1.
A PRESENTATION ON HANDLING AND
MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS AND BIOMEDICAL
WASTE
BY-JORALI
LONGMAILAI (DC2011BTE0208)
ANAMIKA DEBBARMA (DC2011BTE0127)

2.
INTRODUCTION
 Waste and wastes are terms for
unwanted materials. Examples
include municipal solid waste
(household
trash/refuse), wastewater (such
as sewage, which contains
bodily wastes, or surface
runoff), radioactive waste, and
others.
 Waste management is
the collection, transport, process
ing or disposal, managing and
monitoring of waste materials.
The term usually relates to
materials produced by human
activity, and the process is
generally undertaken to reduce
their effect on health,
the environment or aesthetics.

3.
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
 Hazardous wastes can take the form of solids, liquids, sludge, or
contained gases, and they are generated primarily by chemical
production, manufacturing, and other industrial activities.

4.
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
According to Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules,
1998 of India “Any waste which is generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research
activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of
biological”.

5.
LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices about Biomedical Waste Management
among Healthcare Personnel- A Cross-sectional Study (April-June 2011).
By Vanesh Mathur, S. Dwivedi, M. A. Hassan, R. P Mishra.
The objective was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of doctors,
nurses, laboratory technicians, and sanitary staff regarding biomedical
waste management.
2. Biomedical Waste Management- A case study of Y.C.M Hospital, Pimpri,
Chinchwad, Pune (June 24-25 2011).
By Amar Dhere.
This paper makes an attempt by giving a detailed background on the
standard process of biomedical management and the provision of relevant
law.

6.
CLASSIFICATION
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
 Toxic Waste
 Reactive Waste
 Ignitable Waste
 Corrosive Waste
 Infectious Waste
 Radioactive Waste
BIOMEDICAL
WASTE
 Solid medical Waste
 Liquid medical Waste
 Isolation Waste
 Household waste(domestic
waste)

7.
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improper hazardous-waste storage or disposal frequently contaminates surface and
groundwater supplies. In an effort to remove existing problems and to prevent future
harm from hazardous waste, government closely regulates the practice of
hazardous-waste management.
Under the management process, following proceedings take
place:-
Transportation of hazardous waste-
Hazardous waste generated at a particular site often requires
transport to an approved treatment, storage, or disposal
facility. Because of potential threats to public safety and the
environment, transportation is given special attention by
governmental agencies
Transport vehicles used-
Hazardous waste is generally transported by truck over public
highways. Only a very small amount is transported by rail, and
almost none is moved by air or inland waterway.

8.
 The Manifest System-
The manifest system monitors the journey of hazardous waste from
its point of origin to the point of final disposal. The manifest system
helps to eliminate the problem of midnight dumping. It also provides
a means for determining the type and quantity of hazardous waste
being generated, as well as the recommended emergency procedures
in case of an accidental spill. A manifest is a record-keeping
document that must be prepared by the generator of the hazardous
waste, such as a chemical manufacturer. The generator has primary
responsibility for the ultimate disposal of the waste and must give
the manifest, along with the waste itself, to a licensed waste
transporter.

9.
HANDLING PROCESS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
Under the handling process of hazardous waste, following processes include—
 Treatment :- Hazardous waste can be treated by chemical, thermal,
biological, and physical methods.
1. Chemical methods include ion exchange, precipitation, oxidation and
reduction and neutralization.
2. Thermal method is high-temperature incineration which not only can
detoxify certain organic wastes but also can destroy them.
3. Biological treatment of certain organic wastes, such as those from the
petroleum industry, is also an option.
4. Physical methods include evaporation, sedimentation, floatation, and
filtration.

10.
 Surface Storage and Land
Disposal:-
Hazardous wastes that are
not destroyed by
incineration or other
chemical processes need
to be disposed properly.
For most such wastes,
land disposal is the
ultimate destination.
Two basic methods of
land disposal include
land filling and
underground injection.

11.
REMEDIAL ACTION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
 Remediation means to completely remove all the waste material
from the site and transport it to another location for treatment and
proper disposal.
 This off-site solution is usually the most expensive option.
 An alternative is on-site remediation, which reduces the production
of leachate and lessens the chance of groundwater contamination.
 On-site remediation may include temporary removal of the
hazardous waste, construction of a secure landfill on the same site,
and proper replacement of the waste.

12.
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
 Biomedical waste management has recently emerged as an issue of
major concern not only to hospitals, nursing home authorities but also
to the environment.
The bio-medical wastes
generated from health
care units depend upon
a number of factors such
as waste management
methods, type of health
care units, occupancy of
healthcare units,
specialization of
healthcare units, ratio of
reusable items in use,
availability of
infrastructure and
resources etc.

13.
SOURCES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
 Major Sources:
Hospitals, health
centers, Medical
colleges and
research centers,
paramedic services.
 Minor Sources:
Physicians, dentists’
clinics, Animal
houses, Blood
donation camps,
Vaccination centers.

14.
PROBLEMS RELATING TO BIOMEDICAL WASTE
 Disposing of waste in a haphazard, improper and indiscriminate
manner.
 Lack of segregation practices.
 Inappropriate segregation.
 Inadequate management.

15.
NEED OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
HOSPITALS
1. INJURIES
2. INFECTIONS
3. DRUGS
BIOMEDICAL WASTE CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL
HAZARDS
1. TOXIC EMISSIONS
2. INDISCRIMINATE DISPOSAL
3. LEACHATE

16.
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
• Waste collection
• Segregation
• Transportation and storage
• Treatment & Disposal
• Transport to final disposal site
• Final disposal
BIOMEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
1. Incineration Technology
2. Non-Incineration Technology
3. Autoclaving
4. Chemical Methods
5. Microwave Irradiation
6. Plasma Pyrolysis

17.
RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING
MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
 For the use of incinerator; training should be given to some number of
persons from staff.
 Every hospital should have special boxes to use as dustbin for bio-medical
waste.
 Bio-medical waste should not be mixed with other waste of Municipal
Corporation.
 Private hospitals should also be allowed to use incinerator, which is
installed, in govt. hospital. For this purpose a specific fee can be
charged from private hospitals.

18.
RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING
MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
 Special vehicle i.e. bio-medical waste vehicle should be started to collect
waste from private hospitals and private medical clinics and carry it up to
the main incinerator.
 As provided by bio-medical waste rules, the whole of the waste should be
fragmented into colors due to their hazardous nature.
 Either judicial powers should be given to the management board or
special court should be established in the matters of environment pollution
for imposing fines and awarding damages etc.
 Housekeeping staff should wear protective devices such as gloves, face
masks, gowned, while handling the waste.

19.
CONCLUSION
 The segregation of waste at source is a vital step.
 Reduction, reuse and recycling should be considered in proper
perspectives.
 Innovative and radical measures should be taken up to negate
the lack of civic concern on the part of hospitals and various
waste generating sites.
 Measures to remove slackness in government implementation
of rules, as waste generation imposes direct and indirect costs
on society.
 The challenge before us is to scientifically manage growing
quantities of hazardous and biomedical wastes that go beyond
past practices.

20.
REFERENCE
Google Books-
 Fundamentals of Nursing- B T Basavanthappa
Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia-
 Hazardous Waste Management
Scholars Article
Papers-
1. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices about Biomedical Waste
Management among Healthcare Personnel- A Cross-sectional
Study (April-June 2011).
By Vanesh Mathur, S. Dwivedi, M. A. Hassan, R. P Mishra.
2. Biomedical Waste Management- A case study of Y.C.M
Hospital, Pimpri, Chinchwad, Pune (June 24-25 2011).
By Amar Dhere.

21.
THANK YOU