The document discusses the propaganda model, defining propaganda as biased information aimed at influencing audiences and presenting specific agendas. It outlines the historical use of propaganda from ancient times through the Cold War, highlighting its role in ideological battles, particularly between capitalism and communism. The document further examines the characteristics of propaganda, its sources, and its evolution into modern contexts, including the war on terror.

1. Propaganda Model
By:
M. Mashhood
MS Scholar, Riphah Institute of Media Sciences,
Riphah International University, Islamabad.

2. Propaganda Model

4. What is Propaganda?
Propaganda is an information that is not
impartial and used primarily to influence an
audience and further an agenda, often by
presenting facts selectively to encourage a
particular synthesis, or using loaded messages
to produce an emotional rather than rational
response to the information presented.
Propaganda can be used as a form of ideological
or commercial warfare.

5. History:
• Ancient Greek commander Themistocles, in 480
BCE, used a disinformation campaign to deceive
his enemy Xerxes into delaying actions.
Alexander used images of himself on statues,
monuments and coins as propaganda. Pope
Urban II used religious propaganda to stir up
support for the Crusades (12th & 13th centuries).
From the Napoleonic Wars through the U.S. Civil
War, propaganda was used extensively and
effectively. In the 19th century, the political
cartoon emerged as a very effective form of
Propaganda.

6. After the World war I, II the major two ideological system came
in to ground Capitalism and Communism.
• Capitalism is an economic system in which
trade, industry, and the means of production
are largely or entirely privately owned and
operated for profit. Central characteristics of
capitalism include capital accumulation,
competitive markets and wage labour. In a
capitalist economy, the parties to a
transaction typically determine the prices at
which assets, goods, and services are
exchanged.

7. Propaganda Anti Capitalism

8. • Communism: (from Latin communis – common,
universal) is a socioeconomic system structured
upon common ownership of the means of
production and characterized by the absence of
social classes, money, and the state; as well as a
social, political and economic ideology and
movement that aims to establish this social order.
The movement to develop communism, in its
Marxist–Leninist interpretations, significantly
influenced the history of the 20th century, which
saw intense rivalry between the states which
claimed to follow this ideology and their enemies.

9. • Anti-communist propaganda in a 1947 comic book published by the Catechetical
Guild Educational Society warning of "the dangers of a Communist takeover".

10. Propaganda characteristic:
• Ownership of the medium
• Medium's funding sources
• Sourcing
• Flak
• Anti-communism and fear ideology

11. 1. Size, ownership, and profit
orientation
• International Ownership: BBC, CNN, FOX,
Washington Post, Time etc.
• National: PTV, Jang Group, Express, ARY.....
• Regional: PTV National, AVT Khyber, and
Pashto1, also on the border side people watch
the Afghan TV’s channel of Pashto.

12. 2. Advertising, Publicity
• The Media Using for Publicity:
• Islamic Values, Corruption.
• Taxes, Degrees, Bank Loans, NROs, Mehran
Bank Scandal.
• Paid the Holy works like Making, Masajid,
Hospitals, Gives Foods, help for the poor
people etc.
• For Example NROs have 8043 Cases KPK has
only 3 cases and the Change came in KPK.

13. 3. Sourcing of mass media
• Source for news collection:
• Free lance reporting by Payments
• Political parties.
• Civil society people
• Health, agriculture, science and technology and
educational institutions etc.
Source for capita collection:
• Advertisement.
• Lifafa journalism

14. Public execution of a woman, known as Zarmeena, by the
Taliban at the Ghazi Sports Stadium, Kabul, November 16, 1999.
The mother of seven children had been killed.

15. 4. Flak and the Enforcers
• “Flak” refers to negative response to a media
statement or program. It may take the form of
letters, telegrams, phone calls petitions,
lawsuits, speeches and bill before legislations.
• Example: Memo Gate, NRO, Corruption, Bank
Loans List, MetroBus Project, Mega Projects,
etc.

16. 5. Anti Communism
Now War on Terror
• During the Cold war: Using of Islam as Propaganda Tools
• Propaganda is a technique of human behavioural that
how to counter the attack of enemy or the cross person,
animal, ideology etc. like: left and right, capitalism and
communism. The real fighting of both economic systems
after the world war II, the capitalism were used the
Religion Islam as propaganda tools against the
communism in Cold war era.
• Pakistan Interest: After the 1947 the Pakistani scholars try
their best to prove Islam as the best system for world as
human being.

17. Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA)
• During the Cold war they use Islam and Mula’s as
Propaganda Tools:
• “Muslim within the Soviet Block. At the same time, the
US embassy in Iraq Tried to project the Idea that unlike
the Soviet Union, America was a friend of all Muslims,
as both were united against a godless enemy.”
(Religion and the Cold War: A Global Perspective, P.
114)
• Example: On the God We Trust, Ahli Kitab, They Belief
on God, They help us against Communist, Dahria,
communist, red kafir, they don’t belief on One God.

18. TO COUNTER THE ENEMY OR OPPOSITE:
• THE USA ESTABLISHED THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATION:
• During the World War I, Committee on Public Information,
• World War II, Office of War Information and Why We Fight
• Cold War COINTELPRO an acronym for COunter
INTELligence PROgram) was a series of covert, and at times
illegal, projects conducted by the United States Federal
Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aimed at surveying,
infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic political
organizations. During the Cold War, the U.S. government
produced vast amounts of propaganda against communism
and the Soviet bloc.

19. Cold War & Present Era...
• Jihad to War on Terror :
• Nation forgive us? ISI use us in Afghan War (QH
Ahmad Ameer JI)
• “Yes I fired Stinger, LMG etc and USA Trained us
for Jehad in Afghanistan” (F. Khalil in CapitalTalk )
• “Taliban understand me as Father” S. Haq. Press
Brefing with Imran Khan & CM P. Khattak... (News Headline)
• Now we thinking that we did something wrong
during Cold War era (Fazli ur Rehman (JUIF) to BBC Pashto)

20. The source of Media After 9/11

21. Taliban The main source of Media

22. Propaganda about War on Terror
• “everybody says they're for peace. Hitler
was for peace. Everybody is for peace.
The question is: "What kind of peace?"
(Chomsky)
• In this context the famous sentence of
Ghani Khan: “I like city noise from the
Graveyard peace”.

23. Propaganda against the Enemy
(Taliban) for Peace and Education

24. Cock fight in London, c. 1784, 86 & 1808 and PakAf also Dogs,
Camels, Batair, etc What is Difference? The difference is which
habit Europe leave in 1808 we as human being practicing own
now in 21 century. Cont......

25. Propaganda against War on Terror

26. • “Unfortunately, the Pakistan that Qaid e Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah pursued vanquished with his
mysterious death. The religious right that opposed the
creation of Pakistan swiftly moved into the void to
occupy the ideological space. Military coups with
religion providing political legitimacy speeded this
deconstruction. Pakistan’s role as a bulwark against
communism and the mock Jihad in Afghanistan
strengthened militants into a formidable private army.
This indoctrination was filliped by hard-core Islamists
from world over promptly provided sanctuaries in
Pakistan for legitimacy. It raised the levels of sectarian/
religious intolerance and violence.”
(https://sharafs.wordpress.com/tag/pervez-musharraf)

27. Articles using as propaganda
The articles shows that what they thoughts the
opposite can use easily these articles as propaganda:
• US WAR OF ATTRITION
• DWF: Pakistan's double edged strategy of
negotiations
• DUST AFTER THE DRONE
• PAKISTAN’S DELIBERATE DECONSTRUCT
• The enemy within

28. The enemy within

29. PAKISTAN’S DELIBERATE DECONSTRUCT

30. Conclusion
• As Pakistani we using shortcuts for achievements.
• We as 97% Muslim but we want more ......
• But practically we all are confused nation
• We hate from others but we don’t love to our self
• We don’t think that the world will agree with us
• We like the fighting of animals but World
Establishment like fight to us.
• Now we facing risk from our own.
• one day we will get start from one point.

31. The point is as under:

32. Thanks