International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
People looking out for International Trade theories, This Porters Diamond will be a useful presentation for you!... If requested on mail i will send you any particular Topic in International Business.
All the Best!
This presentation has information about International pricing methods & factors affecting International pricing & Incoterms used in International trade
06 International Trade and Factor MobilityBrent Weeks
To understand theories of international trade
To explain how free trade improves global efficiency
To identify factors affecting national trade patterns
To explain why a country’s export capabilities are dynamic
To understand why production factors, especially labor and capital, move internationally
To explain the relationship between foreign trade and international factor mobility
International Marketing explores the history of trade and marketing between countries. In the year 1970, with the onset of progressive trade liberalization there was a tremendous expansion of the world trade. An organization’s way of marketing in a given country is termed “International marketing”. This comes into play when an organization is part of or associated with an enterprise which also operates in other countries and there is some degree of influence or control of the organization’s marketing activities from outside the country in which it sells and or produces.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This Slideshare is the sole Property of the Welingkar School of Distance Learning – Reproduction of this material , without prior consent, either wholly or partially will be treated as a violation of copyright.
People looking out for International Trade theories, This Porters Diamond will be a useful presentation for you!... If requested on mail i will send you any particular Topic in International Business.
All the Best!
This presentation has information about International pricing methods & factors affecting International pricing & Incoterms used in International trade
06 International Trade and Factor MobilityBrent Weeks
To understand theories of international trade
To explain how free trade improves global efficiency
To identify factors affecting national trade patterns
To explain why a country’s export capabilities are dynamic
To understand why production factors, especially labor and capital, move internationally
To explain the relationship between foreign trade and international factor mobility
International Marketing explores the history of trade and marketing between countries. In the year 1970, with the onset of progressive trade liberalization there was a tremendous expansion of the world trade. An organization’s way of marketing in a given country is termed “International marketing”. This comes into play when an organization is part of or associated with an enterprise which also operates in other countries and there is some degree of influence or control of the organization’s marketing activities from outside the country in which it sells and or produces.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This Slideshare is the sole Property of the Welingkar School of Distance Learning – Reproduction of this material , without prior consent, either wholly or partially will be treated as a violation of copyright.
The intent of globalization is improving efficiency,optimizing markets and taking advantage of the global environment. If Indian firms have the facility to obtain the latest technology in the world, raise finance from the cheapest source and procure materials from the best source in the world, domestic firms will be on par with foreign firms.
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these are different entry strategies of companies to go global. also specified the need to go global and the time when the operations should be stopped in an international business,
Factors associated with Entry Mode
Timing of an Entry
FIRST MOVER ADVANTAGE
Scale of Entry & Strategic Commitments
ENTRY MODES
Explain exporting, turnkey projects and licensing entry modes with their advantages and disadvantages.
Explain franchising, joint venture and wholly owned subsidiaries with its advantages and disadvantages.
SELECTING ENTRY MODE
PROS & CONS OF ACQUISITION
PROS &CONS OF GREENFIELD VENTURES
What is strategic alliance?
What are the advantage and disadvantages of strategic alliance?
What are the factors contributing to the success of an alliance?
Strategies for globalisation
Exporting
Licensing
Franchising
Contracting manufacturing
Management contracting
Turnkey contract
Third country location
Joint venture by Rohini
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
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This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
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This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Presentation on international business entry strategies and strategic alliances.
1. Entry Strategy and Strategic Alliances in
International Business
11/20/2013
2. MAR ATHANASIOS COLLEGE
FOR ADVANCED STUDIES
MACFAST,THIRUVALLA
Group members :
Anu Prasannan
Aparna Lal
Nyju Eapen
Anand Jose
Ajith Jacob
11/20/2013
3. Case: Diebold
Began to sell ATM machines in foreign
markets in 1980’s
1980’s Distribution agreement with Philips
1990 Diebold establishes joint venture with
IBM
1997 foreign sales 20% of Diebold’s total
revenues
Diebold decides to go it alone with local
manufacturing presence for local
customization
◦ Through acquisitions
◦ joint ventures
11/20/2013
4. Basic foreign expansion entry
decisions
A firm contemplating foreign expansion must
make three decisions
Which markets to enter
When to enter these markets
What is the scale of entry
11/20/2013
5. Which foreign markets
Favorable
◦ Politically stable developed and
developing nations
◦ Free market systems
◦ No dramatic upsurge in inflation or
private-sector debt
Unfavorable
◦ Politically unstable developing nations
with a mixed or command economy or
where speculative financial bubbles have
led to excess borrowing
11/20/2013
6. Timing of entry
Advantages in early market entry:
◦ First-mover advantage.
◦ Build sales volume.
◦ Move down experience curve and achieve
cost advantage.
◦ Create switching costs.
Tie customers to your product.
Disadvantages:
◦ First mover disadvantage - pioneering
costs.
◦ Changes in government policy.
11/20/2013
7. Scale of entry
Large scale entry
◦ Strategic Commitments - a decision that has
a long-term impact and is difficult to reverse.
◦ May cause rivals to rethink market entry.
◦ May lead to indigenous competitive response
Jollibee Example
◦ ? Good or Bad? .
Small scale entry:
◦ Time to learn about market.
◦ Reduces exposure risk.
Lack of Commitment problems
11/20/2013
9. Exporting
Advantages:
◦ Avoids cost of establishing manufacturing
operations
◦ May help achieve experience curve and
location economies
Disadvantages:
◦ May compete with low-cost location
manufacturers
◦ Possible high transportation costs
◦ Tariff barriers
◦ Possible lack of control over marketing reps
Local Agent Problems
11/20/2013
10. Licensing
Agreement where licensor grants rights to
intangible property to another entity for a
specified period
of time in return for
royalties.
Advantages
Reduces development costs and risks of
establishing foreign enterprise.
Lack capital for venture.
Unfamiliar or politically volatile market.
Others can develop business
applications of intangible
property.
11/20/2013
11. Franchising
Franchiser sells intangible property and
insists on rules for operating business.
Advantages:
◦ Reduces costs and risk of establishing
enterprise
Disadvantages:
◦ May prohibit movement of profits from one
country to support operations in another
country
◦ Quality control
11/20/2013
12. Joint Ventures
Advantages:
◦ Benefit from local partner’s knowledge.
◦ Shared costs/risks with partner.
◦ Reduced political risk.
Disadvantages:
◦ Risk giving control of technology to
partner.
◦ May not realize experience curve or
location economies.
◦ Shared ownership can lead to conflict
11/20/2013
13. Wholly owned subsidiary
Subsidiaries could be Greenfield
investments or acquisitions
Advantages:
◦ No risk of losing technical competence to a
competitor
◦ Tight control of operations.
◦ Realize learning curve and location economies.
Disadvantage:
◦ Bear full cost and risk
11/20/2013
15. Selecting an entry mode
Technological Know-How
Wholly owned subsidiary, except:
1. Venture is structured to reduce
risk of loss of technology.
2. Technology advantage is
transitory.
Management Know-How
Pressure for Cost
Reduction
Then licensing or joint venture OK
Franchising, subsidiaries
(wholly owned or joint venture)
Combination of exporting and
wholly owned subsidiary
11/20/2013
16. Acquisition and Green-field- pros &
Greenfield
cons Acquisition
Pro:
◦ Quick to execute
◦ Preempt competitors
◦ Possibly less risky
Con:
Disappointing results
Overpay for firm
optimism about value
creation (hubris)
Culture clash.
Problems with proposed
synergies
Pro:
◦ Can build subsidiary it
wants
◦ Easy to establish
operating routines
Con:
◦ Slow to establish
◦ Risky
◦ Preemption by
aggressive competitors
11/20/2013
18. Strategic Alliances
Cooperative agreements between potential
or actual competitors.
Advantages:
◦ Facilitate entry into market
◦ Share fixed costs
◦ Bring together skills and assets that neither
company has or can develop
◦ Establish industry technology standards
Disadvantages:
◦ Competitors get low cost route to technology and
markets
11/20/2013
19. Alliances are popular
High cost of technology development
Company may not have skill, money or
people to go it alone
Good way to learn
Good way to secure access to foreign
markets
Host country may require some local
ownership
11/20/2013
20. Global Alliances, however, are
different
Firms join to attain world leadership
Each partner has significant strength to
bring to the alliance
A true global vision
When competing in markets not part of
alliance, they retain their own identity
11/20/2013
21. Partner selection
Get as much information as possible
on the potential partner
Collect data from informed third
parties
◦ Former partners
◦ Investment bankers
◦ Former employees
Get to know the potential partner
before committing
11/20/2013
23. Characteristics of a strategic
alliance
Benefits
Independence of
Participants
Technology
Products
Control
Shared
Benefits
Ongoing
Contributions
Markets
14-23
11/20/2013