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 Introduction to Docker
Virendra singh ruhela
Introduction to Docker 
• A dotCloud (PAAS provider) project
• Initial commit January 18, 2013
• Docker 0.1.0 released March 25, 2013
• 18,600+ github stars, 3800+ forks,740 Contributors…. and continues
• dotCloud pivots to docker inc. October 29, 2013
DOCKERHISTORY ……
• Open platform for developers and sysadmins to build, ship and run
distributed applications
• Can run on popular 64-bit Linux distributions with kernel 3.8 or later
• Supported by several cloud platforms including Amazon EC2, Google
Compute Engine, and Rackspace.
What is Docker?!!!
• Light-Weight
o Minimal overhead (cpu/io /ne two rk)
o Based on Linux containers
o Uses layered filesystem to save space (AUFS/LVM)
o Uses a copy-on-write filesystem to track changes
• Portable
o Can run on any Linux system that supports LXC (today).
o 0.7 release includes support for RedHat/Fedora family.
o Raspberry pi support.
o Future plans to support other container tools (lmctfy, etc.)
o Support for other operating systems (Solaris, OSX, Windows?)
• Self-sufficient
o A Docker container contains everything it needs to run
o Minimal Base OS
o Libraries and frameworks
o Application code
o A docker container should be able to run anywhere that Docker can run.
Features….
The Challenge……
The Matrix FromHell……
Cargo Transport Pre-1960……
Also a Matrix fromHell……
Solution: Intermodal Shipping Container……
Dockeris a ContainerSystemforCode……
DockerEliminates the Matrix fromHell……
Why it Works: Separation of Concerns……
•  Docker Engine
–  CLI
–  Docker Daemon
–  Docker Registry
•  Docker Hub
–  Cloud service
•  Share Applications Source :Docker-IO
•  Automate workflows
•  Assemble apps from components
•Docker images
•Docker containers
DockerArchitecture……
• NOT A VHD
• NOT A FILESYSTEM
• uses a Unio n File Syste m
• a read-only Laye r
• do not have state
• Basically a tar file
• Has a hierarchy
•  Arbitrary depth
•  Fits into the Docker Registry
Source: GitHub
Dockerimages……
Units of software delivery (ship it!)
● run everywhere
– regardless of kernel version
– regardless of host distro
– (but container and host architec-
-ture must match*)
Source: Docker-IO
● run anything
– if it can run on the host, it can run in the container
– i.e., if it can run on a Linux kernel, it can run
*Unless you emulate CPU with qemu and binfmt
DockerContainers...
Containers before Docker……
Containers afterDocker ……
How does Dockerwork?
• You can build Docker images that hold your applications
• You can create Docker containers from those Docker images to run your
applications.
• You can share those Docker images via Docker Hub or your own registry
Virtual Machine Versus Container……
Virtual Machine Versus Container……
•  The Life of a Container
–  Conception
•  BUILDan Image from a Dockerfile
–  Birth
•  RUN (create+start) a container
–  Reproduction
•  COMMIT (persist) a container to a new image
•  RUN a new container from an image
–  Sleep
•  KILL a running container
–  Wake
•  START a stopped container
–  Death
•  RM(delete) a stopped container
•  Extinction
–  RMI a container image (delete image)
DockerContainerLifecycle ……
•  Kernel Feature
•  Groups of processes
•  Control resource allocations
–  CPU
–  Memory
–  Disk
–  I/O
•  May be nested
Linux Cgroups ……
•  Kernel Feature
•  Restrict your view of the system
–  Mounts (CLONE_NEWNS)
–  UTS (CLONE_NEWUTS)
•  uname() output
–  IPC (CLONE_NEWIPC)
–  PID (CLONE_NEWPID)
–  Networks (CLONE_NEWNET)
–  User (CLONE_NEWUSER)
•  Not supported in Docker yet
•  Has privileged/unprivileged modes today
•  May be nested
Linux Kernel Namespaces ……
•  Like a Makefile (shell script with keywords)
•  Extends from a Base Image
•  Results in a new Docker Image
•  Imperative, not Declarative
•A Docker file lists the steps needed to build an images
• docker build is used to run a Docker file
• Can define default command for docker run, ports to expose, etc
Dockerfile ……
DockerCLI Commands (v1.1.2)……
Want to hack on Docker ?
•Reporting Security Issues
•Design and Cleanup Proposals
•Reporting Issues
•Build Environment
Contributing to Docker ……
• Easy to build, run & share containers
• Rapidly expanding ecosystem
• Better performance vs. VMs
• Layered file system gives us git-like control of images
• Reduces complexity of system builds
•Red Hat - Project Atomic Host, and certifications - containerized applications,
Geard and OpenShift.
•Google is expected to tightly integrate containers with its IaaS and PaaS
offerings.
SUMMARY……
  
• https://www.docker.com/what-docker
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docker_(software)
• https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/990a3e30fa66e
7bd3df3c78c873c97c5b1310486/daemon/graphdriver
/driver.go#L37-L43
• https://github.com/docker/distribution
• The Docker Book/ Version: v1.10.2 (bf6b7fe)
• The Docker Book/ Version: v1.10.2 
(bf6b7fe)/summary
Refrences……
presentation on Docker

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presentation on Docker

  • 3. • A dotCloud (PAAS provider) project • Initial commit January 18, 2013 • Docker 0.1.0 released March 25, 2013 • 18,600+ github stars, 3800+ forks,740 Contributors…. and continues • dotCloud pivots to docker inc. October 29, 2013 DOCKERHISTORY ……
  • 4. • Open platform for developers and sysadmins to build, ship and run distributed applications • Can run on popular 64-bit Linux distributions with kernel 3.8 or later • Supported by several cloud platforms including Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine, and Rackspace. What is Docker?!!!
  • 5. • Light-Weight o Minimal overhead (cpu/io /ne two rk) o Based on Linux containers o Uses layered filesystem to save space (AUFS/LVM) o Uses a copy-on-write filesystem to track changes • Portable o Can run on any Linux system that supports LXC (today). o 0.7 release includes support for RedHat/Fedora family. o Raspberry pi support. o Future plans to support other container tools (lmctfy, etc.) o Support for other operating systems (Solaris, OSX, Windows?) • Self-sufficient o A Docker container contains everything it needs to run o Minimal Base OS o Libraries and frameworks o Application code o A docker container should be able to run anywhere that Docker can run. Features….
  • 9. Also a Matrix fromHell……
  • 10. Solution: Intermodal Shipping Container……
  • 12. DockerEliminates the Matrix fromHell……
  • 13. Why it Works: Separation of Concerns……
  • 14. •  Docker Engine –  CLI –  Docker Daemon –  Docker Registry •  Docker Hub –  Cloud service •  Share Applications Source :Docker-IO •  Automate workflows •  Assemble apps from components •Docker images •Docker containers DockerArchitecture……
  • 15. • NOT A VHD • NOT A FILESYSTEM • uses a Unio n File Syste m • a read-only Laye r • do not have state • Basically a tar file • Has a hierarchy •  Arbitrary depth •  Fits into the Docker Registry Source: GitHub Dockerimages……
  • 16. Units of software delivery (ship it!) ● run everywhere – regardless of kernel version – regardless of host distro – (but container and host architec- -ture must match*) Source: Docker-IO ● run anything – if it can run on the host, it can run in the container – i.e., if it can run on a Linux kernel, it can run *Unless you emulate CPU with qemu and binfmt DockerContainers...
  • 19. How does Dockerwork? • You can build Docker images that hold your applications • You can create Docker containers from those Docker images to run your applications. • You can share those Docker images via Docker Hub or your own registry
  • 20. Virtual Machine Versus Container……
  • 21. Virtual Machine Versus Container……
  • 22. •  The Life of a Container –  Conception •  BUILDan Image from a Dockerfile –  Birth •  RUN (create+start) a container –  Reproduction •  COMMIT (persist) a container to a new image •  RUN a new container from an image –  Sleep •  KILL a running container –  Wake •  START a stopped container –  Death •  RM(delete) a stopped container •  Extinction –  RMI a container image (delete image) DockerContainerLifecycle ……
  • 23. •  Kernel Feature •  Groups of processes •  Control resource allocations –  CPU –  Memory –  Disk –  I/O •  May be nested Linux Cgroups ……
  • 24. •  Kernel Feature •  Restrict your view of the system –  Mounts (CLONE_NEWNS) –  UTS (CLONE_NEWUTS) •  uname() output –  IPC (CLONE_NEWIPC) –  PID (CLONE_NEWPID) –  Networks (CLONE_NEWNET) –  User (CLONE_NEWUSER) •  Not supported in Docker yet •  Has privileged/unprivileged modes today •  May be nested Linux Kernel Namespaces ……
  • 25. •  Like a Makefile (shell script with keywords) •  Extends from a Base Image •  Results in a new Docker Image •  Imperative, not Declarative •A Docker file lists the steps needed to build an images • docker build is used to run a Docker file • Can define default command for docker run, ports to expose, etc Dockerfile ……
  • 27. Want to hack on Docker ? •Reporting Security Issues •Design and Cleanup Proposals •Reporting Issues •Build Environment Contributing to Docker ……
  • 28. • Easy to build, run & share containers • Rapidly expanding ecosystem • Better performance vs. VMs • Layered file system gives us git-like control of images • Reduces complexity of system builds •Red Hat - Project Atomic Host, and certifications - containerized applications, Geard and OpenShift. •Google is expected to tightly integrate containers with its IaaS and PaaS offerings. SUMMARY……
  • 29.    • https://www.docker.com/what-docker • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docker_(software) • https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/990a3e30fa66e 7bd3df3c78c873c97c5b1310486/daemon/graphdriver /driver.go#L37-L43 • https://github.com/docker/distribution • The Docker Book/ Version: v1.10.2 (bf6b7fe) • The Docker Book/ Version: v1.10.2  (bf6b7fe)/summary Refrences……