/or harmonic tremor (some events felt). Sudden or increasing changes in temperature or bubbling activity or radon gas emission or crater lake pH. Bulging of the edifice and fissuring may accompany seismicity. A) If trend is one of increasing unrest, eruption is possible within days to weeks. B) If trend is one of decreasing unrest, volcano may soon go to level 2 4 Intense unrest, continuing seismic swarms, including harmonic tremor and/or “low frequency earthquakes” which are usually felt, profuse steaming along existing and perhaps new vents and fissures. Hazardous explosive eruption is possible within days. 5 Base surges accompanied by eruption columns or lava fountaining or lava flows. Hazardous eruption in progress. Extreme hazards to communities west of the volcano and ashfalls on downwind sectors.
- 19. Close-up photo of existing steaming vent
- 20. PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES ON TAAL VOLCANO ERUPTION
- 22. CONSOLIDATED INVENTORY OF RESOURCES BY SECTOR/COMMITTEE
- 24. ESTABLISHMENT OF INCIDENT/ADVANCED COMMAND POST/ SYSTEM (ICP/ACP)
- 25. FLOW OF INFORMATION/ COMMUNICATION
- 26. EVACUATION BRIEFING AND DRILL
- 27. THANK YOU….